Mozilla裁员之后，Facebook、微软、谷歌与亚马逊纷纷争夺Rust语言专家

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 人才的动向，也标志着该语言社区在发展进程中迎来了新的转折点。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"过去几个月以来，Amazon、Facebook、微软以及谷歌等科技巨头正疯狂吸纳人才市场上的 Rust 语言程序员。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这场“抢人大战”，源自各方着力筹备的 Rust 团队组建计划。凭借着出色的内存效率、速度与安全性，Rust 语言近年来的优势地位愈发明显。事实上，Rust 正越来越被视为 Go 以及 C++\/C 等编程语言的替代选项。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各大厂商开始使用 Rust 语言支持从网站到开发者工具、再到电子游戏的多种应用场景。Facebook 一直在使用 Rust 语言构建 Diem 币（即原 Libra 币），Amazon 则使用 Rust 为其无服务器平台 Lambda（此平台允许开发者在无需管理底层服务器的前提下，轻松运行并扩展开发代码）等产品编写代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 最初诞生自 Mozilla 之手，专门用于火狐浏览器的开发工作。但在去年 8 月的一轮裁员之后，Mozilla 遣散了约 250 名员工，其中包括不少原 Rust 团队的活跃开发人员。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面看看几位从 Mozilla“毕业”的知名校友在其他科技巨头的就业情况："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Patrick Walton（@pcwalton），前 Mozilla 公司首席工程师。在去年 8 月离职后，他在 Twitter 上宣布将加入 Facebook 领导新组建的 Rust 团队。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前 Mozilla 首席研究工程师 Niko Matsakis（ @nikomatsakis）在博客上表示，他将出任 Amazon 公司 Rust 技术负责人职务。本月初，他刚刚离开 Mozilla 公司。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Amazon 于去年 10 月启用 Mozilla 前研究工程师 Felix Klock，并任命这位 Rust 开发者担当首席软件工程师一职。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微软聘请 Mozilla 前高级研究工程师 Nell Shamrell-Harrington（同样在去年 8 月的裁员中被解雇）加入其开源项目办公室。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 11 月，谷歌聘请 Mozilla 前员工 Lars Bergstrom（在去年 8 月的裁员中被解雇）担任工程技术总监。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 12 月，谷歌聘请 Mozilla 前研究员 Manish Goregaokar 担任高级软件工程师兼 Rust 核心团队成员。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/c2\/c201867e1b67a21c8c58556035308a6c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 人才的动向，也标志着该语言社区在发展进程中迎来了新的转折点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"负责维护 Rust 开源项目的团队核心成员 Ashley Williams 表示，在 Mozilla 着手裁员之后，该社区对 Rust 的未来命运确实有过忧虑。但好在各大科技巨头积极吸纳了 Rust 人才并计划对相关项目做出贡献，这无疑成为 Rust 语言未来看涨的明确信号。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Williams 还在采访中指出，“面向未来，我们期待看到更多独特且令人兴奋的 Rust 使用方式。这是一种非常强大、非常安全的语言。Rust 将在高质量软件套件的构建与协作领域发挥重要作用。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 是如何发展起来的"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare ，自称为职业编程语言工程师，从 2006 年开始开发名为 Rust 的程序语言。随后，Mozilla 开始表示对这门新的编程语言非常感兴趣，并于 2009 年开始赞助这个计划。Mozilla 当时的目的是希望利用 Rust 为 Firefox 构建一个新的浏览器内核。大多数浏览器，比如 Google Chrome、Safari 以及 Microsoft Edge，都是用 C++ 编写的，但是 Mozilla 对这种语言不满意，希望能用一个更强大的高并发性和高安全性编程语言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Mozilla 专门成立了一个团队来继续 Rust 的开发，并于 2010 年首次对外推出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他们为该编程语言打造了浏览器引擎，并设计了 Rust 编译器。Rust 编译器是一款免费和开源的编程软件，受 MIT 许可证和 Apache 许可证保护。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare 在 2012 年接受 InfoQ 的采访时解释说：“这是一个 MIT 授权的工作，所以任何人都可以随时随心所欲的参与到我们的工作中来的，无论是建立分支还是增加或修改代码。你也可以及时看到我们的工作进展，在 GitHub、邮件列表、IRC 服务、Wiki 和存档上它们全都是公开的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Graydon Hoare 同时强调，Rust 的目标人群就是那些纠结的 C++ 程序员。Rust 的内存管理模型可以防止变量为 Null，这避免了空指针异常导致的崩溃。Rust 程序员可以很自信的说：“你一定听说过‘"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651037429&idx=1&sn=b9b4893c3b50a0253c096721d106d917&chksm=bdbe66a68ac9efb066191db34f62bdb4df932df19ed435b6a3a0ec4fa8a34884a0914105e924&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十亿美元的错误"}]},{"type":"text","text":"’，但 Rust 不存在这样的问题”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但真正影响到的却又不仅仅是 C++ 程序员，自 2016 年起，据 Stack Overflow 开发者调查显示，由于许多开发人员开始更多选择 Rust 而不是 Java 来进行开发，Rust 语言开始成为人们关注的焦点，大家希望 Rust 不仅仅是构建浏览器引擎的语言。Rust 逐渐开始在游戏开发、嵌入式设备、Web 编程、网络、开发者工具以及其他软件领域发挥重要作用。根据微软 GitHub 上的数据，Rust 采用率在 2019 年增长了 235%，这也使其成为增长速度最快的编程语言之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开发者也对 Rust 表达了强烈的喜爱之情。在过去的五年中，Rust 在 StackOverflow 开发者调查最受欢迎的编程语言榜单中，一直位居榜首。在 2020 年开发者调查中，有 86.1 ％的开发人员正在使用该语言或相关技术进行开发，并且有兴趣继续使用该语言。这几乎是 C++ 收到的投票数量的两倍！在同一项调查中，美国本土的 Rust 开发者年薪中位数为 13 万美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/dd\/ddc7b72901954e37ab43048283f2ad17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技巨头们的 Rust 使用计划"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 8 月，Mozilla 因盈利问题解雇了 250 名员工，其中包括 Rust 项目和 Rust 社区的成员。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随后，一些 Rust 维护者加入了 Amazon 和 Facebook 等企业，领导他们新组建的 Rust 团队。Niko Matsakis 加入了亚马逊，Patrick Walton 加入了 Facebook，成为 Rust 团队的技术负责人。此外，Rust 基金会正在作为一个独立实体成立，但尚不清楚发起人是谁。目前的赞助商包括 Sentry、GitHub、Google Cloud、Amazon Web Services、Mozilla 和 Microsoft。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根据 Facebook 编程语言团队工程技术经理 Lee Howes 的介绍，刚刚成立三个月的 Facebook Rust 团队致力于“成为社区中的良好公民，并确保 Rust 整体发展为稳定的坚实社区，同时确保生态系统中的开源元素得到高度重视。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Facebook 公司目前正全面招聘 Rust 开发人员。虽然新的 Rust 团队目前规模还不大，但 Facebook 打算“慢慢来”。该团队将重点确保 Rust 语言与 Facebook 现有 C++ 代码相协调，构建代码库并提供用于支持系统顺利运行的 Rust 开源代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Howes 指出，Facebook 方面并没有刻意从 Mozilla 前员工群体内吸纳人才的想法。他表示，恰恰相反，Mozilla 只是碰巧吸引到行业中众多具有丰富经验的 Rust 人才。Howes 提到，“Mozilla 拥有一支强大的支持团队，而且与社区保持着良好交互。与之对应，Facebook 恰好需要一批拥有广泛且丰富经验的 Rust 开发者，最好是在 Facebook 自有代码库之外接触过更多其他项目。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与此同时，微软软件工程合伙人 Chris McKinsey 提到，他们也建立了专项团队以支持公司内部的 Rust 项目，并与该语言社区合作整理说明文档、开发工具等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"McKinsey 在一份声明中提到，“微软致力于为所有开发者提供以任何语言在任何平台上，通过任何设备构建软件成果的能力。微软高度重视安全性与信任问题，我们也乐于做出使用 Rust 构建安全、高性能软件系统的承诺。我们高度赞赏 Rust 语言社区的管理水平。Rust 语言忠实于自身发展目标，并由此建立起强大且活跃的技术社区。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在谷歌，自 Mozilla 投奔而来的 Goregaokar 目前正构建一套国际化 Rust 库，并有意继续投入该语言的开源项目开发中去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Goregaokar 解释道，谷歌之所以选择 Rust 语言，部分原因是它能够与其他语言轻松集成。搜索巨头还使用 Rust 语言构建了 Fuschia——这是一种全新操作系统，有望最终取代 Android。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Goregaokar 在采访中总结道，“如今，Rust 可谓无处不在。人们开始使用 Rust 编写 Web 服务，并使用它编写众多应用程序。更有不少企业使用 Rust 代码对应用中的特定部分进行加速。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延伸阅读："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2012\/10\/Interview-Rust","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/2012\/10\/Interview-Rust"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/facebook-amazon-microsoft-rust-mozilla-layoffs-2021-1","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/facebook-amazon-microsoft-rust-mozilla-layoffs-2021-1"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.gartner.com\/manjunath-bhat\/2021\/01\/03\/why-2021-will-be-a-rusty-year-for-system-programmers\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blogs.gartner.com\/manjunath-bhat\/2021\/01\/03\/why-2021-will-be-a-rusty-year-for-system-programmers\/"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5}}]}