數百次採訪後，我總結了2021年最好用的區塊鏈開發框架

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文最初發佈於Medium網站，經原作者授權由InfoQ中文站翻譯並分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能合約開發框架讓工程師可以部署和測試他們的智能合約，簡化他們的開發工作。我花了很多天時間來了解ConsenSys和Ethereum網站上推薦的每一個框架，想看看哪些框架是2021年最好用的。你可以在GitHub上看到我對"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/PatrickAlphaC\/smart-contract-frameworks?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些平臺的實驗"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不僅如此，我還對區塊鏈黑客馬拉松參與者做了幾百次採訪，並查閱了幾百個黑客馬拉松提交，想要找出哪些工具是性能最好、開發體驗最出色的。我自己也使用這些框架做了很多工作，想爲2021年做好準備。我爲大家做好了這期2021年優秀框架評選，這樣你就不用陷入選擇困難症了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文采用的標準很簡單。評選的框架需要："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"部署到一個本地區塊鏈"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進行快速有效的測試"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用Chainlink將一個智能合約部署到"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/kovan-testnet.github.io\/website\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"KovanTestnet"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三個標準很重要，因爲它讓我得以測試框架如何與其他軟件包交互和集成測試交互。從2021年開始，搭配"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/what-is-a-blockchain-oracle-f5ccab8dbd72?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"oracles"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和OpenZeppelin等第三方工具已經成了一項基本需求，所以最後一項標準就非常重要了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們將簡要介紹其他一些2021年你需要了解的重要工具，但本文不會涉及初學者工具，例如ETH錢包、以太坊客戶端或文本編輯器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"視頻簡介："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/motYF5daaOc?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/motYF5daaOc"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Top 4 智能合約開發框架"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總的來說，我將向所有人推薦三個智能合約開發框架。每種框架的風味都稍有不同，選擇它們的理由也略有差異。它們分別是："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat（JavaScript）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle（JavaScript）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie（Python）"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們來深入研究一下這幾個框架，談談你爲什麼要使用它們，爲什麼它們排在了名單的前列，以及其他值得注意的地方。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/hardhat.org\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/edJC32fVZFaPWRGP.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hardhat是目前最好的框架之一，有着同類競品中最快的測試、最好的教程和最簡單的集成。老實說，喜歡JS框架的人們遲早都應該試一試Hardhat。它真的很容易上手，測試飛快而且入門非常簡單。他們的Discord也一直在非常迅速地回答各種問題，因此如果你遇到了問題，總是很容易尋求幫助。他們使用Waffle和Ethers.js進行測試，這可以說是更好用的JavaScript智能合約框架，因爲它們相比web3.js做了一些非常不錯的改進。他們還可以與OpenZeppelin的可升級智能合約插件直接集成，這是一個很大的加分點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個項目給人一種很棒的感覺：它很乾淨。它能執行你想要的操作。它真的很快。這個項目正在不斷改進，顯然開發團隊正在努力讓智能合約開發人員的生活更加輕鬆。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小結"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ETH基金會資助的項目，以前是Builder"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術：Javascript、Web3.js和Ethers.js插件，OpenZeppelin可升級合約插件，Etherscan插件，區塊鏈分叉"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"區塊鏈：Hardhat運行時環境\/本地，測試網，主網"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有測試：Waffle"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"維護：非常活躍"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持：活躍"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.trufflesuite.com\/?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/4u5REZEYF6fLNYAO.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3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集成在一起。特別是Ganache，它是工程師運行本地區塊鏈的最流行方法之一。如果你需要更多工具，你可以花錢購買升級版的Truffle團隊帳戶，獲得智能合約的持續集成、可視化部署和監視功能。他們還可以與OpenZeppelin的可升級智能合約插件直接集成，這是一個很大的優勢。他們顯然是一羣有才華的工程師，都想要爲智能合約創造一個更美好的世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Truffle測試的運行速度不如Hardhat那樣快，並且由於前者的用戶數量衆多，支持獲取起來可能會很困難。自從Truffle被ConsenSys收購以來，我很期待看到他們將如何改善這個項目。他們的文檔質量似乎開始下降，讀起來可能會磕磕絆絆，但是如果你用谷歌搜索一下自己遇到的錯誤，很可能會找到曾經遇到這個錯誤並已解決它的例子。我發現改善項目的最佳方法之一就是在他們的GitHub上留一個問題。無論如何，讓生態系統不斷壯大是我們開源社區的職責！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲幾乎所有人都很熟悉它，因此獲得同行支持通常會很容易。我真的希望看到開發團隊在這個項目上獲得更多支持，畢竟他們有這麼多的用戶。我希望他們能看到本文並能努力改善項目文檔，讓它能繼續作爲測試和部署智能合約的首選平臺之一。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小結"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用最廣泛的平臺；最近被ConsenSys收購（2020年11月）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術：Javascript，Web3.js，OpenZeppelin可升級合約插件，Etherscan插件，區塊鏈分叉"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"區塊鏈：Ganache\/本地，測試網，主網"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有測試"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"維護：非常活躍"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持：活躍"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具有付費升級功能的開源項目"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/eth-brownie\/brownie?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie"}]}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/uploader.shimo.im\/f\/lsTCLuXkKrDAn3E4.PNG!thumbnail?fileGuid=8KPrYpQGXgPyrdQJ","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Brownie很大程度上受到了Truffle的啓發，前者基本上是後者的Python等效版本，並增加了一些體驗改進。這個項目起源於大多數Python工程師都同樣擁有的困惑：他們不喜歡JavaScript。由於它是用Python編寫的，因此避免了使用JavaScript帶來的許多麻煩，併爲大家帶來了一個簡單優秀的框架來處理和部署智能合約。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我自己就很喜歡Python，因此對這個項目的未來感到非常興奮，隨着採用率的提高，越來越多的項目正在使用Python和這個框架來部署他們的智能合約。我已經將Brownie用作了我的入門框架，用下來感覺非常不錯。我還同一些用它做更多事情的開發人員做過交流，他們真的非常優秀。Yearn.finance似乎也已經用上了這個框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你來自Python開發世界，或者想要一個非常簡單、乾淨的框架，那麼這一款就是爲你而生的，毫無疑問。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"還有一個框架！我知道我只提到了三個，但我認爲下面的框架也應該在這裏佔據一席之地。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小結"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最好的Python框架，由Yearn.finance等DeFi項目使用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術：Python，Web3.py，區塊鏈分叉，Etherscan插件，Vyper支持"}]}]},{"typ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