釘釘攤牌低代碼，做生態基座、被集成！

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼領域又有新動作！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5 月 28 日，阿里雲峯會上公佈了一組數據：釘釘平臺應用總數超過百萬，3 個月時間增長了近一倍，其中低代碼應用數 3 個月新增了近 38 萬個。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"緊接着第二天，釘釘又扔出另一張牌，正式發佈了國內首個低代碼開發聚合平臺——“釘釘搭”低代碼應用廣場。甚至有人將“釘釘搭”稱作是低代碼領域的 App Store。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"看來，釘釘在低代碼這件事情上徹底“躺平”了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顧低代碼的整個發展歷程，總是起伏不定。雖然現在我們還無法斷言這波兒起勢是否能夠一直持續，但可以肯定的是，低代碼正在發生新的變化：原來各自爲政的發展模式正在演變爲協同團戰，出現生態角色的分工，原來門檻很高的軟件開發正在變得 UGC 化。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年的科技圈熱詞——低代碼"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"毫無疑問，今年圍繞低代碼的討論又多了起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是資本市場的反應，從 2018 年開始，低代碼就在海外投資圈活躍起來了，OutSystems 獲得了 KKR 和高盛 3.6 億美金融資，成爲低代碼領域的獨角獸；兩個月之後，德國科技公司西門子宣佈以 7 億美元的價格收購荷蘭低代碼公司 Mendix。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這兩次大型投資收購事件引發了新一輪的低代碼熱潮，也讓研究機構再次將目光聚焦於低代碼平臺。Gartner 重新界定了 LCAP 概念，並在 2020 年 9 月發佈的低代碼應用開發魔力象限報告中大膽預測：到 2023 年，預計將由 50% 的大中型企業採用低代碼平臺作爲其戰略應用平臺之一。同時到 2024 年，全球將由 65% 的應用程序都將涉及低代碼開發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 Gartner，Forrester Research 也很看好低代碼的發展：“2020 年低代碼市場規模或將達到 155 億美元，超過 75％的應用程序將在低代碼 \/ 零代碼平臺中開發。公民開發者的比例將從 2017 年的 40% 提升到 2020 年的 70%。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回看國內的低代碼發展，根據前瞻產業研究院發佈的《2021 年中國低代碼行業市場現狀及投融資分析》報告，從 2016 年至 2020 年，中國低代碼市場共有 59 起投融資事件，其中 2020 年發生了 14 次投融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/e4\/e41e6e9a2f1e1d1b46c912887ad2da17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼低代碼在這個階段突然爆火了呢？疫情自然是其中之一，疫情加速了大家對於數字化的需求，企業需要使用數字化的方式來幫助他們解決問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在釘釘搭平臺的負責人葉周全看來，其次是雲計算整體基礎設施的成熟，給了低代碼更好的發展土壤，靈活的計算資源調度、可視化編排，讓低代碼按需使用、快捷開發才能真正落地的更加徹底。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"資本市場、研究機構、大廠入局，市場火熱之勢明顯，但也有人認爲還會再重演它過去的歷史，在火熱中漸漸褪去直指沉寂。但這一次更多人都認爲低代碼這一次真的起來了。但一直欠缺一個實證來證明低代碼這一輪的火熱，和以前並不一樣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過，在釘釘最新公佈的數據中，也許我們可以得到印證：低代碼戰略公佈三個月後，讓釘釘平臺應用總數增長了近一倍，單純低代碼應用也新增了近 38 萬個。可以看到，低代碼被最終用戶在接納、認可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重要的是，在葉周全描述的用戶實例中，可以聽到這些用戶羣體中，大量的是 HR，是財務，是基層政府工作人員，是醫生、教師這些不懂 IT 的人；行業屬性上，是製造、建築，是基層政務、教育行業，這些過去信息化水平低的行業；從城市維度上，是邢臺鉅鹿縣、瀘州古藺縣，以及鄉村，這些大衆口中的下沉市場，甚至很少聽到數字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 個月應用增長 38 萬，且大部分非 IT 人員開發，低代碼從行業內走到大衆中，從 IT 走向不懂技術小白，走向那個“人人都是開發者”的願景中。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼，正在將開發 UGC 化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實際上，關於低代碼的使用人羣一直是大家熱議的話題，有人說：“它的受衆應該是程序員或者開發者，精簡重複開發”，也有人認爲：“它面向的是業務人員，不然低代碼的價值不大”。皆有道理。但如果限定了羣體，就不足以讓低代碼開發平民化、全民化，走到“人人都是開發者”。而葉周全則表示：“人人都可用低代碼，人人都是低代碼開發者。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年春節前夕，面對返鄉大潮帶來的防疫挑戰，河北省邢臺市鉅鹿縣張毛莊村的村書記張增勇用了一天時間，在釘釘上快速搭建和上線了返鄉申報功能，讓春節返鄉的村民可以提前申報，進行應急管理。後來，這項來自基層治理的創新功能，被納入釘釘數字區縣“百姓通”產品中，並分享到全國區縣中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 2 月，合肥師範學院附屬實驗小學校長彭正帶領一幫不懂代碼的教師，藉助低代碼開發工具“宜搭”，在釘釘上陸續開發了 50 多個智慧校園應用，涵蓋教學、科研、管理、後勤等模塊，目前最快實現了 10 分鐘搭建一個應用的速度，用低成本實現了學校的管理數字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"祕覺是福建一家主攻外賣的公司，擁有 150 多家加盟店。祕覺剛剛走紅時，在享受業務快速增長的甜蜜同時，也飽受着採購和供應鏈管理混亂的困擾。自嘲“連 Excel、PPT 都不會用”的周勳，在自學了三個月之後，就在釘釘上搭出了一套簡單實用的採購管理系統，幫助公司實現了採購全流程的在線化、透明化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上三個故事的主人公都有一個共同特點，他們並不是我們傳統意義上的程序員或者開發者，甚至並不懂什麼是開發、什麼是低代碼，但是簡單學習後依然走進了做出了一個個數字化的系統，且能實際使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這與內容創作的演進歷程非常相似。以前內容創作的專業門檻和資源門檻高，後來有了知乎、微博、微信等內容發佈平臺，全民都可以寫隨筆或者隨手拍。這是內容創作的 UGC 化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼，某種意義上是在將開發 UGC 化。全民 UGC 的前提是成本足夠低，專業門檻要求低，以及創作難度低、週期足夠短，當然最終產出的質量是另一說，但無疑也帶動了內容創作的繁華時代，全民可參與。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"釘釘攤牌了，被集成、做低代碼的平臺生態"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人人都是開發者，難題就交給了提供服務的平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"衆所周知，低代碼不是一個新概念。如果往前追溯，低代碼的定義是 2014 年由 Forrester Research 研究機構正式提出，經過多年的發展，低代碼有了很多新的變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在葉周全看來，低代碼平臺的發展歷程可以分爲三個階段："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 1.0 時代，低代碼平臺的核心特點是 BPM 驅動，從流程驅動到流程在線再到移動審批，用戶不用關心底層技術實現；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2.0 時代，低代碼平臺的核心特點是元數據驅動，這個階段用戶不再滿足於移動審批，而是希望做到端到端業務在線，從底層業務建模到中間業務編排、業務規則梳理再到數據報表呈現，全部都覆蓋到，而一套元數據驅動的語言就可以實現這些目標；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 3.0 時代，低代碼平臺的核心是數據驅動和業務集成的互利互通。事實上，很多企業的當前 IT 系統中已經採購了 ERP、OA 等系統，他們並不想拋棄之前的系統，低代碼平臺要實現與這些系統的互聯互通。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當低代碼平臺發展到 3.0 時代，如何實現互聯互通呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據阿里巴巴副總裁、釘釘事業部負責人葉軍介紹，釘釘將升級首頁工具欄的“宜搭”一級入口，推出“釘釘搭”。“釘釘搭”集合宜搭、氚雲、簡道雲等釘釘低代碼生態產品，打造開發者和開發能力的聚合平臺，相當於一個豐富的低代碼應用市場，企業和個人開發者可以按需選購。同時，釘釘將開放更多的底層能力，提升開發體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"葉周全介紹，從去年發佈雲釘一體戰略之後，釘釘團隊逐漸摸索出了三種模式。第一種是基礎設施的提供者，整個釘釘低代碼平臺底層是基於雲原生、釘原生的，並與很多阿里雲基礎設施、釘釘基礎能力打通了，服務商可以基於此開發各種各樣的 SaaS 產品；第二種是應用互聯互通的連接者，釘釘推出釘釘“搭”平臺，在這個應用廣場上會有上千種產品供用戶選擇，且這些應用都是默認互聯互通的；第三種是人人都是低代碼開發者，做更好的市場培育，培養更多的數字化人才，滿足企業對於數字化人才的現有訴求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/9f\/9fda7fd8a654e930a74aaa9e0322f9ec.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在釘釘“搭”低代碼應用廣場的產品列表中，我們發現了一些熟悉的名字：氚雲、簡道雲、易鯨雲等等。相信大家都會有這樣的疑問：它們本身就是低代碼領域的玩家，應該與宜搭是競爭對手，爲什麼會出現在“搭”低代碼應用廣場中？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"普遍認知裏，談及低代碼，似乎各家都一樣，那必然會競爭。但操作系統有生態，開源有生態，雲有生態，SaaS 有生態，爲何低代碼就不需要生態？葉周全表示，釘釘搭就是在做低代碼的基座。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去低代碼侷限在業內，很重要的原因是創業者要做的事情太多。低代碼解決不了所有事，主要是快速搭建應用，但底層的計算、存儲、網絡是雲廠商才能解決。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，低代碼應用天然不適合獨立存在，它需要搭建在其它系統上，比如醫生可以用低代碼搭建門診管理工具，但如果對某個單子有疑問需要溝通，他不具備自己搭建 IM、視頻會議的能力，但這些系統的能力又不是低代碼玩家可以解決的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，宜搭走向了釘釘搭，從做業務的玩家向做能力的基座轉變，通過釘釘搭這個入口，將阿里的雲計算、AI 技術，釘釘平臺的基礎能力，比如聊天、音視頻、工作臺等，以及行業基礎能力都抽象成能力被集成，提供給其它低代碼平臺和用戶使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據統計，目前釘釘已開放 1300 個 API 接口，宜搭、氚雲、簡道雲三大低代碼生態產品已開發模板 360 多款，覆蓋建築、製造、貿易、零售、互聯網、房地產、餐飲、政府、教育等主要行業，滿足人事、財務、採購、銷售、售後、倉庫等角色人羣快速搭建應用的需求。生態廠商還與行業企業、政府、學校深入共創，基於低代碼開發打造了 40 多套行業解決方案，幫助企業組織快速一站式實現業務數字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"釘釘“搭”低代碼應用廣場，代表了一種更開放的低代碼平臺，身處其中的平臺都可以集成與被集成，大家站在彼此的肩膀上，提供更好的服務。正如氚雲業務負責人馬旭飛所言：“釘釘‘搭’低代碼應用廣場作爲一個容器，可以吸納各家優秀的低代碼廠商入駐，共同培育和做大市場，也推動各方產品和服務的優化升級，爲用戶提供更完善的解決方案。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"平臺並不好做，怎麼讓體驗一致，怎麼讓最終用戶使用順暢，怎麼保障運維和安全的門檻。不可否認的是，這的確是實際應用會存在的問題，不過，葉周全表示：“平臺就要承擔責任，這些難題都應該交給搭這個基座來解決。”"}]}]}