只是工具，是對低代碼最大的誤解

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"採訪嘉賓 | 阮銘"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，行業對於低代碼平臺存在很大的爭議。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一方面，低代碼確實以更低的投入提高了產品上線速度。在接受 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.creatio.com\/?activity=adwords_brand_usa&gclid=Cj0KCQjw5uWGBhCTARIsAL70sLJ49ghg00VCmlSBJuQMOiZY6qxCS2MgyJmbny_9AwGuN381Q_xmBh0aAoqXEALw_wcB","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Creatio"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 調研的 1000 位開發高管中，95% 的人認爲低代碼開發速度相對於傳統方式有提高，其中 61% 的高管認爲提高速度在 40% 以上。另一方面，企業對低代碼平臺的應用仍有所顧慮，同時部分人對低代碼還抱有低級、搶程序員“飯碗”等不算友好的態度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，如何看待低代碼平臺現在的境地？大家對低代碼平臺有誤解的原因是什麼？圍繞這些問題，InfoQ 採訪了西門子 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.mendix.com\/zh\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Mendix "}]},{"type":"text","text":"高級架構師阮銘。阮銘表示，僅僅將低代碼作爲工具是一個誤解，它更是一種邏輯思維的展現，是一種消除理解誤差、確保多種角色溝通一致性的平臺。圍繞這個平臺思維，開發者有機會變爲更爲專業的高價值模塊的算法專家、領域專家或者業務架構師。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不只是工具"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據《騰訊研發大數據報告》，2020 年騰訊新增研發項目超 4000 個，同比增長 22%；新增代碼超過 20 億行，同比增長 67%。與此同時，70% 的技術 Leader 持續輸出代碼，全年平均每人輸出 3.2 萬行；54% 的 12 級及以上技術專家潛心編碼，人均輸出代碼 3 萬餘行。在巨大的開發需求下，技術 Leader 也在持續做代碼輸出，但事情的另一面是，開發人員對核心業務架構、應用架構的關注會相對較少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主打降本增效的低代碼平臺雖然爲開發者們解決了一些問題，但也使得“工具”一詞成爲對低代碼平臺最常用的形容詞之一。作爲工具，低代碼平臺確實帶來了很多便捷，但在阮銘看來，低代碼平臺遠遠不只是一種工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“就像包含了 PPT、Word、Email 等很多小工具的 Office 套件，低代碼平臺也是一個結合了敏捷方法論的快速開發工具組合，並擁有完整輸出能力的平臺。這其中包括了各種工具，但常常被人忽略的方法論流程管理卻是更重要的部分，其中包括需求管理、質量管理和變更管理等。”阮銘表示，“低代碼平臺應該是一個業務溝通、需求分析與設計的交流平臺。在數字化轉型與客戶體驗的時代，更多的是在倡導協作模式的改變。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在阮銘看來，低代碼平臺表達的是業務邏輯。低代碼平臺的作用是將業務需求中的邏輯關係理清楚，然後幫助企業實現這個邏輯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過當前，低代碼平臺的使用者大多數爲"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/video\/lclHl49VedBpoqUVXM6h","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" IT 開發人員"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，還有部分業務人員。Creatio 調查結果顯示，低代碼平臺的使用者中，約 67% 的人是 IT 開發者，剩下的則是業務人員。但使用者人數最多的開發者主要是低代碼平臺來解決具體的代碼編寫問題，並沒有上升到思維方法論層面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“形而下者謂之器，形而上者謂之道。如果執念於怎麼定義變量，怎麼對應 html 和 css 文件的關係，怎麼用註解 annotation 來實現功能……你就沒法真正體會平臺思維這個‘道’帶來的價值。”阮銘說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人把低代碼等價於組件庫，這是不對的。阮銘表示，如果組件的實現方式依舊是 coding，依舊是別人熬夜，你來拖拉拽，這不叫高代碼，這叫勞動力外包。國內這類僞低代碼產品，靠着模板走量批發的模式。客戶買的是人工，不是技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"還有很多人將低代碼平臺侷限在了一些基礎和簡單的事情上，比如考勤系統、請假工單系統。這於中小企業而言可能已經足夠，但對於有各種各樣需求的大企業來說遠遠不夠。阮銘認爲，低代碼平臺可以支持各行各業。低代碼不代表低邏輯，底層系統越多，低代碼平臺的價值就越大。以 Mendix 爲例，根據 Gartner 2017 年提出的 MASA 架構觀點，Mendix 選擇做系統的系統，向下可以盤活底層多個系統，向上也可以暴露客戶體驗需要的服務接口和 UI 交互觸點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，一個好的低代碼平臺要有爲企業“兜底”的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“如果企業用低代碼平臺開發了一個系統，但在一段時候後想加入新功能時卻無法操作，這就阻礙了企業整個系統的升級進程。好的低代碼平臺要能適應企業的需求變化，提供需求變更管理。”阮銘表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，低代碼平臺與企業技術棧的融合能力成爲一個重要的考驗指標。有的企業系統已經運行了幾十年，擁有自己的 UI 體系、數據庫體系和中臺體系，完全更改是不現實的，低代碼平臺要做的是與這麼多技術融合，幫助企業更好地改進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"深入業務"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“降本增效”是另一個常用來形容低代碼平臺的詞。但阮銘看來，降本增效是最初級的成果，如果能夠深入企業業務當中，低代碼平臺可以帶來的東西會更多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如在當前芯片緊缺的情況下，有企業要製造芯片，首先要與世界各地的原材料供貨商聯繫，然後進行採購，採購後囤貨還要找不同的供應商。這是一個強業務場景，涉及到很多不同的部門，不同系統間的差異便造成了低效問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“低代碼平臺可以把不同部門的系統、不同類型的技術，如 RPA、BPM、微流邏輯等串聯在一起，實現端到端的智能自動化。”阮銘表示，實現這一目的的最好方式便是做標準化與平臺化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，國外的低代碼廠商對標準化問題相對更重視些。“低代碼平臺作爲一個綜合性平臺，必須爲不同行業提供通用的代碼。低代碼廠商應該思考如何將跨國家、跨洲的企業集合在起來，而不是隻爲本地的企業做開發。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有了這種標準化理念後，差異化體現在了不同的具體業務上。不同業務的有不同的邏輯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"艾瑞諮詢在報告中，根據商業模式的不同，低代碼平臺分成了前後端開發平臺、間接面向企業客戶、直接面向企業客戶和生態型平臺四種類型。其中，生態型平臺對低代碼廠商的要求最高，這類廠商需要具備平臺和生態思維，能夠將衆多合作伙伴集結起來，但同時也具有話語權高、商業模式輕盈及易產生規模效應等優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，由於低代碼行業還處於早期，國內幾乎沒有生態型低代碼廠商，大多數廠商選擇了面向企業客戶和前後端開發。但國外已經有廠商開始將目光投向建立更廣泛的開發生態上，解決低代碼產品從有用到會用，再到敢用的實際問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於現在的使用者來說，並不需要知道低代碼平臺是如何運行的，只會簡單的操作就可以。但對於專業的技術人員來說，可以在此基礎上做出更復雜的應用，甚至形成自己的生態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市場在發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前的低代碼平臺已經可以覆蓋大部分的業務場景。根據艾瑞諮詢的統計，低代碼平臺已經可以覆蓋中小企業 95% 的應用場景、中大型企業中 70% 的應用場景。中小企業主要利用低代碼快速落地，而中大型企業主要用來在建立新系統時與企業原系統進行信息聯通，或是對原有系統進行二次開發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/42\/426c3a29850787f0340b595dcc6b270c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"即使如此，但根據 Forrester 的預測數據，全球低代碼滲透率達到三分之一，但在中國的整體應用滲透率仍然較低，約在 5% 左右。與此同時，現在的低代碼平臺短期內也無法進入企業核心業務系統，尤其是對源代碼有嚴格要求的金融等行業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代碼平臺與其他產品並沒有什麼差異，其本身的架構策略跟業界是相同的，也會不斷地迭代和增加新功能。但由於市場教育不足、需求端生態不足，衆多場景仍依賴於實施方或者低代碼廠商的服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在具體使用方面，調查顯示，只有 6% 的低代碼開發是在沒有任何開發者參與的情況下完成的。這表明，雖然低代碼平臺對業務人員是有利工具，但仍然需要使用者對底層技術和 IT 敏銳度有基本的瞭解。對於專業開發人員，阮銘表示長久以來形成的開發習慣是很難在短時間裏改變的，這也是低代碼生態發展緩慢的原因之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但這些並沒有阻礙低代碼市場的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據艾瑞諮詢數據，低代碼行業自 2016 年以來發展得如火如荼，尤其在 2018 年和 2019 年迎來行業爆發式增長，這兩年增速均在一倍以上。2020 年行業市場規模爲 15.9 億，增速有所放緩但也達到了 80.2%。而 Gartner 預測，2021 年全球低代碼開發技術市場將達到 138 億美元，比 2020 年增長 22.6%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着低代碼市場的發展，很多科技頭部公司也紛紛入場。釘釘在去年宣佈推出低代碼應用開發平臺“釘釘宜搭”。在阿里雲智能總裁張建鋒看來，未來的軟件開發一定是碎片化的，低代碼開發將定義新一代的開發方式。微軟在低代碼領域做了大量資金投入，今年發佈的編程語言 PowerFX 核心訴求就是爲用戶提供與 Excel 類似的使用體驗，這爲其低代碼業務提供了很大助力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner 研究副總裁 Fabrizio Biscotti 表示：“雖然低代碼應用程序開發不是新事物，但超級自動化和可組合業務的興起已導致工具的湧入和需求的增長。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每個行業從誕生到發展成熟都會伴隨着不斷的爭議。如今雖然開發人員數量不斷提高，但企業開發需求增速相對更高，低代碼平臺在數字轉型過程中仍是重要工具之一。但對於低代碼行業，從爭議到達成基本共識，再到可以深入企業業務，或許會需要一些時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"嘉賓介紹："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阮銘，西門子 Mendix 團隊高級架構師。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}