基礎軟件黃金時代,百度智能云爲什麼選擇了openEuler?

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者 | 蔡芳芳"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採訪嘉賓 | 王耀"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"6 月 10 日,"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/openeuler.org\/zh\/interaction\/summit-list\/devday2021\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler Developer Day 2021"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 在北京召開。會上,百度智能雲傑出研發架構師王耀宣佈,百度已經加入 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/gitee.com\/openeuler","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 社區,基於 openEuler 打造的百度 Linux 智能雲操作系統將在近期正式上線百度智能雲,成爲百度智能雲計算實例的公共鏡像,目前該系統正在做最後階段的測試工作。此外,未來百度智能雲也會將更多 AI 技術沉澱貢獻給 openEuler 社區。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲首家加入 openEuler 社區的頭部互聯網大廠,百度智能云爲什麼“相中”openEuler?在操作系統層面百度正在做哪些工作?對於 openEuler 未來的發展,百度智能雲還有什麼樣的期待?"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"帶着這些問題,InfoQ 獨家採訪了百度智能雲傑出研發架構師王耀,請他跟我們聊聊百度智能雲與 openEuler 的故事。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/ed\/ed4f929ab9c93a37654fe24e5677f3a4.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源與開放"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自 2010 年加入百度之後,王耀一直從事基礎架構相關工作,不僅見證了開源大潮在國內的興起,也親身經歷了百度在開源戰略上的轉變。目前,開源軟件在百度內部技術棧中已經有相當廣泛的使用。在選用第三方開源軟件時,百度主要基於自有的《第三方開源軟件引入規範》來判斷,該規範的核心是兩個鼓勵、兩個禁止——鼓勵使用開源軟件,尤其是各語言指導委員會推薦的開發庫;鼓勵使用各種語言的標準包管理方式來使用開源軟件;禁止使用安全部列明的高危開源軟件;禁止直接拷貝代碼到業務的代碼庫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時,百度也積極對外貢獻了很多優秀的開源項目,當前最流行的Web 可視化庫之一 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/echarts.apache.org\/zh\/index.html","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Apache ECharts"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、分佈式 OLAP 存儲 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/doris.apache.org\/master\/zh-CN\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Doris"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、深度學習平臺飛漿 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/PaddlePaddle","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PaddlePaddle"}]},{"type":"text","text":"、自動駕駛平臺 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/ApolloAuto\/apollo","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Apollo"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 等都是其中的佼佼者。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在王耀看來,國內開源社區正在發生一些好的變化,即摒棄了原先國內公司可能因爲自身利益而拒絕使用另一家公司開源的組件這種做法,前提是這個開源項目做得足夠好且足夠開放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而這次百度與 openEuler 社區的合作,再一次印證了這個變化。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度與 openEuler 的故事"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度智能雲的工程師每天都要面對一些客戶的 Guest 問題,這些 Guest 問題涉及各種各樣的發行版。作爲雲廠商,百度智能雲一直想要構建一套自己的發行版,一方面可以降低維護代價,另一方面可以更靈活的引入一些 PV 優化來實現更好的虛擬化性能。但這項工作一直沒能開展起來,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"隨着 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/lists.centos.org\/pipermail\/centos-announce\/2020-December\/048208.html","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Red Hat 宣佈停止維護 CentOS 8"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 的消息疊加外部信創的潮流,促使百度智能雲下定決心啓動構建自己的操作系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過深思熟慮之後,百度智能雲團隊決定還是要背靠一個開放的社區,基於社區版本做一些定製優化、推出自己的發行版操作系統。王耀表示,現在有越來越多的工作負載跑在雲上並且與 AI 相關,百度智能雲團隊想要做一款操作系統,依託於百度智能雲,更多面向雲環境、虛擬化環境和 AI 負載做針對性優化,這是做百度智能雲 OS 的初衷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那到底要選擇哪一個開放社區呢?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度智能雲團隊與 openEuler 最初的結緣頗有些巧合成分。在決定要做百度智能雲 OS 之後,團隊開始調研各大操作系統社區。最初,團隊對於openEuler 社區的開放性還是有一些顧慮的,但經過深入瞭解後,百度智能雲團隊打消了顧慮。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王耀認爲,openEuler 社區確實做到了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"足夠開放"},{"type":"text","text":",openEuler 支持多種不同的內核、芯片和體系架構,社區中既有像飛騰、安培、兆芯等芯片廠商,也有像麒麟、統信等操作系統廠商,早在 2020 年 12 月發佈的 openEuler 20.09 版本中就已經做到來自華爲以外的貢獻比例接近 40%,這些都印證了 openEuler 社區生態的開放性和活躍度,“扭轉了我認爲它可能有太多華爲烙印的偏見”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,openEuler 在"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"技術自主"},{"type":"text","text":"方面也做得足夠好,它是基於軟件的 up stream 最新版本直接 build 並構建整個操作系統,這跟早些年 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxfromscratch.org\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Linux From Scratch(LFS)"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","text":" 從源碼編譯一個操作系統異曲同工,“這是一件非常酷、非常了不起的事情”。王耀表示,開放和自主是百度智能雲選擇 openEuler 非常核心的兩個原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時,結合國內軟件發展趨勢,加入 openEuler 這個國內最大的操作系統開放社區、基於 openEuler 來構建百度自己的發行版操作系統,對於長遠發展來說也是一個更好的選擇。openEuler 在新芯片支持和新內核特性支持上做了非常多的工作,爲其大範圍的推廣奠定了基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前百度智能雲團隊與 openEuler 的合作只是剛剛開始,現階段雙方正在合力構建百度智能雲自己的發行版。當前還在做一些比較細緻的測試和調優,主要是爲了把百度的很多測試項優化點都做進去,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"最終目標要讓這個發行版操作系統在每個方面都優於 CentOS 8。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據百度智能雲團隊的規劃,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基於 openEuler 構建的百度 Linux 智能雲操作系統不僅會用在百度智能雲的計算實例上,也會在百度內部推廣使用。"},{"type":"text","text":"未來百度智能雲 OS 主要會應用於以下三個場景:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一個場景是針對雲上的虛擬化場景,百度會做一些 Guest 和Host 協同的虛擬化優化工作,同時將虛擬化的 Cost 做得越來越小,甚至接近於 0 損耗,目標是使上了虛擬化之後比以前跑在物理機上性能更好;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二個場景是針對 AI 工作負載的場景,百度會將在 AI 方面的技術沉澱都集成到這個操作系統裏去。對於很多 AI 開發者來說,構建 AI 開發環境是一項步驟極其繁瑣且非常耗時的工作,但通常又不得不做。百度希望能把諸如驅動安裝、各種開發庫安裝、管理軟件安裝等工作都內置到新的發行版中完成,優化 AI 開發者的開發體驗,使他們可以更輕鬆地啓動 AI 工作負載;"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三種場景是百度自用場景,即部署在百度 IDC 服務器上使用,實現 CentOS 替代。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在百度 Linux 智能雲操作系統正式發佈之後,百度智能雲團隊的同學計劃加入到 openEuler 社區的內核、AI、虛擬化等 SIG 組中,並承擔一些軟件包的維護工作,未來也會把更多百度在 AI 方面的能力逐步貢獻到 openEuler 社區中,其中包括百度即將開源的雲原生機器學習核心 Paddle Flow。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎軟件的黃金時代"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近幾年,在產業發展、政策等多方面因素的助推之下,我們見證了國內基礎軟件領域的快速崛起。在王耀看來,現在是基礎軟件的黃金時代,也是體系結構和 AI 應用的黃金時代。AI 應用、產業互聯網和開源已經發展到一個相對比較成熟的階段,正是從事基礎軟件研發的優秀人才可以大展身手的時候。王耀相信,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未來中國一定會湧現出自己的 Oracle、MongoDB 和 ElasticSearch,在基礎軟件層面會成長出更多市值十億美金甚至百億美金的創業公司,而開源將在其中發揮非常重要的作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"再回到開源項目本身,如果一個開源項目要持續、穩定的運營下去,並被更多開發者和企業所採納,王耀認爲有兩點非常關鍵。首先這個開源項目一定是面向某一個場景的,能夠解決這個場景的某個問題,有比較大的社會價值,這應該是做開源項目的出發點;其次這個開源項目要足夠開放,能夠吸引大量個人開發者、企業開發者加入社區共同努力,單一或少數幾家公司面臨的場景和投入的資源都是有限的,如果要讓開源項目的社會價值發揮到最大,就需要有更多組織一起參與一起貢獻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於 openEuler 社區未來的發展,王耀有很高的期望:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我希望 openEuler 能夠成長爲一個國際知名的操作系統社區,就像CentOS 一樣,將視野拉到全球層面,才能發揮更大的社會價值。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度是首個加入 openEuler 社區的互聯網公司,王耀希望未來 openEuler能夠吸引更多國內互聯網公司、運營商加入,甚至逐步吸引一些國外企業也加入到社區裏,如此一來,openEuler 纔有可能真正成爲全球知名的操作系統社區。王耀也非常期待,百度這次與 openEuler 社區的合作能夠在國內開源社區起到一個比較好的示範作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源需要大家共建,而不是你玩你的、我玩我的,大家一起玩才能把社區做大。早些年國內很多企業只有競爭沒有合作,但最近情況正在發生變化,企業之間很多時候既有競爭又有合作,甚至在開源社區中慢慢開始合作大於競爭,這是一個好兆頭。對於未來國內基礎軟件和開源軟件的發展來說,無疑是一件好事。"}]}]}]}
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