當我們談數字化轉型時，我們在說什麼

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是數字化？說白了，就是使用數字化信息來使既定的工作方式更簡單、更高效。那什麼是數字化轉型呢？數字轉型的目的和核心都是實現業務轉型、創新和增長，而我們的基石就是數字化技術。因此，企業做數字化轉型，無非就三個目的：業務轉型、業務創新、企業增長。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是數字化轉型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自黨的十八大以來，習總書記指出：“世界經濟數字化轉型是大勢所趨，新的工業革命將深刻重塑人類社會”“要促進數字經濟和實體經濟深度融合”。隨着大數據、雲計算、人工智能等新一代信息技術的快速發展，正在催生出許多新的生產方式、產業形態、商業模式和經濟增長點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這樣的指導思想下，無論企業規模大小，幾乎所有企業都在談數字化轉型，似乎每場演講、每場高端論壇都離不開這一話題。數字化轉型熱詞被屢屢提及之餘，企業關於數字化轉型的思考也從未停止。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過往，企業將重要的信息和記錄都保存在紙上。在計算機成爲主流後，大多數企業開始將紙質版的記錄轉換爲數字計算機文件，這個過程被稱爲數字化。將紙質版信息數字化後，我們發現查找和共享資料時變得更加容易，數字化的業務效率比舊時的業務效率高出好幾倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着數字技術的發展，人們開始不滿足於效率幾倍的提升速度，而是想要更快、再快的效率提升。這時，數字化轉型的想法開始萌芽。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，究竟什麼是數字化轉型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實數字化轉型可以分爲兩部分內容來理解："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"數字化+轉型"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"那數字化轉型的目標又是什麼？答案顯而易見，目標肯定是轉型，而數字化，只是手段。"},{"type":"text","text":"分別弄清楚這兩個部分的概念，最後放在一起，就是最終的答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，什麼是數字化？說白了，就是使用數字化信息來使既定的工作方式更簡單、更高效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那轉型又是什麼？轉型意味着變化，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/bBowsHKWtbhEbaO6Cr9J9g","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上汽集團董事長陳虹在談及未來上汽數字化轉型發展"}]},{"type":"text","text":"時提到：要在四個層面上進行數字化改革："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"產品、製造、服務以及組織層面"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拆開來講，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一是推出數字化產品"},{"type":"text","text":"，將移動互聯網、大數據、人工智能、5G通訊等技術融合到產品中，讓產品成爲可交流互動、可迭代升級的智能體。以上汽爲例，上汽推出了首創互聯網汽車新品類，實現了數據的實時在線，累計銷量近200萬輛。今年年內，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上汽將發佈首款整艙交互5G量產SUV—榮威MARVEL-R，可實現AI輔助駕駛、AI泊車等智駕功能在高速公路、城區道路、停車場等場景的應用，並可實現OTA升級。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二是推進數字化製造"},{"type":"text","text":"。積極推進智能製造，上汽已建成乘用車臨港基地、新能源電驅系統寶山基地等多個整車及零部件智能製造標杆工廠。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"以武漢地區的汽車轉向系統工廠爲例，通過實施“黑燈車間”技術升級，今年疫情期間，在人員到崗不足2成的情況下，依靠自動化設備和數據在線系統，有效保障了生產工作的平穩高效，現場庫存下降85%，交付時間減少80%，產品合格率提升到99.9%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三是探索數字化服務。"},{"type":"text","text":"上汽網約車業務“享道出行”上線一年半，聚焦“長三角一體化”主航道，陸續在蘇州、寧波、杭州等多個城市運營，高峯時的日訂單近10萬單。新能源分時租賃、汽車生活服務、企業租車等業務，依託上汽人工智能數據平臺，不斷豐富產品功能，不斷提升服務體驗。大力推進數字營銷建設，加強線上\/線下的融合發展，在疫情高峯期間，推出了新品雲發佈、直播帶貨、虛擬展廳、送車上門等多種在線營銷手段，有效解決了用戶無法到店的問題，線上銷量提升30%以上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四是構建數字化組織"},{"type":"text","text":"。爲適應數字化轉型的要求，近兩年，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上汽陸續成立了人工智能、大數據、雲計算、網絡安全等四大中心。2020年初，上汽又專門成立了零束軟件分公司，加快打造1個架構（中央大腦和域控制器融合的整車電子電器架構）、2個平臺（軟件平臺和數據平臺）和1個體系（軟件開發體系），加快提升上汽“軟件定義汽車”的能力"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"綜合起來，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"數字化轉型就是利用數字化信息來使產品、服務、組織以及製造等層面的工作更簡單、更高效。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業爲什麼要做數字化轉型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"弄清楚了什麼是數字化轉型，接下來要思考的問題就是爲什麼企業要做數字化轉型？數字化轉型賦予企業的價值是什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"企業要做轉型，歸根結底就是想要降本增效，在競爭中處於不敗之地。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數字化轉型正在改變業務開展方式，在某些情況下，正在創造全新的業務類別。從內部系統到在線服務再到面對面和客戶的交互，通過數字化轉型，公司正在退後一步，重新審視他們所做的一切。現在，我們已牢牢地紮根於數字經濟時代，各種企業都在創造有效、且具有顛覆性的技術利用方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Netflix就是一個很好的例子。它最初在多國提供網絡視頻點播的OTT公司，並同時在美國國內經營實體視頻租賃業務。後來，數字創新使大規模流視頻成爲可能，Netflix則通過以極具競爭力的價格提供龐大的線上視頻資源庫，以及承接傳統的廣播和有線電視網絡服務而順利轉型。數字化使Netflix不僅能夠將視頻內容直流式傳輸給客戶，而且還能幫助Netflix獲得前所未有的客戶觀看習慣、喜愛偏好等數據，從而反向幫助Netflix更好地爲客戶服務，提升業務營收。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，可以明確的是：轉型的目的是通過持續的降本增效、最終使企業做新做大做強。而在這個過程中，數字化技術是核心手段，利用技術在企業生產、運營、管理的方方面面着手，去達到最終目的。隨着數字技術在我們日常生活中發揮越來越重要的作用，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"企業必須與時俱進"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，要弄清楚數字化和數字化轉型的驅動力是什麼？"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"業務變化的根源始於客戶"},{"type":"text","text":"。現代客戶的期望很大程度上是由數字技術和數字創新推動的。當客戶在其他地方看到新事物時，也希望從企業那裏獲得新事物。然而，如果你的企業無法提供這些服務，他們會找到其他可以提供服務的人。數字互聯後，客戶的選擇範圍比以往任何時候都要大，他們可以自由地從一個品牌轉移到另一個品牌，所需的精力也更少，這種情況之下，企業間的競爭也就更加激烈。從廣義上講，企業做數字化轉型的誘因很好理解："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"要麼跟上時代潮流順勢做強做大，要麼落後就等着被打"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業該如何進行數字化轉型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"說了這麼多，那麼到底數字化轉型怎麼做？企業在數字化轉型過程中的基石是什麼？數字化轉型是一個完整的業務轉型。說白了其中最重要的兩大因素就是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“技術”和“人”"},{"type":"text","text":"。企業轉型升級，這不僅涉及更新IT系統和應用程序，這更是企業員工和文化上的轉型，是對公司所有流程和做事方式的重新定義。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數字化轉型的關鍵要素是什麼？"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"是瞭解技術和人才的潛力"},{"type":"text","text":"。也就是就是我們要弄清楚幾個問題：技術真正有能力做什麼？技術上有哪些不足？企業轉型，需要什麼樣的數字化人才？員工要具備哪些能力才能助力企業完成轉型？這樣的員工該如何培養......"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就技術而言，一般可以通過以下三個方面爲業務賦能："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"IT賦能："},{"type":"text","text":"打造出輕量化\/服務化PaaS、企業應用系統容器化、一站式敏捷IT開發與運維；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"數據賦能："},{"type":"text","text":"實現數據智能數據歸一、數據統一治理與服務、數據實體化融合、數據資產化；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"AI賦能："},{"type":"text","text":"賦予企業智能，改變線性的人爲經驗決策，向基於大數據與算法模型的機器智能輔助決策，包括感知智能和認知智能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而就人才培養而言，首先我們要搞清楚，我們需要這些人來做什麼？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業轉型，需要什麼樣的數字化人才？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0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