3年迭代一次技術棧：我們程序員，爲啥跑不贏行業？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"C 、C++、Go、Swift……差不多每 6 - 8 年會出現一輪新的、具備影響力的靜態語言，“這是生產力迭代的象徵”，許式偉在 2021 ECUG Con 上如是說。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而編程語言的迭代只是個縮影，這樣的迭代速度，正變本加厲地深入各個行業與技術維度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 Web 2.0 到互聯網 +，技術賦能的形式在飛速迭代，幾乎每 3 年就有新的概念走向成熟，技術棧也隨之發生變更；具體到某一技術領域，比如前端，速度更爲嚇人，差不多每 18 個月就會有一次更新迭代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種更迭速度導致的最直觀的一個結果是，技術棧更新飛快，開發者開始變得無所適從。比如在 2015 年，CNCF 成立，雲原生 12 要素出現，雲計算進入新的發展階段，傳統運維崗位的需求量迅速萎縮。僅在 2019 年，中國已開始應用雲計算技術的企業佔比就達到了 66.10%，2020 疫情的到來又大大加速了企業上雲進程。到今天，運維人員大量轉型 DevOps 工程師、技術運營、解決方案架構師，所需的技術棧幾乎變了一半。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣的例子幾乎比比皆是，AI 和輕代碼 \/ 無代碼的先後興起，就是以上變化規律的具現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果沒有意識到這一點，就很難預估行業變化的趨勢和方向。許多人會耗費多年時間，追逐看似時髦的技術框架，而對個人成長的核心能力和邊界能力一無所知。這是一種具有很強麻痹作用的隨波逐流，也是帶有很大自我欺騙色彩的“假性勤奮”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但開發者能做的，絕不僅止於此。產業和技術變遷的本質，其實有跡可循，簡單說，可以分爲三大要點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對外部環境有認知：熟悉重要的產業政策和方向；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對個人成長有認知：清楚自身能力成長的邊界和“臺階”；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結合以上兩點，形成決策閉環。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021，從政策到個人的決策閉環"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對外部環境有認知，是指要對大的政策和方向有敏感度，能感知到行業、產業利好趨勢的變化和調整。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對個人成長有認知，指的是開發者不僅要學習，而且要聰明的學習，能夠知悉標誌性的成長拐點，以及在成長的各個階段，可以尋求的外部幫助。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用外部大方向指導自己選擇行業，用行業指導自己選擇核心技術方向，再通過核心技術方向倒推成長路徑，這就形成了決策上的閉環。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了能更具體、形象地說明這一決策鏈條，InfoQ 聯合華爲雲共同發佈了《產業開發者成長圖譜》，下面我們以此爲例，做詳細解讀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/b9\/b9cd0e285db4111ad6a7192c7a50e1f7.webp","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"產業開發者成長圖譜"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該成長圖譜描繪了開發者在產業生態中獲取扶持資源、不斷進階，最終實現跨臺階成長的一條通路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在橫向維度，我們列舉了衆多重點解決方案場景和相關產業，上接政策，下接產品，力爭將通路具像化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在縱向維度，圖譜通過開發者在企業裏擔任的不同職位來反映個人成長的階段。因爲更高崗位往往對開發者有着更高的要求，也意味着要承擔更大的責任，實現不同維度的個人和團隊價值。因此，每一次晉升都是一種成長。比如，軟件開發工程師爲代碼、爲項目負責，技術專家、技術 VP 則要爲行業性的解決方案和最終效果負責。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，不同崗位的開發者在產業生態中又處於不同的位置，可以獲得相應的扶持資源。如成長圖譜所示，產業生態可大致分爲五層：技術產品、場景化解決方案、數字經濟重點產業、商業使能和政策扶持與引導。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎開發者以使用技術爲主，對應技術產品層；技術專家或技術 VP 需要深入理解公司業務，通過技術、產品和服務的組合提供解決方案，對應場景化解決方案層；CTO 或 CEO 主要關注公司業務、商業模式和產業發展，對應產業層。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從成長圖譜中，我們可以看到開發者成長的清晰路徑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者從高校學生起步，成長的下一個標誌是“工程師”。作爲技術產品的接觸者和直接使用者，高校學生可以通過使用華爲雲的創新技術產品開發應用，提升自己，從而擁有更高的技術能力。在這個過程中，通過利用華爲提供的扶持資源（比如參加在線培訓課程、沙箱實驗等），他可以瞭解、學習和掌握新技術，從而爲成爲工程師打下堅實的基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開發者成爲工程師後，成長的標誌則變更爲“資深工程師”，當然，在不同職級體系下，具體崗位名稱可能有所區別，但這不影響對路徑的推導。在這一階段，他可以參加華爲提供的沙箱實驗，根據詳細的實驗手冊，模擬真實場景，體驗真實雲場景，比如，利用 AI 開發服務 ModelArts 實現花卉圖像分類。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要成爲技術專家，則需要既懂技術，又要深入理解公司業務，深耕整個行業的技術方向，通過技術、產品和服務爲客戶提供場景化的解決方案。更重要的是，技術專家要開始探索技術的商業閉環，這就需要有頭部公司，主動將培育充分的商業土壤開放給技術專家，以充分驗證技術的商業價值。華爲恰恰擁有也正在開放這樣的能力，此外，通過參加華爲組織的技術大會，開發者也可以認識更優秀的技術人才，與其他技術專家一對一交流，獲得寶貴的建議，加速成長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當技術專家再成長一步，則有可能成爲技術 VP 或 CTO ，這同樣與不同職級、不同企業的具體情況有關。這時，他需要具備領導力、技術選型和決策能力、文化構造能力、人員管理能力等多維能力，關注公司業務和重點產業，瞭解國家大政方針，判斷公司未來走向。那麼通過華爲聯創營或行業峯會，他可以幫助公司獲取華爲雲提供的專業技術支持，聯合面向市場提供發佈解決方案，並藉助華爲雲生態，實現更快成長。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“每一個開發者都了不起”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在智能奔湧的浪潮中，最強的智，是衆智。最大的力，是合力。沒有人能夠逆轉萬流歸海。每一個開發者，都在創造一往無前的奔騰時代。世界有你，了不起。”華爲常務董事、華爲雲 CEO、消費者業務 CEO 餘承東，在給開發者的一段視頻中這樣說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“每一個開發者都了不起”，也恰恰是華爲開發者大會的 Slogan。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣的發聲並非憑空出現，開發者在華爲生態體系內，向來佔據舉足輕重的位置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是開源和社區，根植於開發者，回饋於開發者。華爲是 CNCF 亞洲唯一初創 & 首個白金會員，其支持邊緣計算的開源平臺 KubeEdge 已經晉級 CNCF 孵化項目，Volcano 也正式進入了 CNCF；在 Kubernetes 開源社區，華爲的代碼貢獻量在亞洲排名第一，Maintainer 席位數亞洲排名第一；重磅產品鴻蒙 OS、openEuler、openGauss 都已宣佈開源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"再者，從 5G 到操作系統，華爲以基礎軟件、新基建、數字化轉型爲重點技術探索方向，等同於翻新了上層技術發展的土壤。而土壤如果缺乏優秀的耕種者，就會變爲“荒地”，開發者自然成爲華爲關注的焦點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對開發者的關注，也重點反映在 2021 HDC 華爲開發者大會上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從目前公開的信息看，除主要的技術分享之外，今年的 HDC 至少還有三項規劃會成爲開發者關注的焦點，分別是先鋒少年論壇、開發訓練營、掃地僧見面會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"先鋒少年論壇，是一份幫助高校學生成長爲雲時代新人才的全方位指南，由華爲雲攜手教育部創新創業教育指導委委員、華爲公司軟件分析主任、華爲雲天才少年、互聯網 + 大賽大獎得主等共同打造，基於華爲領先的雲與計算產品和技術幫助高校學生實現夢想，成爲了不起的開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主要包含四大類內容："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高校學生職業發展規劃指導；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲與高校合作創新實踐分享；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲先鋒少年計劃發佈；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲天才少年與先鋒少年的創新實踐分享。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者訓練營則覆蓋多種領域的技術熱點，以訓練營形式聽技術大咖全面精講並動手實踐，內容包括 AI 模型的開發和部署，數據庫、低代碼、物聯網、應用開發、遷移上雲等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"掃地僧見面會則邀請了華爲雲各大技術領域最頂尖、最優秀的技術專家出席現場，圍繞雲原生、人工智能、大數據等話題與開發者面對面交流、探討。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 HDC 中國區，特色更加鮮明。今年的 HDC 中國區將包含 63 場線下分會場，覆蓋 36 座城市，這是一個史無前例的會議策劃，消耗巨大，但也意味着大部分開發者都可以親身參與到 HDC 的議程裏，真正實現整個開發者生態的良性運轉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些分會場將包含三條業務主線，分別是智能基座高校、鯤鵬生態創新中心、華爲雲產業雲創新中心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能基座高校的內容主要涵蓋雲原生技術和 AI 計算，以及 openEuler 實操訓練營；鯤鵬生態創新中心上海分會場以“鯤鵬應用創新大賽”爲主，北京分會場則將對全國首個全棧生態體系的基礎軟件聯合實驗室進行揭祕，並重磅發佈金融行業的全棧調優案例；華爲雲產業雲創新中心涵蓋的前沿技術較多，包括 VR、通用 AI 等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以說，這樣的活動，已經成爲開發者成長不可或缺的養分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一個不可思議的時代，信息的不對稱性史無前例的降低，個人成長成爲了整個企業、整個生態的關注重點。我們有理由相信，3 年更迭一次的技術棧，不會是未來開發者成長的阻礙，我們能夠跑贏行業。"}]}]}