浙江移動十年“國產”路：自主可控和雲原生，一個也不能少

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採訪嘉賓 | 王曉徵"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十多年過去了，“去 IOE”浪潮已經逐漸退去，但企業自主可控的腳步卻並未停下，其中不乏在“去 IOE”上取得不錯成效的企業，浙江移動便是其中之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2011 年前，浙江移動還是典型的 IOE 架構，當時研發團隊停留在徹底研究清楚 IOE 體系的階段。但在十年後，雲原生技術不斷升級的同時，浙江移動在“去 IOE”上也取得不小進展：核心應用全部去 I、核心存儲全部去 E，完成了 AntDB、Oceanbase 等 6 類自主可控數據庫的引入，開源或國產數據庫按套數統計佔比達到了 53%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"憑藉這份成績單，浙江移動成爲電信行業單位競相學習和借鑑的對象。那麼在整個期間，浙江移動都做了些什麼？又總結了哪些經驗和感想？InfoQ 對中國移動通信集團首席專家王曉徵進行了專訪，希望可以對大家有所啓發和幫助。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“雲原生 + 自主可控”的雙線程改造"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浙江移動這十年的技術演進，可以總結爲“雲原生 + 自主可控”的同期雙線程改造，這是浙江移動無意中走出來的特色路線，但對於企業整體技術發展卻起了很重要的作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2011 年到 2014 年，是浙江移動雲化架構初步轉型的時期。這三年間，移動互聯網徹底爆發。隨着流量的迅速增長，很多企業的業務支持系統開始面臨大規模、高併發能力的考驗，浙江移動也是其中之一。單體式架構能不能支撐業務量、能否帶來較好的客戶體驗、能否確保系統的穩定性、安全性等，成爲大家討論的焦點問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也是在這個時期，國內“去 IOE”意識徹底覺醒。如果說 2009 年阿里提出“去 IOE”概念時還在被質疑，那麼 13 年“棱鏡門”事件便讓大家真正意識到了“去 IOE”的重要性。當時很多企業已經開始做去 I 去 E 方面的工作，只是並不徹底。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2011 年，浙江移動開始了自己的自主可控探索歷程。這年年底，浙江移動基本去掉了 CRM 系統的小型機，換上了 X86、虛擬機，同時開始升級應用開發框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些改變讓浙江移動嚐到了技術帶來的甜頭。“過去，我們常常因一臺小型機宕機就要深更半夜跑去搶修、維護，但在最後一臺小機退服後，運維同事再也沒有因爲這個加過班。”事情很小，卻讓王曉徵印象深刻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"之後，浙江移動把目光轉向了數據庫。當時的數據庫只能放在 I 和 E 上，浙江移動的計劃是至少從一個技術方向上做突破。13 年底，浙江移動啓動了數據庫層面的國產化一體機方案，用了近 4 年的時間實現全部服務器 X86 化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個時期，浙江移動逐漸降低了對傳統 IE 設備的依賴，同時開始探索核心數據庫如何擺脫對底層 IE 依賴。這個階段在浙江移動內部被稱爲“雲原生 1.0”階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2015 年到 2018 年，浙江移動迎來微服務架構的重要轉型時期，即被稱爲“雲原生 2.0”的進階階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個時期，4G 業務快速發展，IT 系統除了要扛住流量增長，還要能夠快速響應各種業務的要求。高容量和對響應速度的要求開始讓傳統的架構和研發方式難以招架，研發部門常常要花很多的時間和精力去滿足各種業務需要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲走出當時的困境，享受過技術紅利的浙江移動再次將目光放到了技術升級上。在 16 到 17 年的中心化項目中，浙江移動以微服務化領域自治爲原則，將業務支撐系統拆解成系列高內聚低耦合的業務中心，各業務中心應用和數據庫基本獨立。這也爲之後數據庫去 O 打下了基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，浙江移動在自主可控方面也有了很大進展。2017 年，全部核心庫實現 X86 化去 I 去 E，基本實現 CRM 系統全面微服務化及容器化、中間件全面自主可控；18 年，實現全部 CRM&BOSS 系統微服務化及容器化，浙江移動也成爲電信行業第一個實現全部核心系統存儲自主可控、去 E 替換的單位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得注意的是，去 E 並非有意爲之。起初，浙江移動並沒有非要核心存儲去 E，只是在實踐中發現，架構的升級必然會伴隨着一些技術的淘汰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“當時浙江移動的核心繫統已經實現去 I，容器平臺變得非常關鍵。有一次容器平臺發生抖動，經排查後發現是因底層存儲性能不穩定引起的。雖然有多種解決方案，但我們意識到這個零件其實是多餘的。那我們爲什麼要修好一個多餘的零件？”王曉徵講道。當時浙江移動的應用架構已經完全是分佈式的，不再需要集中式存儲，最後該存儲被下掉了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年至今，到了浙江移動“雲原生 3.0”的發展後期。這期間，浙江移動的主要目標就是雲原生技術升級和自主可控轉型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這一階段，王曉徵最大的直觀感受就是升級中不再做大的系統割接。之前，浙江移動要用小步快跑的方式改進，將一次大割接分成幾十次小割接，而現在浙江移動已經具備了全業務灰度發佈的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/9a\/9a1b09a251c5a41a3c825de791e72fd2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浙江移動割接期間全省業務量環比變化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浙江移動通過充分利用冗餘資源和容器彈性伸縮的敏捷能力，實現了雙平面架構。升級發佈時，浙江移動將兩個平面的應用引到一個平面，然後在另一個沒有使用的平面做引流發佈，這樣實現了部署與發佈的分離。基於灰度架構能力，目前浙江移動上線次數增加了 100%，75% 需求在白天上線，上線故障減少 80%，大型項目割接業務影響降低 99%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"X86 系統架構在供應鏈安全上並非完美。近兩年，浙江移動在覈心繫統上用華爲鯤鵬芯片和 X86 做了一個異構的雙平面承載，在 19 年 10 月，全部 CRM&BOSS 核心系統承載到自主可控鯤鵬 &X86 異構雙平面上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年 11 月，浙江移動實現全部小機下線，徹底去 I。2020 年進一步擴大 ARM 資源池規模及應用遷移範圍，並在 11 月完成最核心的交易型數據庫軟硬件自主可控。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王曉徵看來，雲原生架構升級和自主可控改造是互相促進的關係。雲原生不斷演進不僅降低了自主可控改造難度，同時倒逼團隊提升研發和運維能力，在自主可控改造上發揮更大的作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去 O 不只是產品與產品間的替代"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體到數據庫去 O 問題，這並不簡單。數據庫去 O 時，主要會面臨以下風險："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據安全。去 O 本質上是在用一個不成熟的產品替代一個成熟產品。需要承認的是，國產數據庫在成熟度、適配性等方面或多或少存在些問題，與 Oracle 有一定的差距。替換過程中，數據的完好轉移、存儲會是一個考驗，數據丟失有時比業務中斷更可怕。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"穩定性。數據庫替換後，關鍵是要做業務遷移。國產數據庫與 Oracle 數據庫很多方面並不兼容，需要進行很多改造工作，尤其核心繫統的遷移對安全性和穩定性的要求更高，整個評估、改造和測試的工作量非常大。所以，替換成國產數據庫後不可避免地會產生新的投資和維護成本。從這個層面來講，業務從 Oracle 數據庫遷移到國產數據庫的成本並不低。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"割接問題。數據庫割接對數據的持久化、準確性和校驗等是很大的考驗，如果用時間換空間策略進行規避，又可能出現停機等問題，這就很容易被客戶感知到，甚至引起投訴。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但實際上，數據安全問題並沒有成爲浙江移動改造過程中的很大阻礙。在“雲原生 1.0”階段，浙江移動的數據庫已經按地市進行了從省到市等更細化地拆分，在微服務改造時又做了垂直拆分，整個過程下來，核心數據庫的體量已經大幅度變小。通過控制數據庫體量和有效改造數據庫鏈和存儲過程方式，最大程度地保護了數據安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“技術發展就是一個不斷積累的過程。很多時候都是第二階段進行了積累，第三階段就很快用上了，併成爲了非常重要的助力。國產化改造也是如此。”王曉徵說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對最重要的穩定性問題，浙江移動採取了整體架構去 O 而非直接換庫的方式。浙江移動在數據庫和應用之間增加了數據庫中間件 DADB，將部分功能和風險放到中間件上，實現應用與數據庫解耦的同時，彌補自主可控數據庫性能、穩定性等方面的不足。這種方式雖然對團隊在管控和運維方面提出了更高的要求，但卻是將問題轉化到了浙江移動更擅長的領域內，從而實現了不可控到可控。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/0a\/0afceaaba009d522f74def7348e9d3ec.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浙江移動架構去 O 思路"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在割接問題上，運維團隊發揮了很大的作用。上線前，運維團隊針對新的國產數據庫進行了大量的功能和壓力測試，有問題便能及早發現，大大降低了割接風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在王曉徵看來，去 O 不是簡單的產品與產品間的替代，而是架構與架構間的替代。在做技術選型時，企業不能一味地技術崇拜，而是要找到最適合自己業務的技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，主流的架構可以分爲單層庫、分佈式數據庫和雲原生數據庫。單體庫最傳統、體驗也最差，存算分離的雲原生數據庫比較好，而分佈式數據庫架構最激進、似乎也最理想。只從技術角度考慮都有一定的道理，但在實際應用中卻並非如此。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每種數據庫有不同的使用場景和產品，不同產品的成熟度也不一樣。單層數據庫雖然並行性、可擴展性較差，但架構簡單，使用門檻會比較低、安全問題也會小一些。另外，如果單層庫可以與一個發展較快的硬件結合，那它自身的天花板也會提高，逐漸可以滿足更多的場景。分佈式數據庫在自動化程度、容量等方面有很大的優勢，但是也存在一些問題，比如不能突破的 CAP 原理。企業可以想辦法做平衡，但肯定會犧牲一些性能，並使開發遷移成本提高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了技術問題上的考量，產品生態和對外商務合作也是選擇國產數據庫時需要注意的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前數據庫生態基本上有兩類：一類是基於開源演進的數據庫，另一類是完全自研的數據庫。前者生態比較活躍，但也存在數據庫掌控難等問題，而後者自主可控程度更高，但可能會面臨生態問題，兩者各有利弊。而商務合作其實是關係到了企業供應鏈的安全。如果選擇了一個性能、技術控制上都不錯的數據庫，但在生態合作上有距離的話，就存在不可持續的供應鏈風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然在提倡去 O，但這並不意味着對立。王曉徵強調，對於企業而言，保護供應鏈生態、發展自主可控技術路線是必要的，但與國外供應商保持良好的生態合作也很重要，兩者並不是非此即彼的關係。在未來很長一段時期內，國產數據庫會和國外商業數據庫將會並存，浙江移動對於國外商業數據庫支出也不會下降。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"容易被忽視的運維轉型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"必須承認的是，國產數據庫與 Oracle 還存在着一定的差距。國產數據庫一些性能不如 Oracle，兩者機制也不同，在數據庫去 O 過程中，國產數據庫需要充分的時間與業務磨合。在這個過程中，運維會發揮巨大的作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通常情況下，團隊交付產品有三種降低風險的方式：本身穩定性好、中間切換成功率高和有強大的運維保障。如果這三道防線中沒有任何一道防線靠譜，那麼設備的風險就很大。運維工作作爲重要一環，主要任務便是故障域隔離、降低故障概率和降低故障時長，團隊快速、及時感知問題、找到並解決問題的能力就很重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"之前單體式架構穩定、故障率較低，排障也比較容易，但隨着架構升級，排障難度也會隨着升級。同時在自主改造初期，國產設備故障率也會相對較高，排障過程比較複雜。這時，完全靠人力是不行的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在浙江移動提出的“數據匯通、能力融通、組織拉通和機器溝通”的“四通”概念中，機器溝通是很重要的一部分。機器溝通不存在信息接受損失，可以降低溝通成本，並將人從繁瑣重複的勞動中解放出來。“一個庫在快‘倒下’時，數字化運維會把它‘扶起來’。我們天天都在扶，靠我們的 AIOps 去‘扶’。”王曉徵說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國產庫的一些原生版本在子事務鎖上數量有限制，如果沿用之前的開發習慣，新國產庫上的子事務鎖會很快耗盡，一旦耗盡則意味着這個數據庫不能用了。這個問題通過版本升級更新可以解決，但需要比較長的時間。這個期間，數字化運維體系可以將問題提前偵測到，並做自動化處理，同時不被外界感知。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過多年的容器化微服務改造，浙江移動已經非常擅長處理複雜的運維問題。通過建立數字化運維團隊的建立，浙江移動增強了將“急性病變成慢性病”的能力，而這些能力在做自主可控時又得到了充分發揮。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與常規運維團隊不同的是，浙江移動的新型數字化運維團隊不僅是運維團隊，也是架構改造和優化團隊。比如，要實現故障自愈需要逃生通道，但有的系統沒有逃生通道，那麼在做架構優化時，新型運維團隊就可以自己加上逃生通道，且不需要太多研發支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"浙江移動團隊經歷了從毫無經驗，到編制常見故障標準手冊，再到將這些標準變成自動化的腳本的過程，通過不斷地積累，現在的系統已經很少出現問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“成功是一個很漫長的過程，運維保障體系的建立是一個作用很大但不容易被人看到的優勢。”在王曉徵看來，國產數據庫需要一個長時間的技術沉澱和生態運營才能彌補與 Oracle 的差距，單憑砸錢是出不來一個好產品的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於國產數據庫的崛起，王曉徵預測市場會先大浪淘沙篩出一些頭部企業，這些企業在集中研發力量和生態資源發展後逐步成爲巨頭。到了這個階段，國產數據庫才能開始實現從量到質的轉變。王曉徵樂觀估計，整個過程可能需要 10～20 年的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"先行者困惑"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於當前討論的數字化轉型，本質上是生產力由資源驅動向創新驅動的轉變，而創新驅動背後主要依靠技術和數據來支撐。企業大力發展技術是一個必然趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續擴大自主可控覆蓋率還是要堅持做下去，但這對浙江移動來說已經得心應手了，並不是很大的挑戰。真正的挑戰在於，完成從“追趕者”到“領頭羊”角色轉變後，浙江移動未來的路該怎樣走。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對標互聯網企業，浙江移動在過去十年裏以一種“全速奔跑”的狀態努力追趕，這期間哪怕是一個小的改進都會帶來很大的效益。現在，浙江移動在業界已經走在前列，但這也意味着越往後發展，技術所帶來的邊際效應會越小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂“先行者困惑”是現在擺在浙江移動面前的一個重大挑戰，這也是所有高速發展起來的企業都會面臨的問題，而這個問題需要時間和不斷地摸索才能得出最佳答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王曉徵表示，未來浙江移動計劃將從深度和廣度兩方面拓展自己的技術能力。除了繼續深耕雲原生，浙江移動也將深入研究大數據、雲計算、區塊鏈、邊緣計算和人工智能等各種影響架構演進的技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各種新技術的深度融合將成爲未來發展的重要引擎。企業個體引入新技術容易，但要普遍應用就需要整個行業達成共識。這個過程如何進行，對浙江移動來說也是一個任重道遠的課題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"採訪嘉賓介紹："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/fd\/fdcc04b5bf5cf73b65499eb183cede52.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"王曉徵，中國移動通信集團首席專家（IT 領域）、中國移動科協信息技術學部專家，現任中國移動浙江公司信息技術部黨總支書記、總經理，兼任雲智能中心主任，兼任中國移動（浙江）創新研究院常務副院長，Oracle 9i OCM（2003 年中國第一批 Oracle 認證資深專家），華爲 Gauss 數據庫、甲骨文 Oracle 數據庫客戶顧問委員會數據庫專家委員。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}