【得物技術】得物WMS如何助力倉庫揀貨

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引言","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉倉庫作業的人都知道，常見倉庫揀貨有兩種方式：“摘果式”揀貨和“播種式”揀貨。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"摘果式揀貨是針對每一份訂單進行揀選，揀貨人員或者設備巡迴於各個貨物儲位，將所需的貨物取出，形似摘果。特點是：每個人每次只處理一份訂單。適用於sku少，訂單量大的場景。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"播種式揀貨是把多份訂單集合成一批，先把其中每種商品的數量分表彙總，再逐個對訂單進行分揀，形似播種，因此稱其爲“按商品揀貨再分播”更爲恰當。特點是每次處理多份訂單。適用於一個訂單多件，並且倉庫sku較多的場景。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很顯然，得物不適合摘果式揀貨，但得物也不僅僅使用播種式揀貨。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"得物的揀貨模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到目前爲止，得物的交易訂單都是一單一件的。在倉儲領域，我們稱之爲single單，或者S單。除了交易訂單，還有退貨單，取回單，調撥單等各種出庫單類型。也就是除了一單一件的，還有不少是一單多件的，在倉儲領域，我們稱之爲multiple單，或者M單。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Single單揀貨模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"揀貨單揀貨","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於S單，在揀貨完是可以直接去綁證綁扣發貨的，這種顯然不適合播種式揀貨和摘果式揀貨。那我們該使用什麼方式來揀貨呢？正常的做法是跑波次，生成揀貨單，使用揀貨單進行揀貨，揀貨人員拿着揀貨單去揀貨，一個揀貨單揀完後，就將商品送去防僞發貨。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/fc/fc987100db613b73b390d36e8cc4627c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上圖中，一個波次有200個訂單，根據一定的規則，生成了4個揀貨單，安排4個揀貨員對這4個揀貨單分別進行揀貨，揀貨員按照系統設定的揀貨路徑，將揀貨單中所有的商品揀完，交由防僞發貨做後續流程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種方式的優點是：實現簡單，揀貨路徑比較確定。但是也存在一些問題：一個揀貨單中的商品只能一個人來揀，而且需要等揀貨單全部揀貨完成，才能進行防僞和發貨。這對於訂單的時效不利。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那有什麼優化方式麼？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"FlowPick","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"動態揀貨打破了原有波次的模式，無需波次，無需揀貨單，採用的是一種類似滴滴司機搶單接單的模式來領取揀貨任務。如下圖。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/41/41ef5c416d8ff06d424fc497e28c1e34.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"揀貨人員，在TA自己負責的揀貨庫區，隨意掃描一個庫位，PDA會向後臺發送一個請求來領取一個揀貨任務。後臺系統會自動找一個路徑最優的，並且優先級高的任務給到揀貨員去揀貨。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上面是一個簡單的示意圖，在得物的場景中，還需要考慮很多的情況：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如次日達的單據，需要有最高的優先級，目前在沒有包裹分揀機支持的情況下，需要走獨立的揀貨，防僞發貨和交接。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"還要控制水位，比如後面防僞複檢出現積壓的時候，需要適當控制揀貨速度。或者後面輸送線出現了積壓，也需要控制揀貨，否則不僅輸送線出現擁堵，連巷道都會出現擁堵。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外要考慮的就是，揀貨員找不到貨的情況，系統提示貨位上有貨，但實際沒有。對於這個問題，我後面再講。","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multiple單揀貨模式","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multiple單是比較複雜的，在倉儲作業領域，需要對其進行再次分類來處理；對於multiple單，我們一般分爲大單和小單，大單一般由倉庫運營定義一個值，比如商品數量超過N件的稱之爲大單，小於N件的稱之爲小單；對於倉庫的作業商品，我們會分爲大件（b）和小件(s)，一般重量體積超過一定範圍的，稱之爲大件，反之則稱之爲小件。一般來說，大單會單獨進行揀貨作業，小單需要採用BatchPick揀貨。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6e/6e227484dc278e9d20f6b5dfa955bc68.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BatchPick","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BatchPick，也叫批次揀貨，即通過跑波次，將訂單分爲一批一批，每個批次進行單據揀貨，但是有的倉庫面積比較大，一般大的倉庫都採用分區揀貨+集貨分揀的方式來作業。流程圖如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a6/a612a37329934960eef13cf101256421.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上圖中，跑一個波次，從訂單池中撈取了112個訂單。按照倉庫固定的批次訂單數量（40）生產了3個揀貨批次。第一個批次的商品，跨了3個揀貨區，所以生產了3個揀貨單，第二個批次的商品跨了2個揀貨區，所以產生了2個揀貨單，第三個批次只剩下32個訂單，這32個訂單的商品都在F這個揀貨區中，所以只需要創建一個揀貨單。每個揀貨單分別進行揀貨，對同一個批次的揀貨單揀下來的商品需要在集貨庫位上進行集貨，在一個批次貨物集齊後，還需要採用手動或者自動化設備來進行分揀。最終形成一個一個待防僞複檢的訂單。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"組批","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於Multiple單，如何從一個波次中組出合適的批次，就涉及到組批算法了，這裏採用一個模型進行舉例說明：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b1/b1ad63cc3a57eec703b92f88ec4b1378.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們將模型簡化一下，上圖是一個簡化的倉庫平面圖， 每一種顏色的區域爲一個揀貨區，A1、A2、A3表示A訂單的三件商品，可以看到A訂單的商品在上面三個揀貨區中，B訂單的三件商品在下面三個揀貨區中， C訂單的三件商品在第一和第二個揀貨區中，以此類推，有D訂單，E訂單，F訂單。 上面可以看到有6個訂單，共18件商品，總共分佈在6個揀貨區中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於一個揀貨區面積很大，我們規定每個揀貨員都只負責一個揀貨區。","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"揀貨員揀完一個批次就關箱。再去揀下一個批次。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"假設這6個訂單是一個波次，並且假設每個批次最多3個訂單，所以我們需要將這個波次的6個訂單分爲2個批次。如何分配這兩個批次就是我們今天要討論的問題。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一種方案，A，B，C爲一個批次（批次1），D，E，F爲另一個批次（批次2）。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼批次1就會跨6個揀貨區，批次2會跨6個揀貨區，總的跨區數就是12.","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種方式總共需要12個揀貨箱。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二種方案：A，C、D爲一個批次（批次1）， B，E，F爲另一個批次（批次2）。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼批次1就會跨3個揀貨區，批次2會跨3個揀貨區，總的跨區數是6。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":1,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種方式總共需要6個揀貨箱。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯是第二種方案更優,原因是：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用較少的揀貨箱","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對每個揀貨區的人來說，雖然揀商品的數量一樣，但是揀的批次更少，也就是不需要頻繁的換箱，也可以說是揀貨密度更高。","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"揀貨路徑","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"物流倉儲中最能提高揀貨效率的方式是什麼？優化揀貨路徑一定是那幾大要素中最被頻繁提出來的。什麼是揀貨路徑呢？最直觀的翻譯就是指揀貨員在揀選作業時的行走路徑。如果從業務角度理解，就是指揀貨人員從領取任務開始到結束時所行走的路程。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如下是我們倉庫貨架的3D模型：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b2/b27a2c865e12c96e767484823fa4d902.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由此可見，優化揀貨路徑也是最能幫助揀貨人員減少行走路徑並提高作業效率的有效途徑之一。隨着物流作業體系的不斷髮展，行業內逐步形成了幾種常見的揀貨路徑方式。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/15/15242a99e9eaaf9425bdc2dfd5be4287.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"S型揀貨路徑*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8a/8a15732cd99dbab2d1d88783649ada34.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"U型揀貨路徑*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ba/ba670100bd5dced4730f0e52cbb4f8af.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":9}}],"text":"Z型揀貨路徑*","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結束語","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述只是簡單地介紹了一些揀貨方式的基本原理和使用場景，文章中忽略了很多的實現細節，比如如何使用周裝箱，如何使用自動化的集貨設備，包括貨到人的一些設備，揀貨任務的指派與領取，短揀的處理等，這些內容將會在後續的文章中提及到。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文｜阿福德","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關注得物技術，攜手走向技術的雲端","attrs":{}}]}]}