Armv9 終於來了，Arm 盯上了英特爾的“蛋糕”？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm 發佈了下一代芯片架構 Armv9，距離上一代芯片架構 Armv8 的推出，已經有 10 年時間。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今日，Arm 發佈了下一代芯片架構 Armv9，其建立在 Armv8 的基礎上，並支持向後兼容。v9 到 v8 不止是版本號的變化，更代表了背後的架構變革和功能更新，v9 專門引入了新的安全性、AI、信號處理和性能功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去的五年，全球已經出貨了超過 1000 億個基於 Arm 架構的芯片。Arm 公司表示：“未來十年，合作伙伴的出貨量將超過 3000 億。未來 5 年將有 1000 億臺 ARM 設備出貨，按照目前的速度，100% 的共享數據將在 ARM 芯片上處理，無論是在終端還是在雲端。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對於大家關心的 Armv9 商用的問題，Arm 也表示今年晚些時候就可以看到首批基於 Armv9 的芯片量產、面世。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9 的重大改進：人工智能和安全"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去的十年中，Arm 芯片架構的版本號一直停留在 v8。雖然 Arm 一直在基於 v8 做更新和修改，但相比之下，Armv9 的升級更有看點。Arm 的客戶業務營銷副總裁 Ian Smythe 表示：“新架構將在未來十年內改變我們進行計算的方式。我們將提供更高的性能，改善安全功能，並將增強工作負載功能，因爲我們看到了正在發生的計算方面的轉變。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/cb\/cba15e8d4c38d17b0a0ee73c35a2bcc8.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此次發佈的 Armv9 架構變革主要集中在人工智能和安全兩個方面。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 Arm 預測的數據：到 2020 年代中期，全球將有超過 80 億臺語音輔助設備，90% 的應用將包含 AI 元素。AI 工作負載無處不在，增強 CPU 的 AI 功能就變得十分重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早在幾年前，ARM 就推出了可擴展矢量擴展（SVE）, 當時是爲超級計算機的高性能計算解決方案設計的。而現在爲了實現更多的 AI 和數字信號處理（DSP）功能，Arm 推出了 SVE2，可以應用於圖像處理工作負載以及其他物聯網和智能家居解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，市面上有很多專用的 AI 芯片。但是在某些場景下，尤其是工作量比較小的場景，我們只需要針對這些工作負載優化整個計算堆棧，甚至在 CPU 中完成即可。SVE2 已經是 Armv9 的一部分，可用於更好的機器學習和數字信號處理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm 首席架構師 Richard Grisenthwaite 表示：“機器學習可能會出現在所有事物中，它可以在 CPU 中完成，在專用處理器、神經處理器中完成，也可以在 CPU 中完成。因此，如果讓這些不同的組件更好地進行機器學習是很重要的事情。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安全性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在安全性方面，Armv9 擁有了新的機密計算架構（CCA），可以基於硬件的安全環境保護數據，屏蔽數據的訪問。此外，Armv9 還引入了 Realms，應用程序可以在安全和非安全區域之外使用，將敏感數據和代碼與其它部分隔離開。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/ef\/ef22163c134c11bbc2b114ef693fef5c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm 首席架構師 Richard Grisenthwaite 表示：“Arm 機密計算架構所做的事情是令人擔憂的，因爲所有的計算都是在操作系統和管理程序的計算基礎架構上運行。它的代碼是非常複雜的，一旦出現問題，很可能會有連鎖反應。因此，我們正在移除一些工作負載，讓它在儘量小的代碼段上運行。只有 Realm Manager 才能真正在運行中查看到數據。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Arm 盯上了英特爾的“蛋糕”？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，Armv9 將使芯片製造商在未來兩代芯片中獲得 30% 的性能提升，它既可以適用於移動 CPU，也可以適用於大型雲計算供應商。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前在個人電腦和服務器處理器市場中，英特爾佔據着主導地位，但是隨着越來越多的公司使用 Arm 來設計自己的芯片，英特爾的市場份額正在不斷被侵蝕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9 架構在人工智能、安全性和性能方面獲得了更多的提升，可以更好的應用在智能手機、個人電腦和服務器等上面。三星電子 SoC 開發執行副總裁 Min Goo Kim 表示：“我們看到了 Armv9 新架構將爲下一代三星的 Exynos 移動處理器帶來更廣泛的創新。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着 Armv9 的量產和商用，未來 Arm 勢必會在個人電腦和服務器處理器市場中取得更多份額，與英特爾的競爭已經近在眼前了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2021\/03\/30\/all-hail-armv9-arm-launches-the-next-generation-of-its-processor-architecture\/"}]}]}