“頭號大廠鐵粉”微軟宣佈關閉區塊鏈服務

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 “All In” 到放棄，微軟這是又走錯了一步？"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在推出 6 年之後，微軟宣佈即將終止其 Azure 區塊鏈服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟前天宣佈將於 2021 年 9 月 10 日關閉其 Azure 區塊鏈服務。在正式關閉之前仍將支持現有的部署。但是從今年 5 月 10 日起，將不再支持任何新的部署或成員創建。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/69\/697e262a6ae98adc576a2037168c7cab.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟在 5 月 10 日發佈的支持文檔中表示："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年 9 月 10 日，Azure 區塊鏈將退休。請評估你的生產或開發狀態，將分類帳數據從 Azure 區塊鏈服務遷移到其他產品。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟在該文檔並未解釋做此決定的原因，但是提供了下一步的建議："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計劃遷移的第一步是評估替代產品。請根據你生產或開發狀態，評估以下替代方案。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼這意味着用戶還應該在剩下的四個月當中調查一遍市場中的其它替代產品嗎？好在微軟這次直接推薦了 ConsenSys 的 Quorum Blockchain Service 第三方服務，因爲它跟 Azure 的 Blockchain 一樣，使用的也是 GoQuorum Ledger 技術。ConsenSys 網站表示，Quorum Blockchain Service (QBS) 服務是一個完全託管的區塊鏈服務，將爲微軟客戶提供無縫的遷移體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總之，雖然微軟尚未解釋其區塊鏈服務關閉的原因，但我們判斷很可能是因爲缺乏客戶，同時微軟也不想繼續維護舊基礎架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球第一家佈局區塊鏈的“大廠”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去 30 年，微軟建立了商業軟件模式的統一標準，成爲 IT 巨頭之一。自錯過了互聯網和移動互聯網的紅利期，微軟一直髮展得中規中矩。但對於前幾年的區塊鏈浪潮，微軟的反應卻是很少見的快速。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早在 2014 年，微軟就成爲第一家真正佈局區塊鏈的國際 IT 巨頭。2014 年 12 月，微軟首次爲在線商店添加了比特幣支付選項，走出了切入虛擬金融業的第一步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2015 年 11 月，微軟推出並啓動了 Azure 區塊鏈即服務（BaaS），將區塊鏈技術引入 Azure，爲使用 Azure 雲服務的客戶提供 BaaS 服務，讓他們可以迅速創建私有、公有或混合的區塊鏈環境，解決了早期的跨行業區塊鏈使用者的大量常見問題。Azure 因此吸收了衆多區塊鏈參與者，從知名企業到規模較小的創業公司，其認知度日益擴大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟將自己定位於做好整個區塊鏈的生態系統，提供區塊鏈生長的環境，建立平臺並推出多種多樣的解決方案。2017 年初，微軟發佈區塊鏈合作伙伴戰略；2 月，與全球各行業代表性企業一同加入企業以太坊聯盟，並對以太坊區塊鏈技術進行了大量的投資；10 月，推出“Azure 政府機密”（Azure Government Secret）服務…"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於區塊鏈的支持力度，微軟 CTO Kevin Scott 在 2018 年接受採訪時表示：“微軟決定 All In 區塊鏈。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟當時的金融服務科技戰略主管的 Marley Gray 認爲：“任何行業的表面下都有應該被大幅調整的閒置業務流程，區塊鏈數據服務是極大的機遇，我們可以從中拿到很多跨領域的歷史數據，並用機器學習去分析它。”爲此，“我們差不多賭上了整個雲服務”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然最近幾年微軟 Azure 區塊鏈服務並沒有什麼大更新，但之前微軟在 Azure 區塊鏈服務的產品頁面上將通用電氣（GE）、摩根大通、新加坡航空、星巴克和 Xbox 列爲了客戶。在微軟的帶動下，谷歌、IBM、臉書都曾將區塊鏈作爲重大企業戰略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM 也放棄了區塊鏈？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"藍色巨人 IBM 在區塊鏈上投入的力量也相當大。2015 年 12 月，IBM 與其他 29 名成員共同創立 Hyperledger 開源項目，致力於將區塊鏈的解決方案應用於各個行業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2016 年 2 月，IBM 推出區塊鏈服務平臺 BaaS，使用 IBM 在 Bluemix 上的區塊鏈服務，開發人員就可以訪問完全集成的開發運維工具，從而在 IBM 雲上創建、部署、運行和監控區塊鏈應用程序。在 Hyperledger 聯盟中，IBM 主導孵化的 Fabirc 子項目，首先滿足了各商業應用場景需求的智能合約運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去這幾年，IBM 大力推行 Fabric 項目，擁有了幾個比較知名的服務場景：沃爾瑪支持的從農場到超市的跟蹤系統 FoodTrust，馬士基（Maersk）支持的海運集裝箱物流區塊鏈 TradeLens。此外，IBM 還添加了“信任你的供應商”（Trust Your Supplier）網絡，之前還通過 World Wire 試水支付領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但在今年 2 月，有媒體爆出消息表明，IBM 區塊鏈團隊已經被砍到沒剩幾個人，一名知情人士說：“IBM 不會再有真正的區塊鏈團隊了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據其中一名知情人士聲稱，由於 IBM 一度盛讚的區塊鏈技術在疫情下的這一年中只實現了收入指標的 10%，因此 IBM 對區塊鏈部門進行大規模重組，導致大多數區塊鏈人員離職。知情人士對媒體透露說，只去年一年就撤減了 100 多位區塊鏈相關的崗位。同時 IBM 的區塊鏈負責人 Jerry Cuomo 已被調走，現負責 AI 業務部門，在 2016 年他還是區塊鏈技術的宣傳官。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一名知情人士也表示，IBM 的區塊鏈部門已連續兩年遠遠未能實現收入指標。他們補充說，IBM 對企業區塊鏈期望過高，並且“雖然 IBM 一直宣佈不斷，但沒有真正執行到位。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM 發言人極力否認這些消息，IBM 的公關總監 Holli Haswell 表示：“IBM 的區塊鏈業務狀況良好，謝謝關注。我們已調整了一些領導人和業務部門，繼續推動增長，我們每年都這麼做。”“未來依然會將區塊鏈視爲我們雲業務的推動力。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去幾年的區塊鏈炒作熱潮裏，很少有企業能保持冷靜，以微軟、IBM 等 IT 巨頭爲首的衆多企業先後投入了巨大的人力物力。在微軟宣佈關閉 Azure 區塊鏈服務之後，我們興許能有機會再度關注區塊鏈本身，探討技術是否足夠健全，哪些場景能真實落地並取得收益。你如何看待區塊鏈技術，歡迎在評論區留言！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延伸閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/azure-deprecation\/dashboard\/issues\/158","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/github.com\/azure-deprecation\/dashboard\/issues\/158"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/ibm-blockchain-revenue-misses-job-cuts-sources","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/ibm-blockchain-revenue-misses-job-cuts-sources"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}