國內報價-APP時間加速

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年是機票業務飛速發展的一年，在新增輔營、學生票等新嘗試後，業務量屢創新高。隨之而來的是請求量的增高及計算複雜度的攀升。從而導致整體報價的響應時間嚴重惡化。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"僅上半年，搜索時長便從200ms上漲至350ms左右。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"監控表現如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/7d/7dd334d180ba1e404b2044bf755728c8.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/6d/6d5337dd074c5bfdaf86714484f2775c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文主要描述圍繞響應時間超長問題做的幾項嘗試。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"horizontalrule","attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎概念及分析","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內報價的系統結構，如圖所示：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e1/e18656fcc8eedcb394cf7a27d7e64e49.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總體可以分爲三層：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"主系統","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲用戶觸發搜索的入口，主要做報價數據的整合。如:","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價數據結構的適配，從代理商維度→ 航班維度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不同數據源報價的整合，如：基礎代理商報價/機酒報價/會員報價/大交通報價等等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服務包/會員服務/酒店券等輔營商品的獲取。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對報價做立減/返現等營銷活動的處理。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"報價支撐","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主要進行基礎報價的聚合以及進行報價的選舉","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎代理商報價的存儲及更新。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過業務規則選舉出每個航線的報價最優解。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"報價源","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主要根據 av/fd 等機票基礎信息和報價源計算出基礎報價。基礎報價數據源主要分成兩部分：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"運價直連，主要由代理商提供的接口提供，如:航司旗艦店/攜程等等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"政策報價，依賴於代理商運營的錄入，將代理商的報價信息轉化爲政策由航司運營錄入到 tts 政策系統中。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價源的時間瓶頸主要是在代理商側，極難通過限制時間來限制代理商報價的錄入，所以主要針對主系統和報價支撐這兩個系統做優化。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主要優化方向","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提起時間優化，一般可能考慮的都是進行代碼重構，性能優化，服務拆分等。但實際從業務中發現，主要耗時其實是在業務或代碼結構的不合理導致的，對比而言業務結構的調整優化性價比會很高。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文會通過對主系統及報價支撐層的優化來介紹在國內報價在時間優化上的一些嘗試。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主系統","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主系統主要是做報價信息的聚合。基本結構如圖所示","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/64/64309f6134d568611434b2ed998e7bce.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析可知耗時主要由獲取拓展信息與基礎報價兩部分組成，其餘的部分主要做數據結構的轉換，優化空間有限。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以針對獲取拓展信息及獲取基礎報價這兩部分進行優化。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/2b/2b04a85860721b7d86fc5c591a146371.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將一些全局數據的請求提前，減少阻塞等待時間。同時對數據變動不大的數據如：運價數據/航班信息等做本地緩存，提高查詢速度。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"搜索結構的變化","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"機票搜索分爲 list 頁搜索及 ota 頁的搜索，兩種的區別主要是搜索結果的不同，","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"list 搜索返回的是所有航班的報價信息，每個航班只展示最低價。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ota 搜索返回某一航班的所有報價信息，會展示其所有的報價及標籤/輔營等拓展信息。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在原有結構中， ota/list 的區分只有在主系統中存在，在報價支撐層中，沒有 list/ota 的概念。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而且因爲對於冷門/熱門航線，航班的數量也不一致。所以導致熱門航線的請求時間會更長（計算量比較大）。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由此是否可以考慮對報價支撐層做業務區分，即：報價支撐層在 ota 搜索時只計算一個航班的報價。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"優點：","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ota 搜索只搜索一個航班，對於總體而言計算量會很低（幾百個航班 → 一個），響應時間大大降低。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"計算量基本固定，不會因熱門/冷門航線出現大長尾的現象發生。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"存在的問題：","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價支撐層提供的是某一個航線全量數據的緩存，增加 ota 維度，可能導致原有航線維度的緩存新鮮度降低。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ota 維度的請求需要實時計算，無法複用原有航線維度緩存。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"調研:","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"list 搜索與 ota 搜索量的對比大概是 300:1 ，減少 ota 搜索的緩存補充對緩存的新鮮度不會造成很大的影響。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單獨構建 ota 維度的緩存，獨立使用。但大概會增加 10g 左右的 redis 佔用(成本可接受)。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"效果","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cc/ccec2e5692fb16f7b045776fb274d7ed.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總體平均時間降低了 40% 左右，從 400ms→ 230ms 。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價支撐層","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價支撐層主要承擔存儲報價以及選舉最優報價的功能。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價數據獲取：需要獲取全量代理商報價，如果過期則要請求代理商接口獲取報價。但代理接口時間不可控。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報價選舉：需要從全量代理商報價中，獲取每條航線的最優報價。如果代理商報價量越多，則計算時間越長。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基本結構如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f7/f79e05eca10b116e609f2cce1415dacc.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對選舉邏輯的優化","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在進行優化前，先大概計算下一次選舉計算量。假如某一次搜索航線有 50 個航班，每個航班有 30 個產品，每個產品有 40 個代理商報價，要每個產品選舉出最優報價需要進行 30*40*50=60000 次計算。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但每次的搜索的航班是固定的，代理商的報價量也是固定的，所以我們的目標是要減少要計算的報價產品的數量。如果從 40 個產品-> 20 個產品，總體計算量就降低 50% 。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"機票的報價產品按照展示可以分成有三類：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"普通報價產品，可以展示在單程/聯程/往返。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只展示在往返或只展示在聯程渠道的報價。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不會展示給用戶，但會根據業務進行二次加工的報價。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3a/3a5f9170e219331943eea57cd114464c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對此種情況，可以對產品類型進行拆分，分類爲：單程/聯程/往返，只計算渠道獨有的產品類型，由此來減少計算量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/2d/2d82d6f38d1de92440fc5469bed6a008.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對每個業務場景只選舉對應的產品報價，減少計算量，以此來減少時間的消耗。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"效果","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d3/d3bbd54b1064244926a06869be2f6918.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單程的平均時間從 250ms → 200ms 。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全量報價獲取","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前全量報價都是以代理商維度緩存在 redis 中，爲了保證報價的新鮮度，每次搜索都需要校驗報價是否爲有效狀態。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基本結構如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cd/cd45caf8f88ea9c871fd315079bbc4d9.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主要耗時是在阻塞等待結果的環節。但此環節主要是由代理商來確定，如果因爲某些代理商的響應時間非常長，會導致整體獲取報價的時間出現大長尾的現象。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"方案如下：","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對大長尾的代理商做熔斷機制，多次超時則熔斷，不允許展示。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"時間限制/回數比例等參數做調優，解決不合理配置導致時間過長的問題。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"先返回過期報價，異步請求有效報價替換過期報價。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但此方案會產生問題：代理商缺失或者報價不及時，是否會導致低價的缺失或者變價?","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對這個問題，進行了線上調研。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結論：","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"返回過期報價對線上的低價影響較大，此方案不能採用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只進行熔斷及回數比例等調整後，只有個位數的請求低價有變化，基本無業務影響。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此優化只針對第一次搜索，不會影響第二次搜索，影響面很小。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"綜上所述，總體對業務的影響極低，基本無影響。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"效果","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/f4/f4944f2eadde950d7d3fbc118bb9b6c1.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單程 wbd 搜索時間，從 280ms→ 200ms 左右。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"horizontalrule","attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文主要是以業務爲介入點，結合系統結構去優化總體響應時間。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結合業務做時間優化，需要非常熟悉業務和系統的整體結構，但同時效果也比較明顯，較少的投入就可以得到很好的效果。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時加上技術上的優化比如：異步請求去重/數據壓縮/序列化方式的選取/ gc 方式調優等，來達到整體時間降低的目的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}