大力扶持！去年中國投入106億補貼半導體上市企業，中芯國際獲近25億補貼

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，對中國半導體產業來說，是在重重阻力之下，奮力奔跑的一年。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，國家對半導體產業補貼106億"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，據"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日本經濟新聞（亞洲）"}]},{"type":"text","text":"報道，對信息公司 Wind 收集的上市企業財報數據進行統計發現，2020年，中國對上市企業提供的產業補貼達到2136億元（330億美元），較去年同期增長了14%，創下歷史記錄。其中，對半導體、從事新冠疫苗研發的製藥企業等的補貼呈現大幅增加趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國家對半導體產業的補貼顯著增長。據統計，國家對半導體行業113家企業的補貼總額爲106億元，較10年前增長了12倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據顯示，2020年，中國最大的芯片代工廠中芯國際獲得了近25億元的補貼，此外，其旗下公司還獲得了兩家政府基金出資的22.5億美元融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年3月12日，中芯國際和深圳市政府簽訂了合作框架協議，根據協議，公司和深圳政府（透過深圳重投集團）擬以建議出資的方式在深圳設立晶圓廠。依照計劃，中芯深圳將開展項目的發展和營運，項目的新投資額約23.5億美元，重點生產28納米及以上的集成電路和提供技術服務，最終實現每月約4萬片12吋晶圓的產能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，北方華創集團、中微半導體設備等半導體設備製造廠商所獲得的補貼也在增加。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相關分析認爲，國家對半導體行業的大規模注資一定程度上是當前不確定的中美關係的反映。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，美國正在計劃推出一系列刺激半導體制造和研究的激勵和補貼措施，5月11日，有消息稱，蘋果、微軟和谷歌等全球最大的芯片購買商正與英特爾公司等頂級芯片製造商新建一個名爲美國半導體聯盟的遊說小組，要求美國政府爲芯片製造提供500億美元補貼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近幾年，國內芯片國產化的呼聲高漲，業內芯片廠商正在加緊研發，力求突破芯片卡脖子危機。不過現階段，國產高端芯片的國產化水平還相對較低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年1月，雲岫資本發佈的《2020年中國半導體行業投資解讀》報告顯示，EDA、IP的國產化率低於10%；FPGA國產化率低於1%；數據中心的交換機、路由器、智能網卡芯片等網絡處理芯片領域，國產化率小於20%；存儲芯片領域國產化率小於10%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，CPU領域國產化率低於15%，因此飛騰、申威、海光、龍芯、兆芯等頭部項目受到國家和政府的重點扶持，賽昉科技等新興熱門的RISC-V CPU公司也推出了世界級的產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IC Insights預測，到2025年，中國製造的半導體將只佔總需求的19.4%。國內通用芯片的生產仍是重中之重。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內半導體行業去年投資金額超1400億元，創歷史紀錄"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲岫資本《2020年中國半導體行業投資解讀》報告統計，2020年，半導體行業股權投資案例413起，投資金額超過1400億元人民幣，相比2019年約300億人民幣的投資額，增長近4倍，是中國半導體一級市場有史以來投資額最多的一年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於國產替代需求強烈，不少半導體公司的業績增速飛快，投資階段上也普遍後移，C輪以後的投資比重大幅增加。從細分方向來看，半導體設計公司仍是投資重點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"半導體企業在資本市場也交出了不錯的成績單。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報告統計，2020年，中國共有32家半導體公司上市，是有史以來半導體上市數量最多的一年。從市值分佈上來看，50億到100億之間的公司數量最多，500億市值企業有6家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲岫資本統計，2020年全年，半導體公司市值的平均漲幅約爲40%~50%。除了分銷板塊略微下跌，半導體的大多數板塊都連連上漲，其中設計板塊漲得最爲迅猛。在科創板市值前十強中，半導體公司數量佔據半壁江山，科創板半導體市值佔據總市值的30%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年來，國家推出了減稅政策、十四五規劃、大型基金投資等一系列政策支持芯片半導體發展。2020 年，國家利好政策帶動 A 股集成電路板塊迎來爆發，龍頭企業暴漲數倍，集成電路行業二級市場賺錢效應凸顯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年，對於半導體產業來說，是挑戰與機遇並存的一年。雲岫資本認爲，半導體投資已經進入深水區，“卡脖子”領域和大芯片受到重點關注。貿易摩擦重塑的新產業格局，使得中國市場對卡脖子的半導體產業鏈上游（EDA、設備和材料）國產化有強烈的需求，國產化率低的卡脖子領域和大芯片，比如EDA\/IP、CPU、GPU、FPGA、網絡處理芯片、車用芯片、存儲芯片等應重點關注。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，2020年，中國半導體行業的融資情況也十分火熱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企查查大數據研究院發佈的《近十年我國芯片半導體品牌投融資報告》顯示，2020年，芯片半導體投融資事件458起，拿到融資的企業共計392家，總融資金額高達1097.69億元，共有16家企業獲得總金額超過10億元融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，中芯國際是獲得最高融資額的企業，中芯國際獲得了合計198.5億元的融資，由國家基金一期、國家大基金二期、上海集成電路和國家集成電路共同注資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近十年我國芯片半導體賽道共發生投融資事件3169件，總投融資金額超6025億元，2017年是十年來的最高峯，該年度芯片半導體行業共發生投融資總金額2105億元。2020年，芯片半導體賽道的投融資金額和數量均在過去十年中排第二位，整體呈穩健遞增趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“不管是初創還是成熟的項目，只要是國內投資機構，不論是政府基金還是民間基金，基本沒有不投集成電路的，投資的方向逐漸從集成電路設計往更難的集成電路製造和集成電路裝備等細分領域拓展”，此前新鼎資本張馳在接受 InfoQ採訪時，曾如是形容資本在集成電路行業的火爆程度。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內芯片短缺態勢嚴峻"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年以來，受疫情、中美經貿摩擦等多個因素影響，全球半導體遭遇芯片短缺危機，波及汽車、消費電子等多個行業，如在汽車行業，受疫情影響，一些特定汽車電子元件的芯片供應緊張。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內芯片短缺態勢也尤爲嚴峻。受疫情影響，國內芯片廠商遭遇了停產等產能危機。中美貿易摩擦依舊膠着，美國對華爲、中芯國際等多家芯片公司的制裁行爲使其遭遇斷芯、禁芯危機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年半導體產業罕見地出現了產能不足的瓶頸。“美黑名單觸發了半導體產業之急，由於種種原因，芯片及所有元器件都在漲價，大家都在備貨，產能緊張，有些公司甚至沒有產能給客戶供貨。上次發生類似的事情還是在十年前”，文治資本聯合創始人唐明德曾向InfoQ表示，他預計 2021 年下半年，芯片產能短缺狀態也許會有些緩和。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"缺芯問題也是全球手機廠商所面臨的一個重大挑戰。中信證券《智能手機行業深度追蹤 2021》報告顯示，先進製程資源緊缺、手機需求復甦 、下游應用競爭共同加劇芯片缺貨 ，預計缺芯問題將持續全年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，小米集團副總裁盧偉冰曾在微博感嘆，“今年芯片太缺了，不是缺，是極缺”。芯片短缺已造成2020年第四季度小米智能手機出貨量與營收的環比下滑，不及市場預期。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當下全球芯片短缺壓力山大，加之，中美貿易關係充滿不確定性，華爲芯片被禁事件敲響警鐘，國內高端芯片生產自主化問題備受關注，國產芯片廠商正在加大研發力度，一些國內大的手機廠商開始佈局自研芯片，以尋求緩解“缺芯”之痛的解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/International-relations\/US-China-tensions\/Eyeing-US-China-wields-33bn-subsidies-to-bolster-chips-defense"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/446800750_355020?fileGuid=dJyCDCR93kyTWpQq","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/446800750_355020"}]}]}]}