上雲之後,每年百萬成本竟然悄無聲息從指縫溜走(內附降本實戰經驗)

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前數字化轉型的大背景下,企業上雲已經是大勢所趨。一方面,企業上雲之後享受着雲服務帶來的便利和效率,與此同時,雲上成本浪費也越來越大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據全球雲管理服務廠商 RightScale 的一份調研報告顯示,當下企業級用戶雲支出的浪費高達30-35%。在費用支出方面,13%的企業每年在公有云上花費超過1200萬美元,而50%的企業每年花費超過120萬美元。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"以大部分企業的標準120萬美元計算,其一年的浪費爲36-42萬美元,按當前匯率計算約爲234-273萬元人民幣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此,在上雲和使用雲過程中,如何在實現業務增長的前提下,合理監測和管理雲上成本支出,成爲了非常值得研究和探討的問題,尤其是在疫情陰影沒有完全消散的當下,控制運營成本,保證現金流,是每個上雲企業必須思考的問題。本文將結合宏觀原則和公司自身的實踐給大家分享實戰經驗。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"構建雲成本監控和管理體系"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要管理好雲上成本,首先要構建完善的成本監控和管理體系。一般業內比較有代表性的做法是,根據事前規劃、事中分析和事後評估三個階段,分別制定各自階段的規則,需要注意的是,這三個階段不是獨立和割裂的,而是一個不斷完善的閉環體系。企業上雲前,對雲資源、雲架構的選擇就好比打地基,地基要打得穩,尤其是架構的規劃設計,需要充分考慮未來的擴展性,否則後續會花費巨大的人力和物力去不斷的修補甚至推倒重建。企業上雲後,雲上架構也需要靈活的調整,去適應企業業務的發展變化以及雲廠商性價比更高的產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/4d\/32\/4dd7b6f7c5c9260b916ff5024f063e32.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"來源:https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/weixin_42556618\/article\/details\/103314800"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事前規劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事前規劃需要制定上雲規劃標準、管控流程、雲資源的選型和雲架構的設計方案。這裏我們主要關注上雲規劃標準和管控流程。上雲規劃標準的出發點即爲節約成本,因此我們要從影響成本的主要因素下手,對症下藥,制定相應策略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲成本是用戶在特定時間內使用特定數量的雲資源或服務所產生的費用,像商品的成本一樣, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲資源成本由兩個變量決定:使用量和單價,計算公式爲:成本=用量*單價。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從用量角度看,用量在很多情況下跟時間相關,即用量是資源靜態數量與使用時長的乘積。因此企業可以從配額約束和時長約束兩方面着手,對資源創建的數量、配額和運行時長等指標設定標準,同時建立配套監控機制,規律性掃描各平臺上的資源,一旦發現違規資源及時通報和調整。如: "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"對日常測試的資源設置時長上限爲8小時,超時則發出郵件報警通知或直接關閉資源;對時長超過2周的資源設置事先申請和預算審批流程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單價角度,企業可以從區域約束、類型約束和價格約束三方面設定標準。要做好上述三方面約束,首先就是要了解各個雲平臺的產品單價和相應的折扣方案。瞭解折扣方案之後,即可整合各項規則,制定最優解。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如:在 AWS CN 平臺上寧夏區域的產品單價會比北京區域便宜,在無特殊區域限制下我們可以優先選擇寧夏區域。通過限定資源的區域、統一機器類型,以利用 RI (預留實例)來進行覆蓋進而獲取到單價折扣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前各個雲廠商都有各自的折扣方案,但大致包括以下類別,大家可以根據需要詳細瞭解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OD:On-demand Instances,按需實例。按量付費,根據實際使用的資源支付其對應的費用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RI:Reserved Instances,預留實例。預存一部分費用,可以在保證資源的同時拿到比較好的折扣。與按需實例和在特定可用區中預留實例相比,Amazon EC2 預留實例提供了相當大的折扣,最多可達72%。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Spot:Spot Instances,競價實例。和按需實例對比,競價實例通常是其價格的10-20%;和預留實例對比,競價實例通常是其價格的30-60%。一般來說,競價實例提供了大量節省雲資源費用的可能性。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Saving Plan:靈活的新折扣模式,是基於算力的統一機器池概念。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"管控流程的事前規劃也非常關鍵,如果所有用戶都可以購買雲資源或開啓雲服務,成本就無法有效得到管控。企業需要建立使用雲資源的標準流程,並安排專人處理資源申請、資源變更、資源續期和資源回收等需求。同時通過賬號、權限嚴格控制安全風險與成本風險。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事中規劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事中分析應該主要從成本節約角度來考慮。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"事前我們制定了雲資源使用規範,在事中我們主要對雲資源使用進行監控,對違規資源進行通知和整改。具體可以從資源、計費模式兩個角度來審查,"},{"type":"text","text":" 以下列出不同層面主要需要思考的問題,供大家參考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"資源層面:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"是否存在閒置雲資源?是否存在極低使用率的雲服務器、未掛載的雲硬盤?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CPU、內存、磁盤、帶寬的配置規格是否比峯值高出很多?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後付費資源有沒有設置峯值?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲上資源使用完畢後,有沒有忘記關閉,從而導致資源一直被計費?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"是否考慮了跨區域讀取寫入數據會產生高額的流量費用?"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計費模式層面:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"臨時測試和彈性伸縮用的按量付費資源,使用時是否開啓了停機不收費功能以保留數據並實現快速啓用?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"長期使用的資源,使用過程中是否做到及時優化?能否觀察資源負載後相應升級配置,或降低配置或釋放?"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發和測試所用的按量付費資源,非工作時間是否設置了自動啓停?"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事後分析"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事前規劃準備和事中資源監控並不夠支撐整個雲成本監控和管理體系,事後定期的成本統計分析也是重要一環。這個環節我們可以從多個維度做分析,作爲持續優化的依據。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一般來說我們可以分析年度的宏觀趨勢,再看季度,月度的趨勢,甚至細化到日;還可以按自身產品類別、使用的雲上資源類型做分析;最後還可以根據需求按所屬人、部門和項目分析成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體到實施,事後分析雲上成本可以通過 Tags 體系來實現,幾乎所有云廠商在雲資源上均有對應的 Tags 體系(如 AWS Tagging Strategies ),企業可以制定合理的 Tag 規範,對所有云上資源進行標記,以進行雲成本分析。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/05\/82\/057598051144e8756bd4e20dd281bd82.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"來源:https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/weixin_42556618\/article\/details\/103314800"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Kyligence 案列,“現身說法”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了更好地讓大家理解,筆者以公司自身使用雲資源的真實案列進行分析,分享如何根據實際業務類型,制定雲上資源的使用規範。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kyligence 雲上資源類型主要包括 Online Service 服務爲代表的長期資源、日常開發測試用到的臨時資源和階段性項目、POC 類的短期資源,通過賬單分析,以上各類資源佔比約爲3:5:2。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"對長期資源的成本優化比較簡單,我們直接通過採購RI進行覆蓋處理。從資源的佔比可以看出臨時、短期資源屬於“不確定性資源”,且佔比高,如何去優化這部分資源的使用成本,難度係數較大"},{"type":"text","text":" 。如不做優化,均按按需的計費模式,則價格昂貴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"理論上,RI 可以獲得最高72%的折扣,保證 RI 的利用率在60%以上,都屬於“賺到了”。據此,對這部分“不確認性資源”,我們可以通過控制 RI 的覆蓋率來進行成本優化。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"我們儘量讓 RI 高峯覆蓋率達到50%左右,日常覆蓋率處在80%左右,再使用一些 Saving Plan,同時配合使用 Spot 來應對每天突然的計算資源申請,基本可以達到理想的狀態,這也是我們目前探索出的最佳實踐。"},{"type":"text","text":" 如果有開發能力,企業可以開發一些工具,來合理的均衡 OD 與 Spot 比例,以進一步挖掘潛力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/e0\/20\/e0df2571418ebf50178239002e124c20.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"資源規劃示意圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"RI 使用小貼士:RI 具有三個靈活屬性:大小靈活性匹配、合併拆分和可轉換(CRI)。由於 RI 是針對某個區域的某個類型的節點, 因此儘量將機器的區域、機型限制在相同區域和相同機型系列,利用 RI 的靈活性,我們可以最大程度提高 RI 的覆蓋率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"舉例來說:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"場景一:假設您在北京區域購買了一個 m5.2xlarge 類型 OS 爲 Linux\/Unix 的標準 RI,並且您的賬戶在該區域有兩個 m5.xlarge 實例在運行 ,那麼兩個實例將完全匹配。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"場景二:假設在該區域有個 m5.4xlarge 實例(Linux\/Unix)在運行 ,且當前我有一個 m5.2xlarge 的標準 RI ,一個 m5.large 的標準 RI,這種場景下您的兩個 RI 能夠匹配到 m5.4xlarge 實例費用的75%,並且您只需再購買一個 m5.xlarge 的標準 RI,這樣就可以完全匹配,您無需重新購買 m5.4xlarge 的 RI。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/ee\/7d\/ee563430d03b1615734e3389a25c5a7d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/4a\/6c\/4ae216e0a9a92fa3728e12c56a26656c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"RI覆蓋率和利用率示意圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"以上解決了“單價”的問題。“用量”如何來減少?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未做資源監控之前,我們分析賬單時,發現很多資源未能及時關閉,甚至被遺忘導致整月被計費。公司隨之着手建立資源監控體系,而資源監控又依賴 Tags 體系。給資源添加 Tag 是一項非常重要的步驟,我們也相應制定了 Tag 使用規範,並建立了一套監控程序來檢查雲資源的 Tag 合規性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體而言,現在公司利用 Tag 的值來給資源進行分類、並限定時長。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"超過8小時以上的資源我們需要資源申請,並在 Tag 上標記資源的申請 ID。我們的監控程序定時掃描這些資源。如申請的資源 ID 超時了,該資源會被監控直接停止,同時發送提醒郵件。"},{"type":"text","text":" 這一套資源監控系統,不僅可以減少資源的浪費,同時提高用戶的節約意識。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司在2020年11月份開始執行雲上資源使用規範。對雲上資源進行規劃,設定資源監控報警,一段時間後,雲成本明顯下降。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/81\/79\/815c1dc2bd41c2350d4dfd6cb03f5f79.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Kyligence月費用趨勢圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,公司通過自己開發的 Flag 系統來對所有云平臺的成本按不同的維度進行分析, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Flag 系統是公司內部的數據分析平臺,部署在雲平臺 Azure 上,系統基於公司的產品 Kyligence Cloud 和 Kyligence Insight,用來展示公司各方面的運營數據,雲平臺成本分析也是其中之一。"},{"type":"text","text":" 以下是公司用來監測雲上成本的數據分析圖,供大家參考,分別爲:按服務類型進行成本分析、按部門費用分析成本、按Owner費用進行成本分析和按項目費用進行成本分析。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"各維度雲上成本分析圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/8d\/yy\/8d02bb3a6d98e6e566251d0aabeda1yy.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/ed\/2b\/ed57e8854550f29c425f640f30de502b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/56\/7a\/5680d6bd8b214589395fcf9a767a0d7a.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f2\/be\/f222f3b324c336e8fae7b3fc395d90be.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"羅馬不是一天建成的,同樣地,雲上成本監控與管理也是。從開始建立規範到使用時及時監控,再到使用後定期分析,每一個環節都是反覆迭代、持續優化的過程,沒法做到一勞永逸。在實踐中,我們也不能丟失初心, "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲上成本管控和優化並不是爲了降低成本而降低成本,而是爲了更好地服務業務,將最寶貴的資源用在刀刃上,助力企業在數字化轉型的浪潮中乘風破浪,勇往直前!"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文轉載自公衆號ApacheKylin(ID:apachekylin)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接"},{"type":"text","text":":"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIyNTIyNTYwOA==&mid=2651011160&idx=1&sn=471a945158f017f15f60989b56a4f3e4&chksm=f3f566bfc482efa9fbe7b223d0d1f5c16d722f7f1fbbc8fd4de0ac0d9a81dd4b5675fc3b9d8f&token=1145311544&lang=zh_CN#rd","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上雲之後,每年百萬成本竟然悄無聲息從指縫溜走(內附降本實戰經驗)"}]}]}]}
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