縱觀20年間國外碼農的薪酬變化：漲幅下降，初級編碼崗大幅消失

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上有不少文章從編程語言、崗位、職級等與開發者息息相關的角度對程序員的薪酬做了分析。但時至今日，似乎鮮有對開發人員薪酬變動做回顧報告的，尤其是 20 年間的變化。本文主要參考美國勞工統計局發佈的數據，其中囊括全美各個年度最爲全面的相關信息。這段回顧從 2001 年起到 2019 年截止，隔年統計。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顧過去 20 年開發者薪酬變化的歷程，無疑是個有趣的議題。要對此開展研究，數據纔是最有力的語言。早在 2000 年初，技術與軟件曾經被稱爲“信息技術（IT）”或者“信息與通信技術（ICT）”，當時開發人員也被統稱爲“IT 人士”。至於如今人們耳熟能詳的很多細分專業，當時更是遠未出現。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2000 年，起薪 4 萬美元"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 CNN Money 當時發佈的報道，入門級計算機程序員的平均起薪爲 40800 美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"應屆畢業生的薪酬也根據具體學位而有所區別："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算機工程：49505 美元"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算機科學：48470 美元"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息科學：38900 美元"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信息管理系統：41800 美元"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於當時熟練的編程人員非常稀缺，IT 畢業生們在市場上的薪酬開始一路飆升。2000 年時的薪酬已經較上一年提高了 10%，而且除了信息科學專業的學生以外，其他相關專業畢業生的年薪已經遠高於全美平均的 39824 美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/c4\/c4d01f4823485a7822f6cf1d049d45c2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2000 年時的“IT 行業”與如今看起來頗爲不同"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下表所示爲 2000 年各行業中開發人員、程序員以及其他 IT 相關崗位的平均年薪："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/6a\/6a20e9833c1722ae545bcece2f0ca1e7.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001 年至 2011 年的十年變化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下圖所示，爲 2001 年至 2011 年的平均年薪與中位數年薪，包括："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算機與信息科學家"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"程序員"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"軟件工程師 - 應用程序"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"軟件工程師 - 系統軟件"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據庫管理員"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，各行業中不同職務的平均年薪與中位數年薪均存在着巨大差異，這表明各個部門內的 IT 人士“吸金能力”截然不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/13\/13d73d98ac1f63cefa5c7171170b7b97.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001 年至 2011 年，各行業開發人員年薪中位數"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/d7\/d7d269ad23f9b637a6a1c2a0630d72c0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001 年至 2011 年，各行業開發人員年薪平均數"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"21 世紀的第一個十年，美國先後經歷兩輪大規模經濟危機，也在全美乃至全球勞動力市場上引發了連帶影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001 年是互聯網泡沫破滅的一年。這一年，頭頂“互聯網”三個字就能賺錢的美夢終被驚醒，但從業者們的工資並未下降。不過企業的破產終究對勞動力市場構成衝擊，這一年有大約 40 萬名 IT 相關人士失去工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2008 年來臨的則是股市崩盤，與 2001 年的互聯網泡沫破滅類似，2008 年人力市場的薪酬水平相對穩定。但到 2009 年，約有 111000 名 IT 從業者丟掉了飯碗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與往年相比，2008 年也成爲薪酬漲勢放緩的一年。以往 IT 從業者每兩年薪酬就能平均增加 5000 美元。但從 2008 年開始，工資每兩年僅增加 2000 美元。總體來看，從 2001 年到 2011 年，IT 從業者們的平均薪酬增長了至少 21%。其中系統軟件工程師的工資漲幅最大，達到 35%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001 年至 2011 年全美 IT 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勞動力市場的薪酬變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面來看各 IT 相關職能崗位範圍內的中位數薪酬與平均薪酬："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算機與信息研究科學家"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算機與信息分析師"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"軟件開發人員與程序員（在 2019 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年的數據，因爲很難將應用程序開發者與系統開發者明確區分開來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"應用程序開發人員："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/fd\/fdf99b78e16fb3627bbeeb955ddec041.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 2001 年到 2017 年，從事應用程序類軟件開發工作的人數增長了 135%。在此期間，其年薪則增長達 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發佈的另一份調查報告提到，雖然從業經驗不足兩年的新手開發者薪酬有所下降，但三年以上從業者的薪酬卻有所上升。而且與其他崗位類似，開發人員的薪酬同樣會隨着經驗的積累而不斷上漲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/1b\/1bb7ffe98e105641e4f798bfe7f3168a.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"展望未來"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"着眼於未來幾年，行業專家們預計隨着新工具的逐步發展成熟，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"市場對編碼的需求可能快速減少，導致初級編碼及編程崗位大規模消失。"},{"type":"text","text":" 以負責構建網站的 Web 開發人員爲例，憑藉各類流行 CMS 工具（例如 WordPress 與 Squarespace），幾乎任何人都能夠幫助企業建立網站。在這樣的背景下，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“純前端 Web 開發”崗位可能將不復存在。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而隨着“基礎”編碼技能的需求被自動化技術所消滅，未來可能出現一系列涉及全新技能或者技能組合的新職位，市場對於現場專家及關鍵問題解決者的需求也永遠不會消失。要把握住時代的脈搏，答案只有一個：不斷適應、不斷學習新的技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/codesubmit.io\/blog\/the-evolution-of-developer-salaries\/#tracing-developer-salaries-in-america-from-2001-to-2019","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/codesubmit.io\/blog\/the-evolution-of-developer-salaries\/#tracing-developer-salaries-in-america-from-2001-to-2019"}]}]}]}