馬斯克的SpaceX星鏈網遇散熱危機，氣溫過高自動關機

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，美國西南部地區遭遇創紀錄高溫，亞利桑那州多地氣溫超 45℃。熱浪襲擊下，馬斯克的 SpaceX 星鏈網迎來散熱危機。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Starlink 因溫度過高致關機"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近日，SpaceX 的星鏈網 Starlink 與美國西南部不斷飆升的高溫作鬥爭。根據"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/7kvkga\/spacexs-satellite-internet-shuts-down-because-its-too-hot-in-arizona","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"外媒 VICE 的報道"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，有多名 Starlink 用戶表示，他們在使用過程中遇到了過熱關機問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"亞利桑那州的一名 Starlink 測試版用戶 Martin 表示，他的用戶終端在正午陽光下關閉。據其描述，當他的互聯網服務中斷時，Starlink 應用程序會提供一條錯誤消息稱“離線：熱關機”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d7\/0e\/d75f4d204636f05f619574e99510990e.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"設備離線後，他聯繫了 Starlink 客服，對方表示“Dishy（Starlink 衛星天線用戶終端也被稱爲 Dishy McFlatface）將在 122°F（50℃）時進入熱關斷狀態，並在達到 104°F（40℃）時重新啓動”。隨後，他使用軟管對其進行噴灑，中斷了 7 個多小時之後，設備終於在晚上 7 點左右重新啓動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d4\/c7\/d480744376a03b3517452d15999ba2c7.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Starlink 客服的回覆似乎證實了，用戶終端的溫度上限是 122°F，也就是說，當溫度達到 122°F 時，Starlink 會自動進入熱關閉狀態。值得一提的是，雖然當地溫度並未達到 122°F ，但終端“盤子”會比氣溫更熱。Martin 在接受 Ars 採訪時表示：“我認爲來自地面的輻射熱量有效地升高了盤子的底部溫度，而盤子的頂部則被太陽烤熟了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Martin 的帖子很快得到了一位 Starlink 測試版用戶的迴應，該用戶表示他的星鏈位於偏遠地區大峽谷以南 50 英里處，他的終端在 103°F（約 39.4℃）時關閉，冷卻一小時後又重新工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"不過也有用戶表示，他的終端在 111°F 時也能正常工作。另一位同樣來自亞利桑那州的用戶稱，他的終端在 120°F 下也能正常工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"俄勒岡州工程師"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/information-technology\/2021\/06\/starlink-dish-overheats-in-arizona-sun-knocking-user-offline-for-7-hours\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" Ken Keiter "}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在去年 11 月曾拆解過 Starlink 衛星天線用戶終端，他在接受 VICE 採訪時表示，雖然 Dishy 在設計中考慮到了散熱問題，但還是存在一些潛在的問題：“相控陣組件包括一個 PCBA（印刷電路板組件），它粘附在鋁背板上，有多種用途——充當射頻屏蔽、提供結構剛度，最重要的是，它可以在 PCBA 上充當組件的散熱器。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"熱量通過類似泡沫的熱界面材料 (TIM) 從電路板傳遞到鋁背板，背板本身位於包含少量空氣的防風雨密封腔中。當這個背板加熱時，它周圍的空氣也會加熱，並通過塑料外殼將熱能傳遞到外部環境。 “這就是問題所在：在某些時候，Dishy 表面吸收了組合的熱能並被組件傾倒到背板、周圍的空氣和外殼中，超過了散發到外部環境的熱量。”Keiter 說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，Starlink 支持人員已向用戶保證，SpaceX 正在進行軟件更新，旨在解決過熱問題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Starlink 網速最高可達 200Mbps"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年 10 月，Starlink 發佈公開測試版。馬斯克曾表示，到 2021 年底，Starlink將加速商業化，“地球大部分地區”都可以使用 Starlink。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年 4 月，據外媒 Wccftech 報道，Starlink 目前已經被美國各地用戶所註冊，並且其表現明顯優於競爭對手 HughesNet 和 Viasat。根據部分用戶的實際測試，Starlink 在美國加利福尼亞州索諾瑪縣的測試數據顯示其最低下載速度爲 44Mbps，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/xE8elBheXRPBmxyUhWflZA","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最高突破了 200Mbps"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"（所有測試都是在 Apple iPad Mini 上進行的，可參考 4G 網絡的下行速率基本可以達到 100Mbps～150Mbps）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/97\/c8\/97fbcedfcd937d3ed31c76960e340dc8.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/26\/fc\/26c0083ffda6bed58ce6296929619bfc.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這個數值也與美國其他地區用戶的測試結果相匹配。今年 1 月，蒙大拿州的用戶以 190 Mbps 的下載速度共享了他的測試結果。早些時候，西雅圖和紐約的用戶超過了這一結果，他們的下載速度分別爲 230 Mbps 和 240 Mbps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根據 SpaceX 與美國聯邦通信委員會（FCC）共享的數據顯示，“星鏈”衛星互聯網服務的平均下載速度已經達到 80 Mbps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在當前測試階段，Starlink 每月向終端用戶收費 99 美元，再加上用戶終端、安裝三腳架和路由器的一次性費用爲 499 美元。雖然目前的體驗還不錯，但部分測試用戶認爲其收費過高。"}]}]}