Kotlin 1.5 穩定版發佈，2021年第一個大版本更新有何亮點？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發工具製造商 JetBrain 發佈了 Kotlin1.5.0 穩定版，它是“2021 年的第一個大版本”。此版本提供了穩定的語言特性，例如 JVM records、密封接口 (sealed interface)、內聯類 (inline class)，並引入了新的默認 JVM IR 編譯器 。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 1.5.0：2021 年第一個大版本"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與 Java 兼容的 Kotlin 被谷歌認可爲用於開發 Android 應用程序的官方編程語言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 是在 GitHub 上公開開發的，主要由 JetBrains（流行的 IDE IntelliJ IDEA 的製造商）開發，但谷歌也有貢獻。IntelliJ IDEA 是谷歌 Android Studio IDE 的基礎，用於構建 Android 應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲 2021 年首個大版本更新，Kotlin 1.5 主要亮點包括："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"穩定的語言特性：JVM records、密封接口 ( sealed interface )、內聯類 ( inline class )"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"標準和測試庫改進：穩定的無符號整數類型、E xtensions for java.nio.file.Path ，以及針對 String、Char 和 Duration API 的改進"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/JVM 改進：新的默認 JVM IR 編譯器"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/Native 改進：針對 Linux 和 iOS 應用程序的更快的調試編譯"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/JS 的改進：將更多 JS 庫遷移到新的 Kotlin\/JS IR 編譯器"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，新的 JVM IR 編譯器使 JetBrains 能夠更快地爲其各種實施方案構建新的語言特性，其中包括用於構建 iOS 和 Windows 應用程序的 Kotlin native（Kotlin\/Native）、用於構建 Web 應用程序的 Kotlin for JavaScript（Kotlin\/JS）以及用於 Java 平臺的 Kotlin for JVM（Kotlin\/JVM）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"來自 JetBrains 的 Ekaterina Volodko 在一篇博客文章中說：“新的編譯器與 Kotlin\/Native 和 Kotlin\/JS IR 編譯器共享了統一的管道和業務邏輯，這使得我們可以同時爲所有平臺實現大多數特性、優化和錯誤修復。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“它還將允許你添加自定義處理和轉換，並且可以在所有平臺上自動工作。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JetBrains 表示，已經有超過 25000 名開發者在 IntelliJ IDEA 中試用了新的 JVM IR 編譯器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin 1.5.0 還提供了對 JVM 記錄的支持，以確保作爲不可變數據的透明載體的記錄類 與 Java 特性的互操作性。記錄類在 JDK 16 中被確定下來，並且 JDK 16 在 3 月達到了普遍可用性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"標準庫和測試庫也有所改進。對於無符號整數類型以及範圍、級數和函數，標準庫提供了新的穩定性 API。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 IntelliJ IDEA 和 Android Studio 的開發者應該會看到一個通知，提醒他們將 Kotlin 將自動更新到 1.5.0。用戶也可以手動更新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kotlin\/Native 獲得了對 linuxX64 和 iosArm64 目標的調試模式下的編譯器緩存的支持。它還停用了內置的內存泄漏檢查器，以避免可能導致應用程序崩潰的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在啓用了編譯器緩存後，除第一個外，大多數調試編譯都會更快地完成。測量結果顯示，在我們的測試項目中，速度提高了大約 200%，”JetBrains 說。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"獲得谷歌力推的 Kotlin"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自從 2019 年對外宣佈 Kotlin 編程語言是 Android 應用程序開發人員的首選語言，谷歌就一直在對 Kotlin 進行多方位的支持，不僅推出了 Kotlin 免費在線課程，而且開源了 gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM，開發者可以在 Kotlin 項目中更方便地使用 gRPC，以更簡單的方式構建可靠的網絡連接服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，谷歌推出了使用 Kotlin 語言開發 Android 應用的全新課程，由淺入深、循序漸進地幫助用戶學習 Android 應用開發。這套課程取代了 2018 年發佈的課程，同時課程內容也結合了 Android 平臺的變化，例如 Android Jetpack 庫的發佈等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年，谷歌開源了 gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM。gRPC 是一個開源的高性能、通用 RPC 框架，支持多種編程語言。gRPC 基於 Protocol Buffers，面向移動和基於 HTTP\/2 標準設計，帶來諸如雙向流、流控、頭部壓縮、單 TCP 連接上的多複用請求等特性。gRPC 與 Kotlin 結合之後，從移動應用程序到雲端微服務，開發者都可以構建。gRPC-Kotlin\/JVM 構建在 gRPC 的 Java API 之上，提供了對 Kotlin 友好的 gRPC 類，支持 Kotlin 協程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.tectalk.co\/kotlin-programming-language-heres-whats-inside-the-first-big-release-of-this-year\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.tectalk.co\/kotlin-programming-language-heres-whats-inside-the-first-big-release-of-this-year\/"}]}]}]}