Zoom中國“大撤退”一年後，競爭者不斷，市值縮水，昔日巨頭終落寞？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 5 月中旬，視頻會議公司 Zoom 正式停止中國個人用戶註冊，隨後逐漸消失在中國市場。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Zoom 撤出中國市場一年"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年 5 月 19 日早，據《日經亞洲評論》消息，視頻會議公司 Zoom 已經停止中國個人用戶註冊，免費的個人用戶將不能在 Zoom 上主持會議，但仍然可以加入會議，只有付費企業帳戶和在截止日期（2020 年 5 月 1 日）之前升級到付費帳戶的個人才能主持會議。此後，Zoom 逐漸消失在中國市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Zoom 從中國撤退時間已有一年。這一年中，Zoom 不僅面臨來自美方的指責，更有衆多競爭者向其發出挑戰，憂患之下，Zoom 的優勢正在逐漸減弱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"資料顯示，Zoom 由中國移民袁徵創辦，總部位於美國加州，是一家美國本土公司。2013 年，美國風投企業 Qualcomm Ventures 和李嘉誠旗下的維港投資分別注資 600 萬美元和 650 萬美元，完成了 Zoom 的 A、B 兩輪融資。2015 年，美國著名風投 Emergence Capital 對 Zoom 進行了 3000 萬美元的融資。2017 年初，紅杉資本完成了對 Zoom 的 1 億美元 D 輪融資。紅杉資本發言人曾表示，多年來視頻會議行業都沒有一款真正受用戶歡迎的產品，直到 Zoom 出現。2019 年，Zoom 正式在納斯達克上市。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年，受疫情影響，Zoom 的用戶規模達到新高度，一時風頭無兩。同年 5 月，Zoom 以 9460 萬次下載量位列全球移動應用（非遊戲）下載榜亞軍，是 2019 年同期的 43 倍，僅次於 TikTok。財報顯示，Zoom 2020 年第一財季總營收爲 3.28 億美元，與去年同期的 1.22 億美元相比增長 169%；歸屬於公司普通股股東的淨利潤爲 2700 萬美元，比去年同期的 20 萬美元相比增長 134 倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"營收實現急速增長的同時，Zoom 也集中爆發了一波安全問題。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年 4 月，Zoom 被爆出通過位於中國境內的服務器發送通話信號，這引發了人們對於安全性的擔憂。同年 6 月份，Zoom 因遵循中國政府的請求關閉一個涉及政治活動的賬號，再次被外界猛烈批評。結合當時中美緊張的雙邊關係和美國政府對華採取的一系列措施，即使袁徵多次強調 Zoom 是一家美國公司，或許礙於其華裔身份，Zoom 都會是美國監管機構的重點“關注對象”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"另一方面，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Zoom 也從未缺少過競爭者"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。在 Zoom“現象級”爆紅後，Facebook、微軟、Telegram 等企業紛紛推出相關產品或調整產品功能與其爭奪市場。美國的視頻會議垂直類企業去年一度達到了 200 多家，目標客戶涵蓋了銷售、健身和醫療等行業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數據顯示，截至 2021 年 3 月，Zoom 的全球市場份額爲 54%，是 Google Meets\/Hangouts(合計 23%)和微軟 Teams\/Skype(合計 21%)的兩倍多。但在競爭者的猛烈攻擊下，Zoom 危機四伏。據猛獸財經報道，當前，Zoom 的兩個護城河（便宜的價格和創新的架構）正面臨威脅，除非出現顛覆性的新視頻通信模式，否則谷歌和微軟(MSFT)將繼續通過其強大的平臺和生態系統，一步步吞噬掉 Zoom 的市場份額。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"危機之下，Zoom 股價正在一路下滑，目前已從去年 10 月 560 美元每股高點跌至 316 美元每股，市值縮水近一半。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"繁榮的中國視頻會議市場"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"國外視頻會議市場競爭激烈，國內也從不缺少參與者。此前業內人士章熙（化名）向 InfoQ 介紹到，中國市場上的視頻會議應用大概可以分三種：以華爲、中興、小魚易連等爲代表的基於硬件的 HaaS 解決方案類產品；以 Zoom 爲代表的基於軟件的 SaaS 解決方案類產品和以騰訊、阿里爲代表的基於平臺的 PaaS 類產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Zoom 撤出後，國內視頻會議平臺百花齊放。其中，騰訊選擇了大廠們的一貫思路：做生態。騰訊會議明確表示不會做硬件，但在邀請音視頻集成商、行業應用集成商、企業 IT 的服務商、代理商一起建立生態。阿里除了手握“爆款”釘釘外，去年 4 月份又推出了阿里雲會議對標 Zoom 和騰訊會議。而字節跳動也手握飛書，搶灘在線辦公領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"有因信息的創始人兼 CEO 張鋒曾告訴 InfoQ，巨頭們入局雖然帶來了競爭，但最大的壓力並不來自這些大廠。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"張鋒認爲，現在騰訊會議、飛書等功能很簡單，大多是爲了迅速佔有市場而推出的“標準化”產品，雖然滿足了一定用戶需求，但一旦深入使用就會發現缺失很多功能。這會激發用戶去尋找覆蓋功能更多的產品，而這恰恰是垂直類企業的優勢。垂直企業的產品不僅可以提供視頻會議，還可以跟用戶系統打通，融合直播、問卷、打卡等更多功能，使用場景更豐富。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"騰訊、阿里們的優勢是底層開發能力，這是垂直企業沒有的。但垂直企業擁有的服務能力也是巨頭們不具備的。大廠們的市場太大，很難服務好用戶。市場上的小客戶很多，但要求低、付費意願少，大客戶預算充足，但定製化要求高，大廠們目前無法滿足。“所以，業務層上其實應該交給更多垂直企業去做。”張鋒說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在張鋒看來，國外比國內更注重安全隱私，但國內外的視頻會議市場並沒有不同。“這個市場纔剛剛開始，需求還在。巨頭們的湧入爲市場帶來了熱度和投資，這對整個行業來說是好的。隨着 5G 等技術的發展，以後會越來越好。”張鋒說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數據顯示，2018 年我國視頻會議市場規模約 155.6 億元，預計今年市場規模達 350 億元，2022年，市場規模將達到 445.7 億元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/i1Ty0tberc8yaSBXArZQ","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/i1Ty0tberc8yaSBXArZQ"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/lRRMRzou5ShfEiYpSNKp","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/lRRMRzou5ShfEiYpSNKp"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jxcLUeGsZIIsos2RaCBO","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jxcLUeGsZIIsos2RaCBO"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.163.com\/dy\/article\/GAE9SIOI0539IH2T.html","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.163.com\/dy\/article\/GAE9SIOI0539IH2T.html"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}