Python 基础线程
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import threading
import time
exitFlag = 0
class myThread(threading.Thread): # 继承父类threading.Thread
def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.counter = counter
def run(self): # 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数
print "Starting " + self.name
print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)
print "Exiting " + self.name
def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
while counter:
if exitFlag:
(threading.Thread).exit()
time.sleep(delay)
print "%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time()))
counter -= 1
# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)
# 开启线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
print "Exiting Main Thread"运行结果
Starting Thread-1
Starting Thread-2Exiting Main Thread
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:02:18 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:02:19 2021Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:02:19 2021
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:02:20 2021
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:02:21 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:02:21 2021
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:02:22 2021
Exiting Thread-1
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:02:23 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:02:25 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:02:27 2021
Exiting Thread-2
Process finished with exit code 0
线程锁
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 如果多个线程共同对某个数据修改，则可能出现不可预料的结果，为了保证数据的正确性，需要对多个线程进行同步。
#
# 使用Thread对象的Lock和Rlock可以实现简单的线程同步，这两个对象都有acquire方法和release方法，对于那些需要每次只允许一个线程操作的数据，可以将其操作放到acquire和release方法之间。如下：
#
# 多线程的优势在于可以同时运行多个任务（至少感觉起来是这样）。但是当线程需要共享数据时，可能存在数据不同步的问题。
#
# 考虑这样一种情况：一个列表里所有元素都是0，线程"set"从后向前把所有元素改成1，而线程"print"负责从前往后读取列表并打印。
#
# 那么，可能线程"set"开始改的时候，线程"print"便来打印列表了，输出就成了一半0一半1，这就是数据的不同步。为了避免这种情况，引入了锁的概念。
#
# 锁有两种状态——锁定和未锁定。每当一个线程比如"set"要访问共享数据时，必须先获得锁定；如果已经有别的线程比如"print"获得锁定了，那么就让线程"set"暂停，也就是同步阻塞；等到线程"print"访问完毕，释放锁以后，再让线程"set"继续。
#
# 经过这样的处理，打印列表时要么全部输出0，要么全部输出1，不会再出现一半0一半1的尴尬场面。
import threading
import time
class myThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.counter = counter
def run(self):
print "Starting " + self.name
# 获得锁，成功获得锁定后返回True
# 可选的timeout参数不填时将一直阻塞直到获得锁定
# 否则超时后将返回False
threadLock.acquire()
print_time(self.name, self.counter, 3)
# 释放锁
threadLock.release()
def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
while counter:
time.sleep(delay)
print "%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time()))
counter -= 1
threadLock = threading.Lock()
threads = []
# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)
# 开启新线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
# 添加线程到线程列表
threads.append(thread1)
threads.append(thread2)
# 等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
t.join()
print "Exiting Main Thread"运行结果
Starting Thread-1
Starting Thread-2
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:07:59 2021
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:08:00 2021
Thread-1: Mon Jul 19 14:08:01 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:08:03 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:08:05 2021
Thread-2: Mon Jul 19 14:08:07 2021
Exiting Main Thread
Process finished with exit code 0队列
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading
import time
exitFlag = 0
class myThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, threadID, name, q):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.name = name
self.q = q
def run(self):
print "Starting " + self.name
process_data(self.name, self.q)
print "Exiting " + self.name
def process_data(threadName, q):
while not exitFlag:
queueLock.acquire()
if not workQueue.empty():
data = q.get()
queueLock.release()
print "%s processing %s" % (threadName, data)
else:
queueLock.release()
time.sleep(1)
threadList = ["Thread-1", "Thread-2", "Thread-3"]
nameList = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"]
queueLock = threading.Lock()
workQueue = Queue.Queue(10)
threads = []
threadID = 1
# 创建新线程
for tName in threadList:
thread = myThread(threadID, tName, workQueue)
thread.start()
threads.append(thread)
threadID += 1
# 填充队列
queueLock.acquire()
for word in nameList:
workQueue.put(word)
queueLock.release()
# 等待队列清空
while not workQueue.empty():
pass
# 通知线程是时候退出
exitFlag = 1
# 等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
t.join()
print "Exiting Main Thread"运行结果
Starting Thread-1
Starting Thread-2
Starting Thread-3
Thread-3 processing One
Thread-1 processing Two
Thread-3 processing Three
Thread-2 processing Four
Thread-1 processing Five
Exiting Thread-3
Exiting Thread-2
Exiting Thread-1
Exiting Main Thread
Process finished with exit code 0