Mozilla裁員之後，Facebook、微軟、谷歌與亞馬遜紛紛爭奪Rust語言專家

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 人才的動向，也標誌着該語言社區在發展進程中迎來了新的轉折點。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去幾個月以來，Amazon、Facebook、微軟以及谷歌等科技巨頭正瘋狂吸納人才市場上的 Rust 語言程序員。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這場“搶人大戰”，源自各方着力籌備的 Rust 團隊組建計劃。憑藉着出色的內存效率、速度與安全性，Rust 語言近年來的優勢地位愈發明顯。事實上，Rust 正越來越被視爲 Go 以及 C++\/C 等編程語言的替代選項。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各大廠商開始使用 Rust 語言支持從網站到開發者工具、再到電子遊戲的多種應用場景。Facebook 一直在使用 Rust 語言構建 Diem 幣（即原 Libra 幣），Amazon 則使用 Rust 爲其無服務器平臺 Lambda（此平臺允許開發者在無需管理底層服務器的前提下，輕鬆運行並擴展開發代碼）等產品編寫代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 最初誕生自 Mozilla 之手，專門用於火狐瀏覽器的開發工作。但在去年 8 月的一輪裁員之後，Mozilla 遣散了約 250 名員工，其中包括不少原 Rust 團隊的活躍開發人員。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面看看幾位從 Mozilla“畢業”的知名校友在其他科技巨頭的就業情況："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Patrick Walton（@pcwalton），前 Mozilla 公司首席工程師。在去年 8 月離職後，他在 Twitter 上宣佈將加入 Facebook 領導新組建的 Rust 團隊。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前 Mozilla 首席研究工程師 Niko Matsakis（ @nikomatsakis）在博客上表示，他將出任 Amazon 公司 Rust 技術負責人職務。本月初，他剛剛離開 Mozilla 公司。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon 於去年 10 月啓用 Mozilla 前研究工程師 Felix Klock，並任命這位 Rust 開發者擔當首席軟件工程師一職。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟聘請 Mozilla 前高級研究工程師 Nell Shamrell-Harrington（同樣在去年 8 月的裁員中被解僱）加入其開源項目辦公室。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 11 月，谷歌聘請 Mozilla 前員工 Lars Bergstrom（在去年 8 月的裁員中被解僱）擔任工程技術總監。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 12 月，谷歌聘請 Mozilla 前研究員 Manish Goregaokar 擔任高級軟件工程師兼 Rust 核心團隊成員。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/c2\/c201867e1b67a21c8c58556035308a6c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 人才的動向，也標誌着該語言社區在發展進程中迎來了新的轉折點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"負責維護 Rust 開源項目的團隊核心成員 Ashley Williams 表示，在 Mozilla 着手裁員之後，該社區對 Rust 的未來命運確實有過憂慮。但好在各大科技巨頭積極吸納了 Rust 人才並計劃對相關項目做出貢獻，這無疑成爲 Rust 語言未來看漲的明確信號。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Williams 還在採訪中指出，“面向未來，我們期待看到更多獨特且令人興奮的 Rust 使用方式。這是一種非常強大、非常安全的語言。Rust 將在高質量軟件套件的構建與協作領域發揮重要作用。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 是如何發展起來的"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare ，自稱爲職業編程語言工程師，從 2006 年開始開發名爲 Rust 的程序語言。隨後，Mozilla 開始表示對這門新的編程語言非常感興趣，並於 2009 年開始贊助這個計劃。Mozilla 當時的目的是希望利用 Rust 爲 Firefox 構建一個新的瀏覽器內核。大多數瀏覽器，比如 Google Chrome、Safari 以及 Microsoft Edge，都是用 C++ 編寫的，但是 Mozilla 對這種語言不滿意，希望能用一個更強大的高併發性和高安全性編程語言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Mozilla 專門成立了一個團隊來繼續 Rust 的開發，並於 2010 年首次對外推出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他們爲該編程語言打造了瀏覽器引擎，並設計了 Rust 編譯器。Rust 編譯器是一款免費和開源的編程軟件，受 MIT 許可證和 Apache 許可證保護。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare 在 2012 年接受 InfoQ 的採訪時解釋說：“這是一個 MIT 授權的工作，所以任何人都可以隨時隨心所欲的參與到我們的工作中來的，無論是建立分支還是增加或修改代碼。你也可以及時看到我們的工作進展，在 GitHub、郵件列表、IRC 服務、Wiki 和存檔上它們全都是公開的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare 同時強調，Rust 的目標人羣就是那些糾結的 C++ 程序員。Rust 的內存管理模型可以防止變量爲 Null，這避免了空指針異常導致的崩潰。Rust 程序員可以很自信的說：“你一定聽說過‘"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651037429&idx=1&sn=b9b4893c3b50a0253c096721d106d917&chksm=bdbe66a68ac9efb066191db34f62bdb4df932df19ed435b6a3a0ec4fa8a34884a0914105e924&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十億美元的錯誤"}]},{"type":"text","text":"’，但 Rust 不存在這樣的問題”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但真正影響到的卻又不僅僅是 C++ 程序員，自 2016 年起，據 Stack Overflow 開發者調查顯示，由於許多開發人員開始更多選擇 Rust 而不是 Java 來進行開發，Rust 語言開始成爲人們關注的焦點，大家希望 Rust 不僅僅是構建瀏覽器引擎的語言。Rust 逐漸開始在遊戲開發、嵌入式設備、Web 編程、網絡、開發者工具以及其他軟件領域發揮重要作用。根據微軟 GitHub 上的數據，Rust 採用率在 2019 年增長了 235%，這也使其成爲增長速度最快的編程語言之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者也對 Rust 表達了強烈的喜愛之情。在過去的五年中，Rust 在 StackOverflow 開發者調查最受歡迎的編程語言榜單中，一直位居榜首。在 2020 年開發者調查中，有 86.1 ％的開發人員正在使用該語言或相關技術進行開發，並且有興趣繼續使用該語言。這幾乎是 C++ 收到的投票數量的兩倍！在同一項調查中，美國本土的 Rust 開發者年薪中位數爲 13 萬美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/dd\/ddc7b72901954e37ab43048283f2ad17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技巨頭們的 Rust 使用計劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 8 月，Mozilla 因盈利問題解僱了 250 名員工，其中包括 Rust 項目和 Rust 社區的成員。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨後，一些 Rust 維護者加入了 Amazon 和 Facebook 等企業，領導他們新組建的 Rust 團隊。Niko Matsakis 加入了亞馬遜，Patrick Walton 加入了 Facebook，成爲 Rust 團隊的技術負責人。此外，Rust 基金會正在作爲一個獨立實體成立，但尚不清楚發起人是誰。目前的贊助商包括 Sentry、GitHub、Google Cloud、Amazon Web Services、Mozilla 和 Microsoft。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 Facebook 編程語言團隊工程技術經理 Lee Howes 的介紹，剛剛成立三個月的 Facebook Rust 團隊致力於“成爲社區中的良好公民，並確保 Rust 整體發展爲穩定的堅實社區，同時確保生態系統中的開源元素得到高度重視。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook 公司目前正全面招聘 Rust 開發人員。雖然新的 Rust 團隊目前規模還不大，但 Facebook 打算“慢慢來”。該團隊將重點確保 Rust 語言與 Facebook 現有 C++ 代碼相協調，構建代碼庫並提供用於支持系統順利運行的 Rust 開源代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Howes 指出，Facebook 方面並沒有刻意從 Mozilla 前員工羣體內吸納人才的想法。他表示，恰恰相反，Mozilla 只是碰巧吸引到行業中衆多具有豐富經驗的 Rust 人才。Howes 提到，“Mozilla 擁有一支強大的支持團隊，而且與社區保持着良好交互。與之對應，Facebook 恰好需要一批擁有廣泛且豐富經驗的 Rust 開發者，最好是在 Facebook 自有代碼庫之外接觸過更多其他項目。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，微軟軟件工程合夥人 Chris McKinsey 提到，他們也建立了專項團隊以支持公司內部的 Rust 項目，並與該語言社區合作整理說明文檔、開發工具等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"McKinsey 在一份聲明中提到，“微軟致力於爲所有開發者提供以任何語言在任何平臺上，通過任何設備構建軟件成果的能力。微軟高度重視安全性與信任問題，我們也樂於做出使用 Rust 構建安全、高性能軟件系統的承諾。我們高度讚賞 Rust 語言社區的管理水平。Rust 語言忠實於自身發展目標，並由此建立起強大且活躍的技術社區。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在谷歌，自 Mozilla 投奔而來的 Goregaokar 目前正構建一套國際化 Rust 庫，並有意繼續投入該語言的開源項目開發中去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Goregaokar 解釋道，谷歌之所以選擇 Rust 語言，部分原因是它能夠與其他語言輕鬆集成。搜索巨頭還使用 Rust 語言構建了 Fuschia——這是一種全新操作系統，有望最終取代 Android。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Goregaokar 在採訪中總結道，“如今，Rust 可謂無處不在。人們開始使用 Rust 編寫 Web 服務，並使用它編寫衆多應用程序。更有不少企業使用 Rust 代碼對應用中的特定部分進行加速。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延伸閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2012\/10\/Interview-Rust","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2012\/10\/Interview-Rust"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/facebook-amazon-microsoft-rust-mozilla-layoffs-2021-1","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/facebook-amazon-microsoft-rust-mozilla-layoffs-2021-1"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.gartner.com\/manjunath-bhat\/2021\/01\/03\/why-2021-will-be-a-rusty-year-for-system-programmers\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blogs.gartner.com\/manjunath-bhat\/2021\/01\/03\/why-2021-will-be-a-rusty-year-for-system-programmers\/"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5}}]}