Arm最新架構不受美國出口管理條例約束,華爲有機會獲授權

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十年磨一劍,在3月31日舉辦的Arm Vision Day期間,Arm正式"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/pgfdOg3QhmDsjSY80xsF","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣佈推出Armv9架構"}]},{"type":"text","text":",這是十年來最新的Arm架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9架構是基於Armv8既往的基礎,並增添了針對矢量處理的DSP、機器學習、安全等這三個技術特性。據瞭解,基於Arm架構的芯片出貨量在持續加速,過去五年基於Arm架構的設備出貨量超過1000億。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在展望由AI定義的未來時,我們必須夯實先進的計算基礎,以應對未來的獨特挑戰。Armv9就是我們給出的答案。”Arm首席執行官Simon Segars表示,在通用計算所具備的經濟性、設計自由度和可及性的基礎上,市場需要普適專用、安全而強大的處理能力,這將驅動下一個3000億個基於Arm架構的芯片發展,而Armv9就是這些芯片的技術先驅。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當天,Arm相關高管接受媒體採訪,對"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Armv9架構與上一代Armv8的區別、是否會被摩爾定律影響、是否可以供給包括華爲在內的中國企業"},{"type":"text","text":"等多個問題作出解答。其中,關於與華爲的合作事宜,Arm市場營銷副總裁Ian Smythe迴應稱,“經過全面的審查,Arm確定其Armv9架構不受美國出口管理條例(EAR)的約束。Arm已將此通知美國政府相關部門,我們將繼續遵守美國商務部針對華爲及其附屬公司海思的指導方針。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未來幾個月,Arm將陸續介紹基於Armv9架構路線圖,搭載Armv9架構的芯片最快在2021年年底面世。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是經整理的部分QA紀要:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"受訪人:Arm高級副總裁、首席架構師兼技術院士Richard Grisenthwaite,Arm市場營銷副總裁Ian Smythe"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:相對Armv8的移動互聯特性,Armv9架構是否可以理解爲是針對數據處理的一種普適架構,請您概括一下它和Armv8架構最大的不同點是什麼?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:首先Armv9架構是基於Armv8既往成功的基礎,並增添了針對矢量處理的DSP、機器學習、安全等這三個技術特性。此外,Armv9一個很重要的特點就是可伸縮矢量擴展(SVE2),SVE2增強了對在CPU上本地運行的5G系統、虛擬和增強現實以及ML工作負載的處理能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在安全方面,Armv9引入的新的安全特性,因爲我們看到一直以來最大的威脅就是在安全領域,我們看到有很多發起的對系統的攻擊,這也是爲什麼在Armv9架構中我們也引入了像Arm機密計算架構(Confidential Compute Architecture, CCA)等安全相關的擴展功能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:針對高性能計算v9如何解決多核以及多核之間的通信延遲互聯問題。Armv9可以適用於小器件,比如說取代現在的Cortex-M架構?"},{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:這個問題可以分成兩個部分來回答。第一個部分,關於您提到的針對高性能計算多核之間互聯的問題,其實這個互聯問題並非架構本身的問題。我們看到其實有很多Arm的合作伙伴在高性能計算方面推出了許多的互聯的技術,比如說像Infiniband,還有富士通TofuD的互聯的技術,這些解決方案都可以在處理器跟芯片之間提供高帶寬和低延遲的表現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,我們也看到了一個趨勢——一個芯片上被嵌入更多數量的核,而從Arm架構來看,我們可以在一個芯片上支持數百個核。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於小器件相關的問題,我把它理解爲是移動以及物聯網的應用,其實Armv9架構是適用於Arm全系列的產品線。首先,在Armv9推出之後,我們將率先推出Armv9-A系列,針對安全、DSP、ML這三個重點的領域,接下來也會逐漸推出Armv9-M跟Armv9-R系列。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:Arm在算力方面達到的目標是什麼?是否會被現在現有摩爾定律影響或者是放緩?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:我認爲這個問題問得非常好,其實剛纔可能也聽到了,在主旨發言中我的同事Peter介紹說,Arm在新一代架構Armv9上將保持這個速度,預計未來兩代移動和基礎設施CPU的性能提升將超過30%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個數據是根據業界標準評測工具來衡量的,而且30%的算力提升完全是憑藉於本身的架構而不是藉助於製程工藝來實現。另外,隨着摩爾定律正在放緩,如同我的同事Peter在他的發言中也提到的,如何進一步提升算力呢?我們將通過最大化地提升頻率、帶寬、緩存大小、並減少內存延遲,以最大化CPU 性能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:Armv9架構是如何具體實現支持內存標籤擴展的?對於芯片廠商而言,這種創新能夠提供哪些增益?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:Arm內存標籤擴展可以用於一些長期存在於軟件中的頑固問題,比如緩存溢出和釋放後重用。通過提升軟件安全性並消除軟件中存在的問題,可以提高軟件在用戶層面的安全信任度,如此一來,用戶將更願意通過計算機來處理事情,從而將增加對Arm架構的芯片使用。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:請問採用Armv9架構的芯片產品預計在什麼時候能夠面市?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe:其實在Simon的介紹中已經有列出一些信息,我們會在未來幾個月陸續爲大家介紹基於Armv9架構路線圖。基本上來說,搭載Armv9架構的芯片最快在2021年年底就會面世。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:Arm稱Armv9架構未來將裝備3000億顆Arm芯片,這個數據是如何得到的?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe:首先,3000億顆Arm芯片是未來十年我們合作伙伴基於Arm技術的芯片的總出貨量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管這3000億顆並不完全基於Armv9架構,比如目前Arm的芯片主力均基於Armv8和Armv7架構,但我們將推動Armv9成爲我們的技術前沿架構,成爲未來科技發展的主要驅動力。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:Armv8架構的蓬勃發展在某種程度上借力了智能手機的發展,請問Armv9架構會依賴哪些應用來發展?其生態成熟需要多長時間?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:事實上,Armv8不僅被廣泛地應用在了智能手機上,在其他領域比如在服務器領域,以及越來越多被應用的筆記本和網絡設備領域中,都可以看到Armv8的身影。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9同樣也將會應用於上述所有領域,尤其是在服務器及汽車領域。在服務器領域中,我們看到,越來越多的雲計算廠商正在使用Arm的架構。在汽車領域,我們看到,像無人駕駛、車內智能等應用也用到了Arm架構。對於其他領域,比如在物聯網領域,Arm架構的使用也在逐漸被推廣。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:有人認爲Arm的指令集越來越複雜,這是否違反了經典指令的初衷?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:爲了解決一些新的問題,我們確實加入了一些看起來更加複雜的技術,但是Arm架構的精簡指令(RISC)核心沒有改變,我們依然遵循着註冊到註冊(registration to registration) 的操作原則,所以從硬件的角度來看,Arm指令集仍然保持着精益性。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:全新Armv9架構如何能夠保證與v8的兼容性?是否包括客戶已有的投資?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite:兼容性對於Arm十分重要,所以您問的這個問題很好。我們確保了在64位上的v8架構中的所有功能均將在v9架構中得到支持。此外,從應用的角度來說,v9架構也將支持在32位上的v8架構功能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提問:請問Arm V9架構是在英國開發的嗎?是否可以供給包括華爲在內的中國企業?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe:Arm既有源於美國的IP,也有非源於美國的IP。經過全面的審查,Arm確定其Armv9架構不受美國出口管理條例(EAR)的約束。Arm已將此通知美國政府相關部門,我們將繼續遵守美國商務部針對華爲及其附屬公司海思的指導方針。"}]}]}]}
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