雲原生2.0進階：無所不及的全棧智能

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“雲原生”作爲雲計算時代的核心理念，以平滑遷移、快速開發以及穩定運維等技術優勢，逐漸成爲企業數字化轉型的基礎。近幾年，幾乎所有的雲產品都會搭上“雲原生”概念，只要一提到雲或者雲服務，自然就會提到雲原生，雲原生改造已是大勢所趨。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着雲原生技術的成熟和市場需求的升級，雲計算的發展也會步入新的階段。華爲雲去年在業界首次提出雲原生2.0，這是企業智能升級的新階段，致力於讓企業雲化從“ON Cloud”走向“IN Cloud”，目的是讓每一個企業都能成爲新雲原生企業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如此一來，一個被“IN Cloud”、“雲原生2.0”、“新雲原生企業”等詞彙圍繞的新語境似乎就此誕生。但我們更關心的是，雲原生的含義發生了什麼變化？它到底解決了什麼問題？企業數字化變革又會因此產生何種影響？4月8日，InfoQ受邀參加華爲雲TechWave全球技術峯會，並試圖從中找出上述問題的答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/43\/0c\/43ffee2ec38f93131a3d63f23d00b10c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邁進雲原生2.0"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是雲原生2.0？首先得從“1.0”說起。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據《雲原生2.0白皮書》，在企業數字化過程中，通常會面臨三個階段："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a4\/e3\/a4f435224a639f4bf18816835c69c9e3.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一是服務器階段，這是最早期的階段，特點是以設備爲中心，部署應用需要通過運維來協助裝機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二是雲化階段，以“資源”爲中心，是多數企業會停留的階段，實現了資源自動化，隨着在線應用場景越來越多樣化，會逐漸變成上百個應用，但僅僅通過人肉運維，根本無法正常處理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三是雲原生化階段，要從雲化階段升級過來，以“應用”爲中心，在這個過程企業需要思考如何進行有效的轉變。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從“雲化”到“雲原生化”的這個過程，也是企業數字化轉型深入的過程，需要解決傳統應用單體架構厚重、煙囪式架構等帶來的一系列應用層面的問題，雲對業務的價值不能僅停留在資源供給的階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而是需要讓業務能力生於雲、長於雲，同時基於雲構建的新生能力與既有能力有機協同。生於雲是指基於雲原生的技術、架構和服務來構建企業應用，長於雲是指充分利用雲的優勢來助力企業應用和業務發展，將企業的數字化建設、業務智能升級帶入新階段，這便是所謂的雲原生 2.0 時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於企業而言，雲原生 2.0 的主要意義可以用“資源高效、應用敏捷、業務智能、安全可信”這四個關鍵詞來概括。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1) 資源高效：通過對多元算力的支持，滿足不同應用場景的個性化算力需求；基於多雲治理和邊雲協同，打造高效、高可靠的分佈式泛在計算平臺，並構建包括容器、裸機、虛機、函數等多種形態的統一計算資源；以“應用”爲中心打造高效的資源調度和管理平臺，爲企業提供一鍵式部署、可感知應用的智能化調度，以及全方位監控與運維能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2) 應用敏捷：通過DevSecOps應用開發模式，實現應用的敏捷開發，提升業務應用的迭代速度，高效響應用戶需求，並保證全流程安全。對於服務的集成提供侵入和非侵入兩種模式輔助企業應用架構升級，同時實現新老應用的有機協同，立而不破。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3) 業務智能：幫助企業管理好數據，快速構建數據運營能力，實現數據的資產化沉澱和價值挖掘，並藉助一系列 AI 技術，再次賦能給企業應用，結合數據和 AI 的能力幫助企業實現業務的智能升級。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4) 安全可信：結合雲平臺全方位企業級安全服務和安全合規能力，保障企業應用在雲上安全構建，業務安全運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a3\/56\/a3529d1bd964970f23c7ed92404b4b56.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生 2.0 的參考架構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，從技術角度看，以容器、Kubernetes、微服務等爲代表的雲原生技術經過蓬勃發展，已經成爲賦能業務創新的重要推動力。從市場角度看，雲原生技術的應用場景也由一開始的以互聯網企業爲主，逐步擴大到金融、政府、工業製造等傳統行業，支持的業務場景也越來越豐富。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由此可見，雲原生 2.0 時代就如同我們所熟悉的“雲原生”，它並非一蹴而就，而是由技術和需求相輔相成而來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全棧雲原生技術持續升級"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.0 時代的雲原生是IN Cloud，也意味着將雲原生技術深植於雲上架構之中，而企業的雲基礎設施、泛在應用和架構升級都將因此改變。華爲雲CTO張宇昕表示，全面雲化和全棧智能是實現企業數字化治理的基石。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去幾年中，華爲通過與多個行業客戶深入溝通後發現，業內普遍存在兩方面的訴求："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一是業務訴求，業務需要敏捷創新、快速上線；"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二治理訴求，比如政府有省市區縣多層級的組織，需要統一的資源管理；金融行業多類型數據間，既有數據隔離、本地留存的訴求，又需要進行統一的數據分析；汽車行業需要OT與IT業務互通，而OT業務對時延又很敏感。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面對這些訴求，當前的集中式建設的雲難以滿足，華爲雲認爲，分佈式雲 x 雲原生是實現全面雲化和全棧智能的最佳架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從下圖來看，華爲雲的分佈式雲基礎設施包含中心Region、智能邊緣雲IEC、專屬Region、智能邊緣小站IES和智能邊緣平臺IEF，覆蓋範圍從核心區域，到熱點區域，再到企業本地的數據中心，乃至車間和網點等業務現場，讓雲延伸到業務所需的位置，由此來應對企業全面雲化所面臨的多地部署、多類型業務、複雜的組織層級等挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/bd\/c0\/bd42e7fb83df7e455c2c195cf9287bc0.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲分佈式雲基礎設施的全景圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，智能邊緣雲將可以更好地滿足客戶就近接入及穩定低時延訴求。而智能邊緣小站IES，可以把雲服務延伸到企業數據中心，滿足數據本地化和極低時延的要求。值得一提的是，智能邊緣小站IES已正式商用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在網絡方面，華爲雲通過LocalGateway、EdgeGateway和安全VPC三大關鍵技術構建了分佈式雲的一張網，實現了企業多種組網環境之間的高效互通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於分佈式雲來講，要實現無差別體驗，一致的運行環境是非常關鍵的能力。該問題可分成兩方面看：首先是開發環境，需要做到一次開發，一次發佈，全網部署；其次是運行和部署環境的一致性，需要在任一地部署，可以實現全網訪問。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最典型的方案是，比如企業Web和數據庫業務可部署在企業本地，來滿足數據本地化、低時延和日常訪問的訴求；而當出現業務流量洪峯時，也可快速彈性至中心Region，同時Web應用可訪問本地數據庫，實現業務在中心Region和邊緣的高效協同。這些能力的實現均需基於一致的架構，即擎天架構，提供了一致的API、一致的工具、一致的實例以及一致的規格。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着企業核心業務雲原生化的深入，鏡像部署效率低、運維難度大、服務治理效率低等挑戰依然存在。因此，除了分佈式雲方面的創新，華爲雲也同步了雲原生領域的進展，通過對華爲雲基礎設施的持續創新，以進一步解決上述難題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，通過對容器鏡像倉庫的升級，實現鏡像快速部署、業務高效彈性；同時發佈容器洞察引擎，實現應用健康的全景可觀測；最後發佈雲原生服務中心（OSC），實現雲原生服務全生命週期的統一治理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“不停服”割接"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"評判雲原生創新和落地的最好標準，是企業用戶應用後的整體效果。雲原生2.0所強調的“立而不破”，同樣體現在很多行業內頭部企業的應用實踐中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以新電商基礎設施提供商夢餉集團爲例，成立三年以來，該公司平臺擁有超 200 萬註冊店主，累計幫助一萬多家品牌商銷售近4億件商品。但隨着業務的飛速增長，其雲消耗量每年都增長2～3倍。因此，在成本控制、彈性能力以及開發效率上都面臨着挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"電商行業是一個24小時不打烊的行業。對於電商行業來說，系統的實時監控和預警，以及自我恢復能力是至關重要的。爲了支撐公司未來兩年營收與用戶量數倍增長的目標，通過單元化實現可水平伸縮的彈性架構，滿足公司多樣化、個性化的去中心化商業模式需求以及優化IT運維成本，夢餉集團需要找一個更契合公司未來發展戰略的“雲”合作伙伴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在選擇了華爲雲的雲原生方案之後，夢餉集團已經能彈性地應對流量洪峯，同時也節省了使用成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"夢餉集團 CTO 鍾浩表示，“從雲服務器到存儲，從數據庫服務實例，到大數據業務，在整個割接項目過程中，華爲云爲我們投入了大量人力和資源，甚至做到了不停服割接，就好比一架載滿乘客的飛機，在高速飛行中，悄悄地就替換了引擎。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"夢餉集團還採納了以ModelArts爲代表的一系列人工智能服務，藉助華爲雲ModelArts的開源優勢，可以大幅提升研發自主性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"類似的案例還有不少。比如深交所基於華爲雲容器引擎打造了高效的雲原生基礎設施和統一的計算與存儲資源池，並將現有應用升級爲雲原生架構，提升了OA等應用系統的交付效率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"順豐“快遞+”也使用了華爲云云原生解決方案，保障120套應用系統全面上雲；全流程雲原生DevOps平臺，研發系統從需求設計到上線端到端線上化，全流程上線時間從2天縮短到1小時，效率得到大幅提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業的業務場景複雜，隨着業務需求的升級，對雲原生技術和產品的需求必將更深更廣。華爲雲方面表示，將持續從企業實際的需求出發、爲企業提供創新的、持續演進的全棧雲原生產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/e6\/cc\/e6b53b7f680e3fd8895185b0bee402cc.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生態點線成面"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"繼在業內首次提出雲原生2.0之後，爲進一步幫助企業理解和規劃雲原生 2.0 的實踐落地，華爲雲聯合中國信通院共同編寫併發布了《雲原生2.0白皮書》，結合中國信通院在雲原生產業的洞察及總結，沉澱華爲雲在雲原生技術和服務政企多年經驗積累，全面闡釋雲原生 2.0 核心理念及特點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進一步觀察市面上的頭部雲廠商，我們會發現其雲原生的研究和佈局有一些共性：軟件層面 K8s 已經很成熟，重心將放在如何將軟件硬件結合，更好地發揮優勢；逐步過渡到多雲化管理，多雲化的管理已經成爲了剛需；開始推廣基於Opreator的框架和社區。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這樣的背景下，華爲也持續投入雲原生社區，華爲聯合 CNCF（雲原生計算基金會）、中國信通院及業界雲原生技術精英們成立創原會，這是全球化雲原生交流平臺，旨在通過探索前沿雲原生技術、共享產業落地實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了在社區上的一些舉動，華爲還積極參與開源工作，比如開源了批量計算項目 Volcano，它能廣泛應用於批量計算場景，比如華爲雲開放的智能邊緣項目KubeEdge，也已經成了主流的開源邊緣計算軟件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何讓雲原生根植於每一個行業的架構之中，我們或許在雲原生 2.0 時代能找到答案。"}]}]}