蘋果 M1 芯片爆漏洞，想修復就必須重新設計

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說，所有芯片都有缺陷，芯片廠商會將其統計到“勘誤表”裏，而用戶通常不會知道。並且，勘誤表裏的缺陷要麼無害，要麼由芯片製造商處理，而不向公衆披露。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，開發者赫克託・馬丁（"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/marcan42","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hector Martin"}]},{"type":"text","text":"）撰寫了一份報告，披露了一個新發現的蘋果 M1 芯片漏洞，並表示，該漏洞“被嵌在 Apple Silicon 芯片中”，“如果要修復這一漏洞，必須重新設計芯片”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"漏洞到底有多嚴重？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"赫克託・馬丁是 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/asahilinux.org\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ashai Linux"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 創始人兼項目負責人，其在漏洞報告中闡述了漏洞的處理方式，漏洞對軟件運行、數據安全以及隱私的影響。馬丁提到，自己已經給 [email protected] 發送了電子郵件。蘋果承認該漏洞並將其編號爲 CVE-2021-30747。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，馬丁在漏洞的執行摘要中寫到，“Apple Silicon 'M1' 芯片設計中的一個缺陷允許在操作系統下運行的任何兩個應用程序之間祕密交換數據，而無需使用內存、套接字、文件或任何其他正常操作系統功能。這在以不同用戶身份運行並在不同權限級別下運行的進程之間起作用，爲祕密數據交換創建了一個隱蔽通道”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但其實，用戶無需擔心這個漏洞，因爲這個漏洞對正常運行的軟件沒有影響。有媒體問馬丁這個漏洞有多嚴重“如果以 1 到 10 來對這個漏洞的嚴重程度進行評分，10 分是最壞的，你會怎麼打幾分？”馬丁回答到，“2 分，因爲它對正常運行的軟件沒有任何影響。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說，所有芯片都有缺陷，芯片廠商會將其統計到“勘誤表”裏，而用戶通常不會知道。並且，勘誤表裏的缺陷要麼無害，要麼由芯片製造商處理，而不向公衆披露。因此，這類漏洞更多隻是一個新聞事件，對用戶使用產品沒有實質性影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在媒體採訪的最後，馬丁強調到，“除非你的系統已經受到威脅，否則這個漏洞造成的隱蔽頻道完全沒用”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1 芯片性能如何？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_M1","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1 是蘋果首款自研芯片"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，於 2020 年年底正式對外發布，並首次加持在 Mac 上。今年 4 月 21 日凌晨，蘋果在新品發佈會上發佈了衆多新產品，包括 iMAC、iPad Pro 均搭載了自研芯片，M1 芯片陣營再次擴充，引發網友熱議。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實，早在 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.bilibili.com\/video\/av413613608\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 6 月的 WWDC"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 大會上，蘋果就已經宣佈將發佈採用自研芯片的新一代 Macbook 系列產品，但彼時並沒有透露過多的細節。直到 2020 年 11 月 11 日，隨着一系列新產品的亮相，蘋果 M1 芯片的詳細參數和性能表現也走到臺前。   "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/33\/333f95b9e8fd22a3b4b594307428975c.jpeg","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"APPLE M1 PROCESSOR. CREDIT: APPLE"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果方面表示，M1 芯片搭載了許多世界頂級工藝的產品，包括世界上最快的 CPU 內核、最快的 IGPU。“蘋果花了十幾年的時間來創造和優化 Apple 芯片，因爲芯片是 iPhone、iPad 和 Apple Watch 的核心。現在我們希望將其引入 Mac，因此 Mac 可以憑藉令人難以置信的性能、自定義技術和行業領先的芯片來實現巨大的飛躍。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果公司認爲，M1 是迄今爲止性能最高的芯片，並且低功耗高效內核可提供與當前基於英特爾的雙核 MacBook Air 相似的性能。當然，高性能內核要快得多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"遵循長期以來生產 Arm 芯片的標準，CPU 由四個大內核和四個小內核組成。大內核共享 12MB 的 L2 緩存，小內核共享 4MB 的 L2。兩種內核共同工作時，當限於 10W TDP 時，它們的速度是“最新 PC 筆記本電腦芯片”的兩倍，並且如果散熱足夠好，它們的運行速度甚至會更快。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 GPU 方面，M1 將具有多達八個內核和 128 個執行單元。它能夠處理多達 24576 個併發線程，且峯值性能爲 2.6 teraflops。蘋果公司認爲，這將使 Mac 擁有全世界筆記本電腦中最快的集成圖形體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，M1 的 16 核神經網絡引擎，每秒可以完成 11 萬億次運算，機器學習性能大幅提升。機器上還有先進的媒體編碼 \/ 解碼引擎以及圖像信號處理器。蘋果的 Secure Enclave 也嵌入到芯片組中，不需要單獨的 T2 芯片。與大多數非英特爾平臺不同的是，新的芯片組支持 Thunderbolt，因此蘋果用戶將能夠繼續使用快速的外部存儲和其他配件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"M1 芯片性能如此之好，相關產品體驗也很優秀，在用戶心目中佔據了重要位置。這次爆出的漏洞雖然備受關注，但其實並不會影響正常運行的系統。而從蘋果對漏洞的處理反饋來看，態度誠懇而且效率高，體現了優秀企業應有的擔當。相信廣大果粉也可以放心使用搭載了 M1 芯片的蘋果產品了！"}]}]}