IP及基本配置
一、IP分類
A類：
0 0000000 - 0 1111111.X.Y.Z : 0-127.X.Y.Z
網絡ID位是最高8位,主機ID是24位低位
網絡數：126=2^7(可變是的網絡ID位數)-2
每個網絡中的主機數：2^24-2=16777214
默認子網掩碼：255.0.0.0
私網地址：10.0.0.0
範例:114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1，58.87.87.99，119.29.29.29
B類：
10 000000 - 10 111111.X.Y.Z：128-191.X.Y.Z
網絡ID位是最高16位,主機ID是16位低位
網絡數：2^14=16384
每個網絡中的主機數：2^16-2=65534
默認子網掩碼：255.255.0.0
私網地址：172.16.0.0-172.31.0.0
範例:180.76.76.76，172.16.0.1
C類：
110 0 0000 - 110 1 1111.X.Y.Z: 192-223.X.Y.Z
網絡ID位是最高24位,主機ID是8位低位
網絡數：2^21=2097152
每個網絡中的主機數：2^8-2=254
默認子網掩碼：255.255.255.0
私網地址：192.168.0.0-192.168.255.0
範例: 223.6.6.6
D類：組（多）播，1110 0000 - 1110 1111.X.Y.Z: 224-239.X.Y.Z
E類：保留未使用，240-255
二、IP配置方法
Linux系統的IP配置有即時生效、永久生效兩種。
即時生效IP配置命令：
# ip ad show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1490sec preferred_lft 1490sec
inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#
# ip ad add 172.20.200.132/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0 #用IP命令給eth0配置新的IP
[root@localhost ~]# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1342sec preferred_lft 1342sec
inet 172.20.200.132/24 scope global secondary eth0:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#
# ifconfig eth0:1 172.20.200.133/24 #用ifcofnig命令給eth0增加新IP
# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
inet6 fe80::cbe4:339a:75e4:b9ed prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2125 bytes 193515 (188.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1229 bytes 153701 (150.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.172 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
eth0:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.200.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.20.200.255
ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 12 bytes 1008 (1008.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 12 bytes 1008 (1008.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
永久生效IP配置：
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# ls
ifcfg-ens33.bak ifdown-ippp ifdown-sit ifup-bnep ifup-plusb ifup-TeamPort
ifcfg-enth0 ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-Team ifup-eth ifup-post ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-isdn ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ippp ifup-ppp ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-post ifdown-tunnel ifup-ipv6 ifup-routes init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-ppp ifup ifup-isdn ifup-sit network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-routes ifup-aliases ifup-plip ifup-Team network-functions-ipv6
# vim ifcfg-enth0 #eth0的配置文件
1 TYPE=Ethernet
2 PROXY_METHOD=none
3 BROWSER_ONLY=no
4 BOOTPROTO=static
5 IPADDR=172.20.200.131
6 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
7 DEFROUTE=yes
8 IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
9 IPV6INIT=no
10 NAME=eth0
11 UUID=3ffc3752-25dc-4a92-ba6b-bce355e3b766
12 DEVICE=eth0
13 ONBOOT=yes
三、使用nmcli實現bonding
首先在虛擬機上新增加網卡eth1
# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.20.200.131/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee5:8686/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.20.200.132/24 brd 172.20.200.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth1
valid_lft 1728sec preferred_lft 1728sec
inet6 fe80::757d:f39a:9963:399f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# nmcli con add type bond con-name mybond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup #添加bonding接口
Connection 'mybond0' (257887ad-da43-463b-becb-232979aaa560) successfully added.
# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth0 master bond0 #向bond0中添加從屬接口eth0
Connection 'bond-slave-eth0' (aa8a138e-96bb-4726-90f9-b0201975be38) successfully added.
# nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth1 master bond0 #向bond0中添加從屬接口eth1
Connection 'bond-slave-eth1' (4d0568ea-c8e2-4ac0-b6eb-3269ddd76c99) successfully added.
# nmcli con up bond-slave-eth0 #啓動 bond-slave-eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up bond-slave-eth1 #啓動 bond-slave-eth1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
# nmcli con up mybond0 #啓動mybond0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e5:86:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ifcfg-bond-slave-eth0 ifcfg-mybond0 ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-sit ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-routes ifup-wireless
ifcfg-bond-slave-eth1 ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-Team ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-sit init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-ens33.bak ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifdown-TeamPort ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-Team network-functions
ifcfg-enth0 ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-post ifup-TeamPort network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ippp ifdown-routes ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-ppp ifup-tunnel