開放原子開源基金會發布項目畢業標準V1.0：一個好的開源項目應該是怎樣的？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果說基金會最大的成功是項目的成功，那麼畢業標準試圖回答的問題就是：對於開放原子開源基金會而言，怎樣的開源項目纔是一個好的開源項目？"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"6月1日，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.openatom.org\/#\/indexPage","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開放原子開源基金會"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正式對外發布"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/-EwwarXNyr61E7kybBx_VQ","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"孵化項目畢業標準V1.0"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，爲評估孵化期開源項目是否符合畢業條件制定了明確的標準，包含十大類共45條細則，這是首個由中國本土開源基金會制定的開源項目畢業標準，也是開放原子開源基金會對於項目畢業工作的重要探索。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會自2020年6月成立至今，已經接收了8個開源項目進入孵化階段。這些孵化期的開源項目應該朝着什麼方向去發展？如何幫助這些開源項目發展得更好？畢業標準是非常重要的一把標尺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"實際上，關於畢業標準的討論在2020年9月就被擺上了TOC例會的議程，先是TOC成員徐亮以及孵化項目導師姜寧在TOC例會上分別做了關於CNCF項目畢業標準、Apache 項目成熟度模型的分享，接着由TOC祕書鬱蔥蔥按照會議決議收集已捐贈項目的對於畢業條件的建議，但是結合以上這些背景工作，最初的幾次線上討論比較發散效率不高。當時臨近TOC季度性的線下會議，TOC成員鄭偉波、孫善寶提議他們整理項目畢業標準的會前材料，供大家討論。由此在浪潮舉行的線下會議上各TOC成員對畢業標準做了一次系統性的梳理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"當前業內已經有不少成熟的開源基金會畢業標準，雖然不同基金會有各自的側重點，但一些核心原則是比較類似的，共性大於個性。因此這次在制定畢業標準草稿版本時首先參考借鑑成熟的基金會畢業標準（包括ASF、CNCF等）做了一個大致的分類，然後對每個分類下面的條目進行梳理融合並做英中翻譯，TOC成員再針對每一條細則逐一討論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"由於TOC成員數量較多，且TOC例會每兩週召開一次，畢業標準從草稿到最終敲定耗費了半年多時間。18位TOC成員經過多輪會議反覆討論，在4月23號召開的成都線下會議上，大家終於對畢業標準所有條目達成一致。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圍繞畢業標準的制定過程、核心原則和後續規劃等問題，InfoQ採訪了開放原子基金會TOC主席堵俊平和TOC成員許勇、張鐸、鄭偉波，希望能幫助大家更好地瞭解這個畢業標準是如何誕生的以及它對於國內開源社區的價值。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"核心原則"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在畢業標準討論過程中，TOC首先會針對一些核心原則快速達成共識，這些核心原則對應了畢業標準中幾個大的分類，包括代碼與文檔、流程、許可證與版權、發佈、質量、社區、共識建立、中立性、成熟度等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果沒有一定數量的活躍用戶和開發者，開源項目是不可持續發展的。鄭偉波認爲，畢業標準怎麼制定，最根本地還是要從項目開發者和使用者的角度來考慮。爲什麼開源項目要畢業？爲什麼要設立這些標準？一個符合畢業標準的開源項目，應該要讓用戶感覺是成熟可靠且可以方便使用的。而中立性、流程、社區、版權等等這些最基本的問題，對用戶和開發者的影響是最大的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"中立性和廣泛應用度在討論畢業標準時是TOC格外看重的。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"首先是中立性，TOC希望畢業的開源項目是獨立於任何公司或組織的，項目必須有不少於三方的核心評審團隊，這樣其他企業的用戶才能夠放心使用。如果一個項目很大很成功，但是核心團隊只來自於一兩家企業，這種情況是大家不希望看到的。其次是廣泛的應用度，即要求開源項目的用戶數量達到一定的基準條件，TOC希望畢業的開源項目是真正有落地實用價值的，要能夠在生產環境實實在在地跑起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"堵俊平補充表示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"公開透明"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"也是非常重要的一點。首先是本身開發過程的公開透明，作爲一個社區化的項目，要求所有代碼都經過公開的Review、公開的合入，在公開Review階段，所有大的Issue，包括安全問題、代碼質量問題，社區參與者都可以公開提意見，代碼提交人員要接納這些意見進行修改，最後合入。包括代碼貢獻者需要滿足哪些貢獻指標才能成爲項目的Committer和PMC，也需要基於公開透明的原則和策略來制定。其次是發佈流程要公開透明，用戶拿到開源代碼只需要使用公開可獲得、甚至免費的發佈工具就能夠發佈二進制文件，而不能說發佈依賴於某一個商業軟件或特定的閉源模塊，這樣這個開源項目才能真正應用起來。最後是社區的治理要公開透明，包括Committer和PMC的選拔機制，以及這些人員做決策的過程，都需要對所有社區參與者公開透明，不能簡單地私下指定。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何“接地氣”？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在開放原子基金會成立之初，許勇就曾表示，“希望能做一個接地氣兒的基金會。”對於中國開發者來說，開放原子開源基金會接地氣的表現之一，就是可以用中文溝通、沒有語言門檻。包括在這次出爐的畢業標準中，對項目文檔是否使用英文也沒有硬性要求，中英文均可。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"是否採用雙語策略、什麼時候選擇雙語策略主要由項目社區自行決定，基金會不做過多幹預。而畢業標準本身，所有條目都有中英文兩個版本，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方便更多中國開源參與者閱讀使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"作爲衡量開源項目的標尺，畢業標準條目的表述需要便於所有導師、TOC更好地去評估這個項目，保證項目不出現偏差。因此，怎麼保證畢業標準條目中文版本的用詞表述準確、符合中文語境，就顯得格外重要。幾位TOC成員均表示，針對表述問題的討論是比較花時間的，這裏的表述既包括英中翻譯準確性，也有措辭寬鬆還是嚴格的權衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"堵俊平表示，很多時候，TOC成員對於畢業標準細則要表達的意思是可以達成一致的，但還要進一步考慮用詞是不是可以很好地量化，措辭到底是寬鬆一些好還是嚴格一些好。這中間涉及怎麼平衡的問題，可能就要來來回回討論很多輪、反覆斟酌才能最終敲定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"比如爲了保證發佈的公開透明，“代碼與文檔”類別中有一條“可以使用常用的標準工具對項目代碼進行重複構建”（OA-CD-20）。一開始使用的措辭是“常用的開源工具”，但是TOC討論後覺得不一定要是開源工具，有些常用的免費工具也可以。如果措辭限制太嚴格，只允許使用常用的開源工具，那可能很多項目就進不來了，因爲很多項目原本整個編譯工具鏈就很長，可能涉及幾十個編譯工具，如果都要滿足這個要求需要做大規模的改造，並不現實。但從另一個方面來看，如果措辭太寬泛，有些項目在邊緣用了一些很小衆的商業化工具，又會給大量用戶實際使用中的編譯和發佈帶來不便。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"類似的圍繞措辭的爭論出現過很多次，TOC在討論過程中的基本原則是儘量保留一定的靈活性，避免寫得太死反而把項目引導到一個錯誤的方向上去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"另外，由於畢業標準參考了國外成熟開源基金會的一些標準，就免不了涉及很多翻譯用詞準確性的問題。雖然前期草稿版本已經做了很多翻譯工作，但在後續討論過程中，TOC發現有一些翻譯用詞可能不是特別準確，要怎麼把原有的意思準確地表達出來，這部分也花了比較長時間討論和斟酌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"InfoQ在翻看畢業標準的時候就發現了一個典型的例子，在第六部分Community（社區）類別中，有一個條目提到“社區要符合賢能治理的精神”（OA-CO-40），英文原文是“The community strives to be meritocratic”，但實際上meritocratic這個詞在中文裏更多時候會翻譯成“精英治理”（包括ASF自己做的翻譯也是如此）。那爲什麼要將它翻譯成“賢能治理”而非“精英治理”呢？這其實也是基於本土化和匹配中文語境的考慮。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"堵俊平表示，在當下的中文語境裏，“精英”這個詞通常會被認爲是少數派、小圈子，但開源應該是面向大衆的集市模式，因此與“精英”這個詞是有些矛盾的。這個條目背後反映的機制其實是希望開發者不斷在實踐中歷練，然後一步步通過自己的貢獻從貢獻者進階到Committer再到PMC，贏得更多人的信任，“賢能治理”能夠更好地反映這套機制背後的精神。按照許勇的理解，“賢能”代表不光要自己強，還要能夠在社區中影響別人、得到大家的認可，如果一個人自己很強但是合作做的不好，大家不認可，那這個人可能是一個很牛的精英，但是算不上“賢能”。因此，基於開源項目社區生態的屬性考慮，“賢能治理”的翻譯更加貼切。而在張鐸看來，這幾年很多詞在中文語境下的意思已經發生變化了，有些中性詞如今也變成了貶義詞。雖然精英理論上是指誰強誰上，但現在大家可能會更多將它理解爲一小撥高階人羣。隨着中文語境下很多詞語內涵的變化，中文翻譯也必須跟着變化，否則就很容易造成誤解。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從孵化到畢業"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，進入基金會的開源項目只分爲兩個階段，孵化和畢業。對於處在不同階段的開源項目，基金會會提供不同的支持。對於孵化階段的開源項目，可能開源的狀態還不是特別成熟，這時候基金會主要的工作就是在開放治理的方向爲項目提供輔導，幫助項目更好地面向社區開放，同時構建一個相對健康的多元化的社區文化，使其變成一個真正社區化項目。對於已經畢業的開源項目，它在開源社區構建上已經足夠成熟，那麼基金會更多的工作會在產業化推廣上，包括面向產業和商業應用方面的推廣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在開源項目孵化的過程中，畢業標準是重要的量尺，而導師則擔任引導者的角色，二者共同幫助項目按照社區設定好的方向健康發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據介紹，導師主要由志願者組成，基金會會進行公開徵集，包括內部推薦、TOC推薦或從基金會成員開源圈子裏推薦一些合適的人來擔任。推薦後候選人需要向TOC做導師陳述，介紹自己的開源相關經歷、背景以及爲什麼要成爲這個孵化項目的導師。導師主要的職責是讓開源項目按照一個比較正規的開源項目的模式運行下去，最終幫助項目畢業，而不在於代碼層面的指導。如果想要成爲開源項目的導師，候選人首先需要承諾貢獻出一些自己的時間來幫助項目成長，其次要具備一定的開源領域開發經驗和輔導開源項目的經驗，能夠指出項目開發流程不規範、法律合規不規範或社區氛圍不友好等等問題並輔導社區解決問題。如果候選人有其他開源基金會的實際工作經驗，或者本身就是某個基金會開源項目的導師，則會成爲額外加分項。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，導師也是TOC跟開源項目之間的一個橋樑。TOC主要把控項目進入孵化流程和畢業這兩個關鍵節點的審覈，但由於TOC本身人數和精力有限，更多需要藉助一個開放性的組織，也就是導師團隊來幫助孵化階段的開源項目走向成熟。導師要定期跟開源項目溝通，並定期跟基金會TOC反饋項目進度。在開源項目畢業的時候，雖然是由TOC來做決策，但是TOC決策的輸入很大程度上來源於導師的反饋。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"堵俊平表示，TOC希望導師在與開源項目創始團隊有合作關係的同時，也要有比較清晰的分工，導師應該是一個客觀的第三方，而不是完全來自於某個項目或企業。爲了保證導師的中立性，基金會在導師選用方面也設定了一些標準，比如在一個項目上，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#40485b","name":"user"}}],"text":"來自於項目捐獻單位的導師不得超過50%"},{"type":"text","text":"，比如某個項目有五個導師，如果有三個都來自於項目捐獻單位，這是不允許的。通過這樣的標準，才能保證導師發揮好監督者的作用，一方面輔導項目畢業，告訴項目畢業的靶子在那裏；另一方面，如果這個項目確實做得不夠好，導師在做好引導的同時也要誠懇地向TOC反饋項目的實際情況和存在的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於一個開源項目從捐贈給基金會到畢業預計需要多長時間，堵俊平表示，由於目前基金會成立的時間還比較短，暫時沒有從孵化階段畢業的項目，因此很難給出一個確切的時間，但"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參照業界標準，這個時間通常會在1-2年左右。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續迭代"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"衡量一個基金會做的好不好，最重要的一點就是有沒有好的、有影響力的開源項目，而畢業標準的作用就是牽引那些捐獻給基金會的開源項目朝更好的方向發展。因此這次畢業標準的出爐，不論是對於開放原子開源基金會本身，還是對於國內的開源社區，都有很重要的意義。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會作爲國內第一家開源基金會，這次發佈的畢業標準自然也是國內首個由本土開源基金會制定的開源項目畢業標準。堵俊平表示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"這意味着中國開源向專業化和規範化方向邁出了重要的一步。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"其次，制定這版畢業標準的TOC成員除了參與開放原子開源基金會的工作，很多同時也參與了ASF、CNCF、OpenStack等國外大型基金會的工作，大家會把很多成熟基金會里好的原則帶入到這份畢業標準中，使之更多元化、兼容幷包。最後，這份畢業標準爲基金會項目未來的發展規劃指明瞭方向，結合全球趨勢和中國國情，最符合當下情況的開源項目應該是什麼樣的，TOC成員在標準制定過程中已經達成了共識。實際上，即使一個開源項目沒有捐贈給任何基金會，如果它未來想要構建出成功的社區生態，也可以借鑑參考畢業標準指出的方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但如前文提到的，目前開放原子開源基金會暫時還沒有從孵化階段畢業的項目，因此這份畢業標準尚未經過實際項目的驗證。它是否能夠真正做到“接地氣”，適不適合中國具體的情況、中國開發者的情況，適不適合國內開源項目本身的情況，都還需要在實踐當中去驗證和打磨，才能得出最終結論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因此，畢業標準不是固定不變的，而是會不斷演進和迭代。在項目實際孵化過程中，畢業標準可能還會暴露出一些之前沒有發現的問題，比如可能有一些條款並不適用於國內實際情況，或者有些措辭模糊的地方可能會容易被鑽漏洞，這些都需要在實踐當中發現並改進。堵俊平透露，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"TOC已經對畢業標準後續的演進規劃做了一些討論，接下來可能會採用版本發佈的方式逐步更新。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"比如先公開第一個版本1.0，多方徵求意見，如果有一些比較重大的改進，TOC會快速做修訂，同時也會規劃一個比較穩定的版本發佈節奏，保證畢業標準不斷演進的同時版本變化不至於太快，如果變動過於頻繁對於正在孵化的項目本身也不公平。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結語"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"相比前幾年，如今參與貢獻開源項目的中國開發者數量已經有了大幅提升。根據GitHub在2019年發佈的年度報告，GitHub 上已有超過 4000 萬開發人員、近 300 萬個組織帳戶，其中來自中國的貢獻者數量僅次於美國。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但另一方面，由中國開發者主導的有影響力的開源項目還非常少。在參與開源的過程中，很多關於開源治理、社區生態運營、開源合規等方面的難題，依然困擾着每一位投身開源的人"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#41464b","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"},{"type":"text","text":"未來，隨着畢業標準不斷完善，是否會有更多源自中國、面向全球的有影響力的開源項目從開放原子開源基金會走出去，讓我們拭目以待。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採訪嘉賓介紹"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"堵俊平："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會TOC主席、Apache軟件基金會Member、華爲計算開源總經理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"許勇："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會TOC成員、騰訊技術委員會委員、騰訊開源辦公室執行總監"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"張鐸："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會TOC成員、Apache軟件基金會Member、前小米開源委員會主席、神策數據首席架構師"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"鄭偉波："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"開放原子開源基金會TOC成員、浪潮國際CTO、浪潮開源技術委員會主席"}]}]}