低代碼開發平臺混戰：如何區分“李逵”和“李鬼”？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今天我們用大衆聽得懂的語言，好好說一說低代碼。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這兩年，無論是資本層面，還是企業IT部門的關注，“低代碼”都是絕對的熱點。互聯網圈也似在一夜之間冒出了各種各樣的低代碼公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到底什麼是低代碼？低代碼是新技術麼？低代碼開發能給企業帶來什麼價值？企業如何使用低代碼？哪些平臺是真的低代碼哪些是渾水摸魚蹭熱點？我們今天一次性說明白。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到底什麼是低代碼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“低代碼”按字面意思可以通俗理解爲“比正常應用開發要少寫代碼”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們來梳理一下“低代碼”開發平臺的使用價值："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1、可以“在雲上”開發“CloudNative雲原生的應用”；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2、怎麼在雲上開發呢？用可視化甚至所見即所得的方式，通過拖拽式開發；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在雲上用拖拽可視化開發什麼樣的雲原生應用？以移動端爲主的“個性化應用”，需要涵蓋後端和PC端管理能力；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4、開發出的應用特點？往往是業務部門發起的、要快速上線並且整體應用生命週期不超過一年的周邊型應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結下來，對低代碼的主流定義就是："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"爲滿足企業業務部門發起的移動端爲主的中小應用的需求，用可視化拖拽式和少量代碼就可以快速在雲上開發的雲原生應用，這種雲端平臺通常稱爲低代碼開發平臺。"},{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業如何使用低代碼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"瞭解了到底什麼是低代碼，我們就可以很好地指導企業使用低代碼。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建議一：如果你想開發一個OA或者ERP，你還是別用低代碼了"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}}],"text":"早在2016年Gartner發佈了企業軟件的三種分類模式報告，其中《速度分層應用報告》中將企業應用分成了三種類型：基礎設施型（如ERP）、差異化型（如CRM）、創新型（如移動端各種應用）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}}],"text":"前面兩種都是企業傳統IT涵蓋的領域，由傳統IT人員維護和主導的固有IT模式。隨着企業互聯網化的程度越來越深，第三種創新型應用需求快速增長，也就是以業務部門發起的非傳統IT主導的應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}}],"text":"這些應用有“互聯網屬性”“在雲上”“上線週期短”“實驗性”“生命週期短”“需求不確定”“傳統IT部門不願意接的燙手山芋”等特點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"低代碼平臺出現的核心是滿足這些開發需求，而不是去搶OA、CRM甚至ERP的市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"table","data":{"content":"

	基礎設施型	差異化型	創新型
應用特點	可靠、不需要頻繁變更、6-12個月更新一次	可配置式的，每3-6個月更新修改一次	快速開發、試錯屬性、個性化、每週甚至每天修改
生命週期	10年+	1-3年	0-12個月
實施週期	7年上下	1-2年	最多6個月
代表類型	ERP	OA、CRM	小程序、APP、H5"}}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}}],"text":"只有分辨好企業應用的類型，纔可以判斷企業哪些應用可以用低代碼開發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#00000A","name":"user"}}],"text":"建議二：企業需要低代碼開發人員，但不能指望業務部門開發低代碼"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國外的低代碼開始火的時候有一個美好願景，希望Citizen Developer（公民開發者）即沒技術背景的業務部門人員，可以使用低代碼平臺開發企業創新型應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是現實很骨感，哪怕有英語優勢可以理解計算機代碼，也不可能出現業務人員就能開發的應用。畢竟低代碼不是無代碼，還是有相當多的編碼和技術需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"讓IT部門使用低代碼開發平臺幫助業務部門開發創新型應用，聽起來合理，實際也存在"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"很大的悖論"},{"type":"text","text":"。因爲IT部門已經有很多成熟的可以爲程序員提升開發效率的工具和系統，沒必要再用一個新的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"何況， “正經”的程序員也不希望使用一套“看似替自己幹活實際要革掉自己職業生涯命”的工具，讓自己的開發技術得不到提高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"業務部門的需求是現實的，固有IT團隊不願意接這些周邊的創新型應用也是真的。正因如此低代碼開發平臺應運而生，而低代碼平臺往往是“業務部門自己的預算去找新的人員（內部或者外部）來滿足這些創新型應用的開發需求”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從這個角度看，低代碼開發平臺一定要具備大量的成熟開發者，否則根本無法解決用戶需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，對於低代碼開發平臺廠商而言，打造自己的“低代碼開發生態”就是核心要務了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這個混戰的低代碼江湖，如何區分“李逵”和“李鬼”？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實很有意思，研究國外的低代碼領導型公司，就會發現所有領導型的公司都是很"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“老”"},{"type":"text","text":"的公司，基本沒有新設立的公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些公司以前都有自己的核心能力。如Outsystems、Mendix之前主要是做BPM（工作流），Kony之前主要是做MADP（移動開發平臺），Microsoft、SAP低代碼開發的核心都是以前的aPaaS和MADP的重組。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可見國外的低代碼開發平臺並不是全新的創新型技術，而是基於既有技術基礎的新模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也就是把基於BPM的流程化、可視化和aPaaS的組件化雲原生以及MADP快速開發跨平臺移動互聯網創新應用組合在一起，而形成的主流的LowCode低代碼平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼公司是不是具備BMP、MADP、aPaaS這三個重要基因中的至少一個，是評判該平臺是否爲低代碼公司的重要標準。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“低代碼”顧名思義就是“比正常應用開發要少寫代碼”。但不是所有能省代碼的開發方式都可以叫“低代碼”，真正的低代碼要有一些必備的特質。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"縱觀盤踞Forrester和Gartner低代碼測評領導者角色的平臺如Outsystems、Mendix、Appian和Kony等國外知名公司對自己產品的定義，總結下來，低代碼開發平臺"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"必須具備"},{"type":"text","text":"的核心要素叫“3+1” ："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"ori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