对话极狐(GitLab)公司CEO陈冉：从GitLab落地中国透视国产开源大势

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"嘉宾 | 陈冉，极狐(GitLab)公司CEO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"采访 | "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"霍太稳，极客邦科技CEO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者 | 刘燕"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"video","data":{"id":"388732","name":"对话极狐(GitLab)公司CEO陈冉：从GitLab落地中国透视国产开源大势","poster":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f9\/e6\/f9a164b77b1886909a3e370a05bf77e6.jpeg","url":"https:\/\/media001.geekbang.org\/0d21c7dbae1f43d1bd9ed3b454939172\/b5653ac2e1f54b13b9104933df68dac7-ca048f9261bbb0b98b1035e375ab260e-sd.m3u8"}}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年3月18日，由全球知名开源软件开发和项目管理协同平台 GitLab 公司与独家领投方红杉宽带跨境数字产业基金，以及高成资本共同成立的— 极狐(GitLab)公司正式官宣成立。与此同时，极狐公司宣布首轮获得数亿元人民币投资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这场由极客邦科技 CEO 霍太稳与极狐公司创始人兼 CEO 陈冉的对话中，双方深度交流了极狐公司进军中国市场背后的价值逻辑及本土化战略，并对当下国内开源生态的焦点话题进行了深入探讨。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拥抱中国开源热潮"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"极狐公司甫一成立，便在国内开源圈引起一股不小的震动。有观点认为，极狐公司是GitLab落地中国市场的一步大棋。其身后还站着两家资本助力，国外科技企业与国内资本合力创办合资公司入华，这背后又出于怎样的考量？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在所有股东看来，极狐公司在此时诞生，可谓生逢天时。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"天时即中国开源正在爆发进行时。刚刚结束的2020年，被认为是中国开源崛起之年，木兰协议推出、开放原子基金会成立、多家开源软件企业获得融资...国产开源项目的影响力日益增强。今年3月，开源首次被明确列入“十四五”规划，国家在战略层面支持、鼓励企业开源开放。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"诸多动作表明，开源已是大势所趋。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"春江水暖鸭先知。在感知行业趋势方面，资本的嗅觉往往是最为敏锐的——在国内，开源是孕育独角兽的沃土。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成立于2016年的红杉宽带是一支人民币跨境私募股权基金，专注于海外科技公司在中国落地、扩张，及中外科技公司合作的结构性投资机会。此前，红杉宽带投资合伙人徐全利曾在接受InfoQ采访时表示，从两年前开始看开源领域起，红杉宽带一直在寻找既适合中国市场，又在全球领先的开源软件公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"红杉宽带认为，未来IT要实现数字化转型，智能制造也要转型，而这些转型的基础就是可以加速软件开发生命周期的DevOps一体化平台，能够助力IT产业转型。在加速整个生态向前发展的过程中，开源+ DevOps 已是一个不可逆的发展趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为一个完整的 DevOps 生命周期一体化平台，GitLab 提供一站式的DevOps产品和服务，涵盖项目管理、需求收集、需求落地、研发测试、生产、交付和运维整个管道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年 8 月，红杉宽带与GitLab 首次接触，双方开始探索GitLab开拓中国市场的路径，筹谋建立合资公司。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab在国内市场尤其是开源领域，已具有一定的品牌成熟度和用户积累。官方提供的数据显示，目前在国内，60%的企事业单位在用GitLab开源交付，90%以上的互联网公司在使用GitLab的开源软件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab在中国拥有数百万开源用户。但在此前很长一段时间里，GitLab 在中国只有 1 个售前工程师，靠这一个人支撑起了几百万用户。GitLab在中国市场还有很大的发展潜力待挖掘。而接下来，这个任务，将交由极狐公司来完成。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不想再当“打工人”，40岁开源老兵的第二春"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在极狐公司酝酿的过程中，一个摆在面前的关键问题是找人，该由谁来负责这家合资公司在中国市场的运营？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈冉曾任硅谷容器领域先锋—D2iQ(原Mesosphere) 公司的亚太区总裁，回忆起与极狐的第一次接触，陈冉提到他当时正考虑在擅长的容器领域自己创业。当接到全球TOP级的DevOps公司邀约，他也直接道出了自己的担忧，“除非这是一家自主运营的中国公司，我觉得这事才能成”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"交流过程中，陈冉提出了自己对这个合资公司运作方式的两个设想 — 要想在国内生存下来，第一，要明确定位，即必须在研发、市场销售、服务支持各方面，全方位服务国内用户；第二，代码仓库一定要独立于美国，将所有代码开发和代码托管相关的数据都放在国内，在中国拥有独立IP，实现自主可控。如果不这么操作，在中国很难落地”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随后，这个方案获得了投资方的认可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最后一关是说服GitLab CEO ，Sid  Sijbrandij。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“会议一开始，Sid就直接问我三个首要目标是什么”，陈冉说，“我说想做三件事，第一，打造一个10亿美金估值的中国公司；第二，国内DevOps市场足够大，打造一家国内第一的DevOps公司；第三，开源应该不分国界、种族、文化，DevOps社区属于全人类而不属于某一家，我希望把最好的技术，最好的生态带到国内来，让开源生态在中国发扬光大”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“你简直说到我心里去了”，Sid 听完后很激动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“开源文化，中西方都各有很多相互借鉴之处，中西方交融不仅有助于企业，也有助于开源大生态的发展”，陈冉说道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈冉自谦是开源领域的“小兵”，但其实他已在开源领域深耕十几年，亲眼见证了开源不断蓬勃发展的历程。在D2iQ之前，陈冉曾先后在惠普、IBM工作过，尤其是在惠普7年的工作经历，令他开始了解并领悟了开源的运作模式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“极狐对于我来说是一个足够大的平台，能够让我把自己的能力以及十几年的开源经验发挥到极致”，短暂而慎重的考虑后，陈冉决定加入极狐公司，担任CEO，负责公司的管理以及全方位业务发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"经过所有股东反复论证，极狐公司决定采用红杉宽带首创的JV3.0 (中外合资3.0) 运作模式。该模式最大的特点就是强调合资企业在国内“独立运营”，并已在红杉宽带的多个案例中得到充分验证。在JV3.0模式下，GitLab 提供技术、产品和品牌，极狐公司将最新技术实现本地化自主创新。红杉宽带提供资金和本地资源，中外双方股东均不参与运营，由本土管理层100％国产化独立运营。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回应质疑：有信心在国内土壤生存下来"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"极狐公司将基于核心开放(Open-core)原则，面向中国市场提供覆盖软件创新全生命周期的本地化一站式开源软件开发运维（DevOps）平台及相关定制化产品和解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈冉也已立下了“小目标” — 极狐公司在3-5年完成100%本土化，并在3-5年实现科创板或主板上市。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了实现这2个小目标，极狐公司在中国将主要开展三项重点工作："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"初入中国市场，第一件重头工作是关注数字增长，确保销售和运营数字增长。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具体在产品上，极狐(GitLab)推出了GitLab中国发行版 — 极狐GitLab。团队为其设置了短期、中期和长期目标。短期目标，为本地客户提供原汁原味的中文化的内容和支持，从文档、产品、服务支持等层面都实现本土化；中期目标，满足中国开发人员的研发习惯，身份认证、界面排布、支付方式、数据库支持方式、操作系统支持方式等都要贴近中国客户设计，且做满足本地化诉求的交付；长期目标关注本地化的安全和合规问题，不单单要用、用好，还要做到安心地使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"极狐(GitLab)还将自研并结合国内社区贡献，独立运营极狐的GitLab代码库（代号：JH），用于孵化创新型的、个性化的代码贡献，满足用户对产品的本地化需求，保证极狐版本持续快速迭代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二项工作是以“三脚架理论”做支撑，推动建立整个开源大生态的基础。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三脚架理论的第一个“边”是要建立一个生态和组织。今年3月，极狐筹划携手CNCF (云原生计算基金会)发起“开源GitOps产业联盟”(Open GitOps Industry Alliance, 简称OGA联盟)，目前已有30多家企事业单位成为理事会成员。开源培训和教育也是联盟的一项重点工作，如推出全球含金量认证等，培养领域专家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三脚架理论的另外一个“边”是基于联盟的大生态持续推出社区活动，如组织 GitOps 技术相关的峰会、论坛、沙龙等，将整个生态以组合拳的方式推出去，在产业落地，重点关注国产化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，极狐会很快推出一个专供中国市场使用的 SaaS 产品 — GitLab.cn，SaaS版本目前进展飞速，做到3000名用户用了一个月，一万名用户用了一周，做到5万用户仅用了一两天。目前GitLab.cn已开始内测，在下半年会进入公测阶段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"极狐公司的第三项重点工作与文化相关。“极狐是一家开源开放、核心开放的公司，甚至开发的整个流程都对外开放，这种文化是开源的基础，因为开源最基本的条件是人人贡献。极狐希望将这种文化推广到更多组织、联盟和企业，成为开源文化的布道者”，陈冉说。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实现目标的过程免不了遇到一些挑战。不少海外科技公司就曾在进入中国市场时遭遇“水土不服”而最终失败退出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此次，极狐公司成立，业内也不乏一些质疑的声音。“我在加入极狐之前，很多人说，GitLab是一家国外公司，在国内土壤上很难生存下来”，陈冉坦言，极狐公司进军中国市场，本地化确实是最大的痛点和挑战。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但陈冉对InfoQ表示，他有信心带领团队克服这些挑战。说这话的底气，一方面来自，陈冉在过去十几年的开源从业生涯中，见证过数不清的失败案例，积累了诸多经验教训，另一方面是因为，他在Linux基金会做布道，对未来开源的发展方向有着敏锐的判断。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“开源虽属于全人类，但在开源里，贡献是最重要的一件事，谁能掌握一定的贡献度，谁就能把控社区的发展方向。如果真想把开源变成真正中国人自主可控的东西，这里有一个诀窍，就是贡献给所有人”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈冉发现，GitLab开源生态里的很多工程师在贡献的过程中越来越自信。而这也正是国产开源所欠缺的，参与开源贡献的人还不够多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从这个维度出发，极狐在人员上作了充足准备，一方面招聘最顶尖的工程师团队，目前公司近60名员工中三分之二是研发团队，成员多出身于容器、云原生领域。另一方面极狐将紧紧依托注册地湖北武汉的研发和校招资源。陈冉表示，综合利用上述资源，极狐将立志在三年左右实现真正自主可控，即大部分代码都自主研发且做到技术响应。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源不是免费的午餐"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitLab 本身是一个在商业化上获得成功的开源项目。现阶段在国内，尤其对于初创型开源商业公司来说，从纯技术的角度出发做商业化比较困难。开源项目应该如何走向商业化，陈冉发表了自己的看法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“没有利益的生意是不好的生意，一定要做开源商业化”。他表示，开源商业化在硅谷已经是一种成型的打法，而目前在国内，开源文化还在初期阶段。国内还没有一家做开源的公司通过开源商业化上市变现，甚至不少公司走向了“死亡”，但也有一部分公司成功了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，国内有一些公司做开源商业化，做到了标杆的位置，尤其是一些大公司，它们汇聚了很多资本，拥有优秀的开源技术，它们应该依托这些资源找到自己好的商业模式和开源的生意经，不能为了开源而开源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于国内参与开源、投入开源和使用开源的人，陈冉给出了几点建议："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果要自己孵化项目，产品一定要足够亮眼，在初期时最好找一个做项目孵化的专业基金帮助。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是基于某一个正在孵化的开源项目做开源，建议根据自身情况和所在领域找到自己的位置，是用户、参与者、贡献者还是玩家？还要想清楚最终的回馈点是什么，不要随便将产品包装好就卖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“对于那些在做开源产品分叉的企业，我建议要悬崖勒马，不要往这条道路再走，还是及时找回社区，跟开源社区保持同样的步调，去做一些你力所能及的事情，共建共享”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于资本方，开源不是一件一蹴而就的事，它需要投入，需要孵化，需要资金。它的ROI（产出比）没有那么快达到，一定要有耐心。没有耐心，甚至‘杀鸡取卵’，项目可能很快就完了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"投资需谨慎。有一句话叫**开源不是免费的午餐，**每一个人在开源领域都有可能找到自己的“魔力点”，但一定要找专业的人咨询，找专业的基金会、专业的组织学习，然后再投资。此外，开源是一个战场，投入大量资金也意味着要担负很大的风险，因此在投入前，要想好在未来哪个点能获利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"与传统的商业化模式早期投入少，快速见回报不同，开源的商业化模式早期投入大，回报慢，开源的早期投入回报可能非常少，但必须投入，因为不投入就不可能有未来的回报。一个可见的变化是，国内现在越来越多的人在思维上发生了转变，他们逐渐认识到，开源应该在早期加大投入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈冉认为，开源要想成功一定要具备五个要素，第一，足够好的产品，即便没有产品也要有很好的想法；第二，一定要有钱，是资本追逐的方向或者自有资金充沛；第三，有好的团队，好的团队能将开源像擡轿子一样擡起来；第四，紧跟趋势，具备市场前瞻性，关注国家方针政策；第五，一定要有正确的生意经及商业模式。“如果不具备这五个条件，玩开源会走非常多错误的道路，最后就是实践问题，会走到时代的末端”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国产开源为何奇缺顶级项目？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近些年国内开源领域发展迅速，在 GitHub 上，中国开发者数量占比高达 70%；在 Apache、CNCF 等顶级开源组织中，随处可见中国公司的身影，Apache 顶级项目里有很多由国内公司或者个人发起。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但一个尴尬的事实是，目前中国还非常缺乏重量级别的开源项目。“国内太缺顶级项目了，由中国人自主孵化的，像Apache Hadoop这样的顶级项目，几乎没有，更不用说那种引领整个趋势的开源项目”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重量级开源项目短缺的原因是多方面的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，国外顶级项目的孵化者往往是一些颇具天赋的人。这些天赋异禀者多是在良好的开源文化背景下成长起来。国内的土壤，尽管在不断地优化中，但目前还很少看到PMC，很多PMC是从硅谷被薰陶过回来的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这说明国内很多优秀的人才，还在解决‘吃饭’问题，在解决公司的任务，不能分心。开源需要智慧和钻研，尤其是顶级项目，需要花费大量时间打磨。很多人或许想参与到开源中来，但却没有财力来支持。如何让更多有天赋的人没有财务上的顾虑，而专注开源项目孵化？陈冉认为，解决这个问题，需要得到相关的扶持和支持，当它变成每个人都能看得见的利益体，大家也就自然而然愿意参与生态共建。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，不少开源玩家急功近利，一上来就谈钱。实际上，开源生态建设的先后顺序应该先从教育入手，先有文化，有人才，有了人才才有相对应的产业链，有了产业链才有生态。陈冉表示要好好在开源领域做育人的工作，先把路铺好、规则设定好，再想着‘跑车’，再去谈开源的大型创新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从近期政府的大政方针政策可以看出，国家在推荐、鼓励开源开放。在企业层面，陈冉认为，应当鼓励、推荐政企单位、事业单位，一些国家组织和个人，持续推崇开源文化，拿出更多资源壮大开源社区，培养出真正的开源人才，再通过这些人才影响整个产业，最终营造出一种让顶级人才专下心孵化顶级项目的文化氛围。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"结语"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源的价值需要时间证明。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内企业包括个人，应当认识到，开源对自己的公司\/自己不是短期的利益，而是有长期的好处，一定要坚定不移地做投入，未来必将获得丰厚的收入和好处。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“本质上来说，开源是一件需要有耐心、需要长期去做的事，而且前提要将基础打好、打牢固，在沃土之上才能长出参天大树来”，陈冉说。"}]}]}