對話極狐(GitLab)公司CEO陳冉：從GitLab落地中國透視國產開源大勢

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"嘉賓 | 陳冉，極狐(GitLab)公司CEO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採訪 | "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"霍太穩，極客邦科技CEO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者 | 劉燕"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"video","data":{"id":"388732","name":"對話極狐(GitLab)公司CEO陳冉：從GitLab落地中國透視國產開源大勢","poster":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f9\/e6\/f9a164b77b1886909a3e370a05bf77e6.jpeg","url":"https:\/\/media001.geekbang.org\/0d21c7dbae1f43d1bd9ed3b454939172\/b5653ac2e1f54b13b9104933df68dac7-ca048f9261bbb0b98b1035e375ab260e-sd.m3u8"}}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年3月18日，由全球知名開源軟件開發和項目管理協同平臺 GitLab 公司與獨家領投方紅杉寬帶跨境數字產業基金，以及高成資本共同成立的— 極狐(GitLab)公司正式官宣成立。與此同時，極狐公司宣佈首輪獲得數億元人民幣投資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這場由極客邦科技 CEO 霍太穩與極狐公司創始人兼 CEO 陳冉的對話中，雙方深度交流了極狐公司進軍中國市場背後的價值邏輯及本土化戰略，並對當下國內開源生態的焦點話題進行了深入探討。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"擁抱中國開源熱潮"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極狐公司甫一成立，便在國內開源圈引起一股不小的震動。有觀點認爲，極狐公司是GitLab落地中國市場的一步大棋。其身後還站着兩家資本助力，國外科技企業與國內資本合力創辦合資公司入華，這背後又出於怎樣的考量？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在所有股東看來，極狐公司在此時誕生，可謂生逢天時。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天時即中國開源正在爆發進行時。剛剛結束的2020年，被認爲是中國開源崛起之年，木蘭協議推出、開放原子基金會成立、多家開源軟件企業獲得融資...國產開源項目的影響力日益增強。今年3月，開源首次被明確列入“十四五”規劃，國家在戰略層面支持、鼓勵企業開源開放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"諸多動作表明，開源已是大勢所趨。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"春江水暖鴨先知。在感知行業趨勢方面，資本的嗅覺往往是最爲敏銳的——在國內，開源是孕育獨角獸的沃土。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成立於2016年的紅杉寬帶是一支人民幣跨境私募股權基金，專注於海外科技公司在中國落地、擴張，及中外科技公司合作的結構性投資機會。此前，紅杉寬帶投資合夥人徐全利曾在接受InfoQ採訪時表示，從兩年前開始看開源領域起，紅杉寬帶一直在尋找既適合中國市場，又在全球領先的開源軟件公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"紅杉寬帶認爲，未來IT要實現數字化轉型，智能製造也要轉型，而這些轉型的基礎就是可以加速軟件開發生命週期的DevOps一體化平臺，能夠助力IT產業轉型。在加速整個生態向前發展的過程中，開源+ DevOps 已是一個不可逆的發展趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲一個完整的 DevOps 生命週期一體化平臺，GitLab 提供一站式的DevOps產品和服務，涵蓋項目管理、需求收集、需求落地、研發測試、生產、交付和運維整個管道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年 8 月，紅杉寬帶與GitLab 首次接觸，雙方開始探索GitLab開拓中國市場的路徑，籌謀建立合資公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab在國內市場尤其是開源領域，已具有一定的品牌成熟度和用戶積累。官方提供的數據顯示，目前在國內，60%的企事業單位在用GitLab開源交付，90%以上的互聯網公司在使用GitLab的開源軟件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab在中國擁有數百萬開源用戶。但在此前很長一段時間裏，GitLab 在中國只有 1 個售前工程師，靠這一個人支撐起了幾百萬用戶。GitLab在中國市場還有很大的發展潛力待挖掘。而接下來，這個任務，將交由極狐公司來完成。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不想再當“打工人”，40歲開源老兵的第二春"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在極狐公司醞釀的過程中，一個擺在面前的關鍵問題是找人，該由誰來負責這家合資公司在中國市場的運營？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳冉曾任硅谷容器領域先鋒—D2iQ(原Mesosphere) 公司的亞太區總裁，回憶起與極狐的第一次接觸，陳冉提到他當時正考慮在擅長的容器領域自己創業。當接到全球TOP級的DevOps公司邀約，他也直接道出了自己的擔憂，“除非這是一家自主運營的中國公司，我覺得這事才能成”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"交流過程中，陳冉提出了自己對這個合資公司運作方式的兩個設想 — 要想在國內生存下來，第一，要明確定位，即必須在研發、市場銷售、服務支持各方面，全方位服務國內用戶；第二，代碼倉庫一定要獨立於美國，將所有代碼開發和代碼託管相關的數據都放在國內，在中國擁有獨立IP，實現自主可控。如果不這麼操作，在中國很難落地”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨後，這個方案獲得了投資方的認可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最後一關是說服GitLab CEO ，Sid  Sijbrandij。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“會議一開始，Sid就直接問我三個首要目標是什麼”，陳冉說，“我說想做三件事，第一，打造一個10億美金估值的中國公司；第二，國內DevOps市場足夠大，打造一家國內第一的DevOps公司；第三，開源應該不分國界、種族、文化，DevOps社區屬於全人類而不屬於某一家，我希望把最好的技術，最好的生態帶到國內來，讓開源生態在中國發揚光大”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“你簡直說到我心裏去了”，Sid 聽完後很激動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“開源文化，中西方都各有很多相互借鑑之處，中西方交融不僅有助於企業，也有助於開源大生態的發展”，陳冉說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳冉自謙是開源領域的“小兵”，但其實他已在開源領域深耕十幾年，親眼見證了開源不斷蓬勃發展的歷程。在D2iQ之前，陳冉曾先後在惠普、IBM工作過，尤其是在惠普7年的工作經歷，令他開始瞭解並領悟了開源的運作模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“極狐對於我來說是一個足夠大的平臺，能夠讓我把自己的能力以及十幾年的開源經驗發揮到極致”，短暫而慎重的考慮後，陳冉決定加入極狐公司，擔任CEO，負責公司的管理以及全方位業務發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過所有股東反覆論證，極狐公司決定採用紅杉寬帶首創的JV3.0 (中外合資3.0) 運作模式。該模式最大的特點就是強調合資企業在國內“獨立運營”，並已在紅杉寬帶的多個案例中得到充分驗證。在JV3.0模式下，GitLab 提供技術、產品和品牌，極狐公司將最新技術實現本地化自主創新。紅杉寬帶提供資金和本地資源，中外雙方股東均不參與運營，由本土管理層100％國產化獨立運營。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"迴應質疑：有信心在國內土壤生存下來"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極狐公司將基於核心開放(Open-core)原則，面向中國市場提供覆蓋軟件創新全生命週期的本地化一站式開源軟件開發運維（DevOps）平臺及相關定製化產品和解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳冉也已立下了“小目標” — 極狐公司在3-5年完成100%本土化，並在3-5年實現科創板或主板上市。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了實現這2個小目標，極狐公司在中國將主要開展三項重點工作："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"初入中國市場，第一件重頭工作是關注數字增長，確保銷售和運營數字增長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具體在產品上，極狐(GitLab)推出了GitLab中國發行版 — 極狐GitLab。團隊爲其設置了短期、中期和長期目標。短期目標，爲本地客戶提供原汁原味的中文化的內容和支持，從文檔、產品、服務支持等層面都實現本土化；中期目標，滿足中國開發人員的研發習慣，身份認證、界面排布、支付方式、數據庫支持方式、操作系統支持方式等都要貼近中國客戶設計，且做滿足本地化訴求的交付；長期目標關注本地化的安全和合規問題，不單單要用、用好，還要做到安心地使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極狐(GitLab)還將自研並結合國內社區貢獻，獨立運營極狐的GitLab代碼庫（代號：JH），用於孵化創新型的、個性化的代碼貢獻，滿足用戶對產品的本地化需求，保證極狐版本持續快速迭代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二項工作是以“三腳架理論”做支撐，推動建立整個開源大生態的基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三腳架理論的第一個“邊”是要建立一個生態和組織。今年3月，極狐籌劃攜手CNCF (雲原生計算基金會)發起“開源GitOps產業聯盟”(Open GitOps Industry Alliance, 簡稱OGA聯盟)，目前已有30多家企事業單位成爲理事會成員。開源培訓和教育也是聯盟的一項重點工作，如推出全球含金量認證等，培養領域專家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三腳架理論的另外一個“邊”是基於聯盟的大生態持續推出社區活動，如組織 GitOps 技術相關的峯會、論壇、沙龍等，將整個生態以組合拳的方式推出去，在產業落地，重點關注國產化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，極狐會很快推出一個專供中國市場使用的 SaaS 產品 — GitLab.cn，SaaS版本目前進展飛速，做到3000名用戶用了一個月，一萬名用戶用了一週，做到5萬用戶僅用了一兩天。目前GitLab.cn已開始內測，在下半年會進入公測階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極狐公司的第三項重點工作與文化相關。“極狐是一家開源開放、核心開放的公司，甚至開發的整個流程都對外開放，這種文化是開源的基礎，因爲開源最基本的條件是人人貢獻。極狐希望將這種文化推廣到更多組織、聯盟和企業，成爲開源文化的佈道者”，陳冉說。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實現目標的過程免不了遇到一些挑戰。不少海外科技公司就曾在進入中國市場時遭遇“水土不服”而最終失敗退出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此次，極狐公司成立，業內也不乏一些質疑的聲音。“我在加入極狐之前，很多人說，GitLab是一家國外公司，在國內土壤上很難生存下來”，陳冉坦言，極狐公司進軍中國市場，本地化確實是最大的痛點和挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但陳冉對InfoQ表示，他有信心帶領團隊克服這些挑戰。說這話的底氣，一方面來自，陳冉在過去十幾年的開源從業生涯中，見證過數不清的失敗案例，積累了諸多經驗教訓，另一方面是因爲，他在Linux基金會做佈道，對未來開源的發展方向有着敏銳的判斷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“開源雖屬於全人類，但在開源裏，貢獻是最重要的一件事，誰能掌握一定的貢獻度，誰就能把控社區的發展方向。如果真想把開源變成真正中國人自主可控的東西，這裏有一個訣竅，就是貢獻給所有人”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳冉發現，GitLab開源生態裏的很多工程師在貢獻的過程中越來越自信。而這也正是國產開源所欠缺的，參與開源貢獻的人還不夠多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從這個維度出發，極狐在人員上作了充足準備，一方面招聘最頂尖的工程師團隊，目前公司近60名員工中三分之二是研發團隊，成員多出身於容器、雲原生領域。另一方面極狐將緊緊依託註冊地湖北武漢的研發和校招資源。陳冉表示，綜合利用上述資源，極狐將立志在三年左右實現真正自主可控，即大部分代碼都自主研發且做到技術響應。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源不是免費的午餐"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab 本身是一個在商業化上獲得成功的開源項目。現階段在國內，尤其對於初創型開源商業公司來說，從純技術的角度出發做商業化比較困難。開源項目應該如何走向商業化，陳冉發表了自己的看法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“沒有利益的生意是不好的生意，一定要做開源商業化”。他表示，開源商業化在硅谷已經是一種成型的打法，而目前在國內，開源文化還在初期階段。國內還沒有一家做開源的公司通過開源商業化上市變現，甚至不少公司走向了“死亡”，但也有一部分公司成功了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，國內有一些公司做開源商業化，做到了標杆的位置，尤其是一些大公司，它們匯聚了很多資本，擁有優秀的開源技術，它們應該依託這些資源找到自己好的商業模式和開源的生意經，不能爲了開源而開源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於國內參與開源、投入開源和使用開源的人，陳冉給出了幾點建議："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果要自己孵化項目，產品一定要足夠亮眼，在初期時最好找一個做項目孵化的專業基金幫助。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是基於某一個正在孵化的開源項目做開源，建議根據自身情況和所在領域找到自己的位置，是用戶、參與者、貢獻者還是玩家？還要想清楚最終的回饋點是什麼，不要隨便將產品包裝好就賣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“對於那些在做開源產品分叉的企業，我建議要懸崖勒馬，不要往這條道路再走，還是及時找回社區，跟開源社區保持同樣的步調，去做一些你力所能及的事情，共建共享”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於資本方，開源不是一件一蹴而就的事，它需要投入，需要孵化，需要資金。它的ROI（產出比）沒有那麼快達到，一定要有耐心。沒有耐心，甚至‘殺雞取卵’，項目可能很快就完了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"投資需謹慎。有一句話叫**開源不是免費的午餐，**每一個人在開源領域都有可能找到自己的“魔力點”，但一定要找專業的人諮詢，找專業的基金會、專業的組織學習，然後再投資。此外，開源是一個戰場，投入大量資金也意味着要擔負很大的風險，因此在投入前，要想好在未來哪個點能獲利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與傳統的商業化模式早期投入少，快速見回報不同，開源的商業化模式早期投入大，回報慢，開源的早期投入回報可能非常少，但必須投入，因爲不投入就不可能有未來的回報。一個可見的變化是，國內現在越來越多的人在思維上發生了轉變，他們逐漸認識到，開源應該在早期加大投入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳冉認爲，開源要想成功一定要具備五個要素，第一，足夠好的產品，即便沒有產品也要有很好的想法；第二，一定要有錢，是資本追逐的方向或者自有資金充沛；第三，有好的團隊，好的團隊能將開源像擡轎子一樣擡起來；第四，緊跟趨勢，具備市場前瞻性，關注國家方針政策；第五，一定要有正確的生意經及商業模式。“如果不具備這五個條件，玩開源會走非常多錯誤的道路，最後就是實踐問題，會走到時代的末端”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國產開源爲何奇缺頂級項目？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近些年國內開源領域發展迅速，在 GitHub 上，中國開發者數量佔比高達 70%；在 Apache、CNCF 等頂級開源組織中，隨處可見中國公司的身影，Apache 頂級項目裏有很多由國內公司或者個人發起。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但一個尷尬的事實是，目前中國還非常缺乏重量級別的開源項目。“國內太缺頂級項目了，由中國人自主孵化的，像Apache Hadoop這樣的頂級項目，幾乎沒有，更不用說那種引領整個趨勢的開源項目”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重量級開源項目短缺的原因是多方面的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，國外頂級項目的孵化者往往是一些頗具天賦的人。這些天賦異稟者多是在良好的開源文化背景下成長起來。國內的土壤，儘管在不斷地優化中，但目前還很少看到PMC，很多PMC是從硅谷被薰陶過回來的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這說明國內很多優秀的人才，還在解決‘喫飯’問題，在解決公司的任務，不能分心。開源需要智慧和鑽研，尤其是頂級項目，需要花費大量時間打磨。很多人或許想參與到開源中來，但卻沒有財力來支持。如何讓更多有天賦的人沒有財務上的顧慮，而專注開源項目孵化？陳冉認爲，解決這個問題，需要得到相關的扶持和支持，當它變成每個人都能看得見的利益體，大家也就自然而然願意參與生態共建。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，不少開源玩家急功近利，一上來就談錢。實際上，開源生態建設的先後順序應該先從教育入手，先有文化，有人才，有了人才纔有相對應的產業鏈，有了產業鏈纔有生態。陳冉表示要好好在開源領域做育人的工作，先把路鋪好、規則設定好，再想着‘跑車’，再去談開源的大型創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從近期政府的大政方針政策可以看出，國家在推薦、鼓勵開源開放。在企業層面，陳冉認爲，應當鼓勵、推薦政企單位、事業單位，一些國家組織和個人，持續推崇開源文化，拿出更多資源壯大開源社區，培養出真正的開源人才，再通過這些人才影響整個產業，最終營造出一種讓頂級人才專下心孵化頂級項目的文化氛圍。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結語"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源的價值需要時間證明。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內企業包括個人，應當認識到，開源對自己的公司\/自己不是短期的利益，而是有長期的好處，一定要堅定不移地做投入，未來必將獲得豐厚的收入和好處。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“本質上來說，開源是一件需要有耐心、需要長期去做的事，而且前提要將基礎打好、打牢固，在沃土之上才能長出參天大樹來”，陳冉說。"}]}]}