Arm最新架构不受美国出口管理条例约束，华为有机会获授权

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十年磨一剑，在3月31日举办的Arm Vision Day期间，Arm正式"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/pgfdOg3QhmDsjSY80xsF","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣布推出Armv9架构"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，这是十年来最新的Arm架构。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9架构是基于Armv8既往的基础，并增添了针对矢量处理的DSP、机器学习、安全等这三个技术特性。据了解，基于Arm架构的芯片出货量在持续加速，过去五年基于Arm架构的设备出货量超过1000亿。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在展望由AI定义的未来时，我们必须夯实先进的计算基础，以应对未来的独特挑战。Armv9就是我们给出的答案。”Arm首席执行官Simon Segars表示，在通用计算所具备的经济性、设计自由度和可及性的基础上，市场需要普适专用、安全而强大的处理能力，这将驱动下一个3000亿个基于Arm架构的芯片发展，而Armv9就是这些芯片的技术先驱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当天，Arm相关高管接受媒体采访，对"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Armv9架构与上一代Armv8的区别、是否会被摩尔定律影响、是否可以供给包括华为在内的中国企业"},{"type":"text","text":"等多个问题作出解答。其中，关于与华为的合作事宜，Arm市场营销副总裁Ian Smythe回应称，“经过全面的审查，Arm确定其Armv9架构不受美国出口管理条例（EAR）的约束。Arm已将此通知美国政府相关部门，我们将继续遵守美国商务部针对华为及其附属公司海思的指导方针。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未来几个月，Arm将陆续介绍基于Armv9架构路线图，搭载Armv9架构的芯片最快在2021年年底面世。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是经整理的部分QA纪要："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"受访人：Arm高级副总裁、首席架构师兼技术院士Richard Grisenthwaite，Arm市场营销副总裁Ian Smythe"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：相对Armv8的移动互联特性，Armv9架构是否可以理解为是针对数据处理的一种普适架构，请您概括一下它和Armv8架构最大的不同点是什么？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：首先Armv9架构是基于Armv8既往成功的基础，并增添了针对矢量处理的DSP、机器学习、安全等这三个技术特性。此外，Armv9一个很重要的特点就是可伸缩矢量扩展（SVE2），SVE2增强了对在CPU上本地运行的5G系统、虚拟和增强现实以及ML工作负载的处理能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在安全方面，Armv9引入的新的安全特性，因为我们看到一直以来最大的威胁就是在安全领域，我们看到有很多发起的对系统的攻击，这也是为什么在Armv9架构中我们也引入了像Arm机密计算架构（Confidential Compute Architecture, CCA）等安全相关的扩展功能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：针对高性能计算v9如何解决多核以及多核之间的通信延迟互联问题。Armv9可以适用于小器件，比如说取代现在的Cortex-M架构？"},{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：这个问题可以分成两个部分来回答。第一个部分，关于您提到的针对高性能计算多核之间互联的问题，其实这个互联问题并非架构本身的问题。我们看到其实有很多Arm的合作伙伴在高性能计算方面推出了许多的互联的技术，比如说像Infiniband，还有富士通TofuD的互联的技术，这些解决方案都可以在处理器跟芯片之间提供高带宽和低延迟的表现。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，我们也看到了一个趋势——一个芯片上被嵌入更多数量的核，而从Arm架构来看，我们可以在一个芯片上支持数百个核。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关于小器件相关的问题，我把它理解为是移动以及物联网的应用，其实Armv9架构是适用于Arm全系列的产品线。首先，在Armv9推出之后，我们将率先推出Armv9-A系列，针对安全、DSP、ML这三个重点的领域，接下来也会逐渐推出Armv9-M跟Armv9-R系列。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：Arm在算力方面达到的目标是什么？是否会被现在现有摩尔定律影响或者是放缓？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：我认为这个问题问得非常好，其实刚才可能也听到了，在主旨发言中我的同事Peter介绍说，Arm在新一代架构Armv9上将保持这个速度，预计未来两代移动和基础设施CPU的性能提升将超过30%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个数据是根据业界标准评测工具来衡量的，而且30%的算力提升完全是凭借于本身的架构而不是借助于制程工艺来实现。另外，随着摩尔定律正在放缓，如同我的同事Peter在他的发言中也提到的，如何进一步提升算力呢？我们将通过最大化地提升频率、带宽、缓存大小、并减少内存延迟，以最大化CPU 性能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：Armv9架构是如何具体实现支持内存标签扩展的？对于芯片厂商而言，这种创新能够提供哪些增益？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：Arm内存标签扩展可以用于一些长期存在于软件中的顽固问题，比如缓存溢出和释放后重用。通过提升软件安全性并消除软件中存在的问题，可以提高软件在用户层面的安全信任度，如此一来，用户将更愿意通过计算机来处理事情，从而将增加对Arm架构的芯片使用。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：请问采用Armv9架构的芯片产品预计在什么时候能够面市？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe：其实在Simon的介绍中已经有列出一些信息，我们会在未来几个月陆续为大家介绍基于Armv9架构路线图。基本上来说，搭载Armv9架构的芯片最快在2021年年底就会面世。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：Arm称Armv9架构未来将装备3000亿颗Arm芯片，这个数据是如何得到的？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe：首先，3000亿颗Arm芯片是未来十年我们合作伙伴基于Arm技术的芯片的总出货量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尽管这3000亿颗并不完全基于Armv9架构，比如目前Arm的芯片主力均基于Armv8和Armv7架构，但我们将推动Armv9成为我们的技术前沿架构，成为未来科技发展的主要驱动力。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：Armv8架构的蓬勃发展在某种程度上借力了智能手机的发展，请问Armv9架构会依赖哪些应用来发展？其生态成熟需要多长时间？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：事实上，Armv8不仅被广泛地应用在了智能手机上，在其他领域比如在服务器领域，以及越来越多被应用的笔记本和网络设备领域中，都可以看到Armv8的身影。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Armv9同样也将会应用于上述所有领域，尤其是在服务器及汽车领域。在服务器领域中，我们看到，越来越多的云计算厂商正在使用Arm的架构。在汽车领域，我们看到，像无人驾驶、车内智能等应用也用到了Arm架构。对于其他领域，比如在物联网领域，Arm架构的使用也在逐渐被推广。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：有人认为Arm的指令集越来越复杂，这是否违反了经典指令的初衷？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：为了解决一些新的问题，我们确实加入了一些看起来更加复杂的技术，但是Arm架构的精简指令（RISC）核心没有改变，我们依然遵循着注册到注册(registration to registration) 的操作原则，所以从硬件的角度来看，Arm指令集仍然保持着精益性。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：全新Armv9架构如何能够保证与v8的兼容性？是否包括客户已有的投资？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Richard Grisenthwaite：兼容性对于Arm十分重要，所以您问的这个问题很好。我们确保了在64位上的v8架构中的所有功能均将在v9架构中得到支持。此外，从应用的角度来说，v9架构也将支持在32位上的v8架构功能。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"提问：请问Arm V9架构是在英国开发的吗？是否可以供给包括华为在内的中国企业？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ian Smythe：Arm既有源于美国的IP，也有非源于美国的IP。经过全面的审查，Arm确定其Armv9架构不受美国出口管理条例（EAR）的约束。Arm已将此通知美国政府相关部门，我们将继续遵守美国商务部针对华为及其附属公司海思的指导方针。"}]}]}]}