英偉達推出首個 CPU,基於 ARM 架構主攻巨型 AI,性能超 x86 十倍

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當今最大的 AI 模型包括數十億個參數,並且每兩個半月就會翻一番。訓練它們需要一個新的 CPU,可以與 GPU 緊密結合,以消除系統瓶頸。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以 Grace 爲代表的 CPU 產品性能大幅提高"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"北京時間 4 月 13 日凌晨,英偉達在 GCT 2021 大會上宣佈了 Grace、BlueField-3 DPU,還有用於自動駕駛的汽車 SoC 芯片三款處理器,均基於 Arm 架構打造。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中最引人矚目的當屬名爲 Grace 的 CPU 產品,這款產品主要爲現代數據中心設計。這是英偉達首款服務器 CPU。英偉達認爲,AI 模型的數據量和規模正在成倍增長。當今最大的 AI 模型包括數十億個參數,並且每兩個半月就會翻一番。訓練它們需要一個新的 CPU,可以與 GPU 緊密結合,以消除系統瓶頸。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Grace 名字來自於計算機科學家 Grace Hopper,她曾是哈佛首批 Mark 1 程序員,並且發明了第一個鏈接器。據瞭解,Grace 芯片基於 Arm 打造,內置 Arm Neoverse 核心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Grace 整個 SoC 由多個芯片組合構成,它主要有三個部分,分別是 CPU、GPU 和內存 \/IO 子系統。英偉達表示,Grace CPU 將能夠在 SPECrate2017_Int_base 中提供 300 分以上的成績。對於這樣的跑分,英偉達宣稱 Grace 的性能基礎是第四代 NVIDIA NVLink 互連技術,該技術在 Grace 和 NVIDIA GPU 之間連接速度超過 900GB\/s,相當於目前服務器 14 倍的帶寬;從 CPU 到 CPU 的速度超過 600GB\/s。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據英偉達官方透露,Grace 還將採用 LPDDR5x 內存子系統,與 DDR4 內存相比,可提供兩倍的帶寬和 10 倍的能效,也就意味着,如果服務器使用這款 CPU,那麼整套系統可以提供相較於 x86 CPU 的最新 NVIDIA DGX 快 10 倍的性能。此外,新的架構提供了統一的緩存一致性和單一的內存地址空間,將系統和 HBM GPU 內存結合在一起,簡化了可編程性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Grace 發佈尾聲,英偉達透露,Grace 將得到 NVIDIA HPC 軟件開發包和全套 CUDA 和 CUDA-X 庫的支持,這些庫可以加速超過 2000 個 GPU 應用,加快科學家和研究人員對世界上最重要挑戰的發現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GraceCPU 預計將於 2023 年初上市,瑞士國家超級計算機中心(CSCS)和美國能源部的洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室(Los Alamos National Laboratory)將率先建造 NVIDIA CPU 驅動的超級計算機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩大 AI 框架應對網絡安全和語音對話需求"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今,網絡安全已經成爲每個企業乃至國家安全的重要防線。爲了促進網絡安全合作伙伴擁有檢測和緩解網絡安全攻擊的 AI 技能,英偉達發佈了一個“雲原生”應用框架—Morpheus。Morpheus 運行時可以讓網絡中的計算節點充當傳感器,對網絡安全威脅進行監測,以作出自主響應。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Morpheus 內置機器學習模塊,開發者可以使用深度學習模型創建自己的 Morpheus 技能,以此爲基礎,Morpheus 可以更加智能地識別、捕獲威脅和異常情況,包括敏感數據的泄露、網絡釣魚企圖和惡意軟件,並對其採取行動。與傳統網絡安全框架相比,Morpheus 可以在同等投入下分析更多安全數據,且不會影響其性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 Morpheus,同樣引人矚目的 AI 框架還有 Jarvis。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在疫情大背景下,語音消息成爲企業間相互聯繫,甚至是生活中線上溝通最常用的方式。爲了應對日益增長的語音消息傳遞需求,英偉達宣佈對話式 AI 框架 Jarvis 開始提供對手機和消息的普遍適用性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單來說,Jarvis 爲開發人員提供預先訓練的 AI 模型和軟件工具,以創建交互式對話體驗。據瞭解,Jarvis 模型的預覽版在 2020 年 5 月首次推出,可爲對話代理提供自動語音識別,語言理解、實時語言翻譯和文本轉換語音功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此前相比,此次發佈新版本的主要特性在於,該框架爲更多開發人員開放了預先訓練的開發模型和軟件工具。據瞭解,Jarvis 的模型訓練投入了超過 10 億頁的文本和超過 6 萬小時的語音,如今,這些模型可以通過自定義數據進行調整、優化、微調,同時還能根據不同的任務、行業和系統進行定製,具有更優秀的普適性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113887.htm?fileGuid=vHgwwvvTPxrrxJth","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113887.htm"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113901.htm?fileGuid=vHgwwvvTPxrrxJth","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113901.htm"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113891.htm?fileGuid=vHgwwvvTPxrrxJth","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.cnbeta.com\/articles\/tech\/1113891.htm"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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