說明:生產環境中,需要對數據庫定時進行備份,通常對從庫配置備份。
備份的方式有:
- 直接複製mysql文件
- mysqldump
- xtrabackup等工具
配置備份腳本(mysqldump)
$ mkdir /home/mysql-bak -p
$ vim /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh
減配版
#!/bin/bash
# 用戶需要配置的部分
MYBACKUPDIR="/home/mysql-bak"
MYUSER="test"
MYPASS="test"
MYHOST="localhost"
MYPORT="3306"
MYDBNAME="test"
MYCHARSET="utf8"
MYLOGIN="mysql -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"
#MYDUMP="mysqldump -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS -B"
MYDUMP="mysqldump -h$MYHOST -P$MYPORT -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS --default-character-set=$MYCHARSET -B"
DATABASE="$($MYLOGIN -e "show databases;"|egrep -vi "Data|_schema|mysql")"
# 備份指定庫
MYDIR=$MYBACKUPDIR/$MYDBNAME
[ ! -d $MYDIR ] && mkdir -p $MYDIR
$MYDUMP $MYDBNAME|gzip >$MYDIR/${MYDBNAME}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
# 備份全庫全表
#for dbname in $DATABASE
# do
# MYDIR=$MYBACKUPDIR/$dbname
# [ ! -d $MYDIR ] && mkdir -p $MYDIR
# $MYDUMP $dbname|gzip >$MYDIR/${dbname}_$(date +%F).sql.gz
#done
高級版
#!/bin/bash
# 以下配置信息請自己修改
mysql_user="USER" #MySQL備份用戶
mysql_password="PASSWORD" #MySQL備份用戶的密碼
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_port="3306"
mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL編碼
backup_db_arr=("test") #要備份的數據庫名稱,多個用空格分開隔開 如("db1" "db2" "db3")
backup_location=/home/mysql-bak #備份數據存放位置,末尾請不要帶"/",此項可以保持默認,程序會自動創建文件夾
expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否開啓過期備份刪除 ON爲開啓 OFF爲關閉
expire_days=3 #過期時間天數 默認爲三天,此項只有在expire_backup_delete開啓時有效
# 本行開始以下不需要修改
backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #定義備份詳細時間
backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定義備份目錄中的年月日時間
backup_3ago=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` #3天之前的日期
backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd #備份文件夾全路徑
welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #歡迎語
# 判斷MYSQL是否啓動,mysql沒有啓動則備份退出
mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l`
mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l`
if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then
echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!"
exit
else
echo $welcome_msg
fi
# 連接到mysql數據庫,無法連接則備份退出
mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <<end
use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root' and host='localhost';
exit
end
flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag != "0" ]; then
echo "ERROR:Can't connect mysql server! backup stop!"
exit
else
echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......"
# 判斷有沒有定義備份的數據庫,如果定義則開始備份,否則退出備份
if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then
#dbnames=$(cut -d ',' -f1-5 $backup_database)
#echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})"
for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]}
do
echo "database $dbname backup start..."
`mkdir -p $backup_dir`
`mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --default-character-set=$mysql_charset | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz`
flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag == "0" ];then
echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz"
else
echo "database $dbname backup fail!"
fi
done
else
echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop"
exit
fi
# 如果開啓了刪除過期備份,則進行刪除操作
if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then
#`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;`
`find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
fi
echo "All database backup success! Thank you!"
exit
fi
$ chmod 777 /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh
設置定時任務
查看當前用戶是否已經設置了定時執行任務
$ crontab -l
開始編寫定時執行任務
$ crontab -e
將腳本的定時任務設置爲每天凌晨5點執行(有可執行權限)
0 0 5 * * ? /bin/bash /home/mysql-bak/backup.sh