LeetCode #647 Palindromic Substrings 迴文子串 647 Palindromic Substrings 迴文子串

647 Palindromic Substrings 迴文子串

Description:
Given a string s, return the number of palindromic substrings in it.

A string is a palindrome when it reads the same backward as forward.

A substring is a contiguous sequence of characters within the string.

Example:

Example 1:

Input: s = "abc"
Output: 3
Explanation: Three palindromic strings: "a", "b", "c".

Example 2:

Input: s = "aaa"
Output: 6
Explanation: Six palindromic strings: "a", "a", "a", "aa", "aa", "aaa".

Constraints:

1 <= s.length <= 1000
s consists of lowercase English letters.

題目描述:
給定一個字符串，你的任務是計算這個字符串中有多少個迴文子串。

具有不同開始位置或結束位置的子串，即使是由相同的字符組成，也會被視作不同的子串。

示例 :

示例 1：

輸入："abc"
輸出：3
解釋：三個迴文子串: "a", "b", "c"

示例 2：

輸入："aaa"
輸出：6
解釋：6個迴文子串: "a", "a", "a", "aa", "aa", "aaa"

提示:

輸入的字符串長度不會超過 1000 。

思路:

中心擴展法
以 i 或者 [i, i + 1] 爲中心向兩端擴展直到不是迴文串
用一個全局變量記錄迴文串的數量
時間複雜度 O(n ^ 2), 空間複雜度 O(1)
用馬拉車算法可以將時間複雜度降至 O(n), 此時空間複雜度爲 O(n)

代碼:
C++:

class Solution 
{
public:
    int countSubstrings(string s) 
    {
        int m = 0, r = 0, result = 0;
        string t = "$#";
        for (const char &c: s) 
        {
            t += c;
            t += '#';
        }
        int n = t.size();
        t += '!';
        vector<int> dp(n);
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) 
        {
            dp[i] = (i <= r) ? min(r - i + 1, dp[2 * m - i]) : 1;
            while (t[i + dp[i]] == t[i - dp[i]]) ++dp[i];
            if (i + dp[i] - 1 > r) 
            {
                m = i;
                r = i + dp[i] - 1;
            }
            result += (dp[i] >> 1);
        }
        return result;
    }
};

Java:

class Solution {
    private int result = 0;
    
    public int countSubstrings(String s) {
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            count(s, i, i);
            count(s, i, i + 1);
        }
        return result;
    }
    
    private void count(String s, int start, int end) {
        while (start > -1 && end < s.length() && s.charAt(start--) == s.charAt(end++)) ++result;
    }
}

Python:

class Solution:
    def countSubstrings(self, s: str) -> int:
        result, n = 0, len(s)
        
        def count(start: int, end: int):
            nonlocal result
            while start > -1 and end < n and s[start] == s[end]:
                start -= 1
                end += 1
                result += 1
                
        for i in range(n):
            count(i, i)
            count(i, i + 1)
        return result