馬雲、馬斯克齊唱“螞蟻呀嘿”,這股風潮你跟上了嗎?

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“換臉”潮又來了"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"又一款App火遍全網,它能讓包括馬化騰、馬雲、馬斯克在內的名人“齊唱一曲”,並配有生動的表情,可以說相當魔性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這款App名叫Avatarify,已經連續好幾天登頂中國區App Store免費榜。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/9b\/0d\/9b2df3db16cbaccb8522b4c96cbfcc0d.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上,Avatarify並不是一款新推出的應用。據瞭解,Avatarify的創作者是一位開發人員,最初是因爲2020年疫情期間開視頻會議時覺得無聊,於是在去年4月左右做了這麼一個換臉開源項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當時該項目也登上了GitHub熱榜。據項目作者Ali Aliev介紹,Avatarify使用了當年3月份一篇arXiv論文的方法“First Order Motion”,無需事先對目標圖像進行任何訓練,就能用另一個人的視頻來替換自己的圖像。在使用Avatarify時,會藉助deepfake等技術,在想要交換的臉部圖像上對算法進行訓練。一般來說需要幾張你想要用的那個人的圖像,在目標圖像的相似類別上訓練算法即可,該模型也支持實時換臉操作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"項目地址:https:\/\/github.com\/alievk\/avatarify"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"幾個月後,開發者將它做成了App。直到最近,這款App才突然在中國火了起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Avatarify的玩法很簡單:只需導入手機中的圖像或實時拍一張照片,然後在Avatarify的素材庫中選擇需要使用的模版,選擇24fps或12fps的幀率後,就能夠一鍵生成Gif動圖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Deepfake換臉並不是新鮮概念,比如曾經曇花一現的“ZAO”,還有FaceApp、Reface等等都是基於Deepfake的應用,並且不少修圖App現今都具備類似功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這次Avatarify的爆火或許跟“螞蟻呀嘿”模版的魔性有關,洗腦BGM和隨BGM實時匹配的五官表情,確實挺讓人“上頭”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d0\/4a\/d07db1cb822fb053a1be5f9a3623bc4a.gif","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"老生常談的隱私和數據安全風險"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了純娛樂目的,最近還有公司推出了以“深度懷舊”(deep nostalgia)爲題的功能,可以將親人的照片加工,哪怕只有一張,也可以做成一段視頻,視頻中的親人可以向他們微笑、點頭和眨眼。這是近日由MyHeritage,一家供用戶研究家譜的網站所推出的新功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該功能由MyHeritage與以色列計算機視覺公司D-ID合作開發,D-ID CEO Gil Perry表示,人們現在可以“以過去絕對想象不到的方式來感知自己家遙遠過去的祖先”。他還表示,讓昔日人物重現是一個人們越來越感興趣的領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f5\/42\/f58bb10d549b8e3e23d0b00781f15842.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在合成媒體領域,我們自認爲是好人,爲了崇高的目的使用這項技術。”Gil Perry表示,D-ID對選擇什麼公司合作有嚴格的準則,而且其視頻上打有水印,顯示這些視頻爲人工合成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要注意的是,AI換臉系列軟件在供大衆娛樂的同時,如果涉及使用名人肖像,且存在商業用途則使用者將要承擔法律風險。比如此前日本有人在網上搜集公開的女明星DeepFake假視頻,並從中挑出比較有人氣的放在自己經營的免費猥褻視頻站,收取高額廣告費用,雖然視頻不是他做的,但此舉同樣會被當地警方已以名譽侵權罪起訴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面,提起“ZAO”,有些用戶或許還記得它當時引起的隱私安全問題。推出之時,其用戶協議、隱私政策和版權說明的相關規定,被指有過濫收集用戶信息和侵犯版權的嫌疑。不友好的用戶協議更使得該應用一夜之間從刷屏變成遭萬人指責。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當時“ZAO”的一條授權協議指出:用戶上傳發布內容後,即意味着同意授予ZAO及其關聯公司以及ZAO用戶在“全球範圍內完全免費、不可撤銷、永久、可轉授權和可再許可的權利”,“包括但不限於可以對用戶內容進行全部或部分的修改與編輯(如將短視頻中的人臉或者聲音換成另一個人的人臉或者聲音等)以及對修改前後的用戶內容進行信息網絡傳播以及《著作權法》規定的由著作權人享有的全部著作財產權利及鄰接權利”。因安全性存疑,該用戶協議被發現後立刻引發爭議,雖然ZAO後來悄悄修改了其用戶協議,以迴應用戶對其隱私泄露的質疑,但仍未能消除用戶對它的擔憂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"InfoQ留意到,Avatarify應用內有多處關於數據安全的提醒,並強調用戶的照片和視頻都不會上傳到雲端。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/39\/c8\/39471da888d74f23be1962bcfb5675c8.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Deepfake對大衆的影響"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於Deepfake引發假消息和假新聞氾濫的可能性,也是讓人擔憂的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當Deepfake在2017年首次流行起來時,它絕大多數被用於在互聯網論壇上生成名人的假色情作品。即使在2019年,根據Sensity的調查,96%的公開發布的Deepfake內容都是色情相關。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了色情作品外,各種各樣的網絡創作者還將Deepfake應用於其他形式的媒體,比如電影片段,個人不斷製作病毒式傳播的視頻,並將視頻中的演員面孔替換成其他影星。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而只要有一個Deepfake視頻在網上引起關注,就會有許多人發表評論說,他們擔心有人利用Deepfake來影響政治以達到邪惡目的。因爲在信息時代,人們很容易就可以在互聯網上散佈政敵的虛假新聞,而這些虛假新聞可以矇騙觀衆。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過計算機視覺工程師Eric Hofesmann認爲,雖然未來的媒體內容裏,Deepfake可能會產生可怕的錯誤信息。然而目前的技術還處於比較初級的階段,高質量的Deepfake仍需要大量的人工操作。而隨着Deepfake的改進,應對Deepfake的方法和算法也在不斷完善。至少在目前,更令人擔憂的是通過人工編輯的圖片和視頻來傳播錯誤信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"麻省理工學院研究員Matt Groh認爲,如果你認爲你可能看到的是Deepfake內容,那麼你應該特別仔細地觀察幾點:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"臉部:臉部的某些部位是否出現了“毛刺”?當他們說話時,他們的眉毛和麪部肌肉是否會動?他們的頭髮看起來是否自然地垂下?"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"音頻:音頻和人臉上的表情是否匹配?音頻中有沒有怪異的剪輯或跳躍,聽起來不自然?"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"光線:視頻中是否有部分光線與場景其他部分不匹配?在眼鏡之類的東西上看到反光了嗎?"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/U7jtW13wAskcH2Mpl918","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Deepfake 2020 發展報告:AI換臉術濫用肆無忌憚,但技術仍很“菜”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/841fb089-1e7f-45fd-a3d4-bc36f13ec1a5","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MyHeritage unveils AI tool that turns photos of dead relatives into videos"}]}]}]}
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章