新時代程序員都用什麼寫代碼？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分享一些優秀的寫代碼工具和使用感受","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大家好，我是魚皮。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"俗話說的好：工欲善其事，必先利其器。一款好的開發工具對程序員來說是至關重要的，可以降低開發成本、提高開發的效率和代碼質量。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以今天分享一些主流的編程開發工具，基本都是我曾經或正在使用的，附帶一些使用感受。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"編程開發工具一覽","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文大綱：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/bf/bf5fbfedc371e59aec29d653add2e2f7.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本地編輯器","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Notepad","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其實就是 Windows 系統自帶的記事本啦，致敬經典！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"別小瞧記事本，其實它也能作爲一款最原始最純潔的代碼編輯器來使用。比如我初學前端時，就用記事本編輯網頁代碼，然後在保存文件時修改後綴爲 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":".html","attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" ，雙擊就能運行了。正因爲原始、沒有任何代碼提示和校驗功能，所以記事本很適合培養新手寫代碼的規範，縮進、代碼的正確性都要自己來保證。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/45/4520a72599f8be17dc36a27da7b8df9e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Notepad++","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然軟件名稱叫 Notepad++，但它的功能可以說比 Win 自帶的記事本高了幾個次元！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它是一款開源免費的文本編輯器，軟件非常輕小，但卻同時支持幾十種編程語言，很適合拿來寫一些代碼片段，開發項目也不在話下。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/92/92ee0b23fcaa9bb7eb7e431e5bb886ac.gif","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sublime Text","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"極其輕量、界面簡潔的文本編輯器。軟件基本能做到秒開，而且也支持安裝各種插件，功能非常強大！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/8b/8b10de52ad64f02517a8cb24067aad5c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Vim","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"適用於 Linux 操作系統的文本編輯器，這個編輯器比較 “特殊”，沒有華美的界面，操作都在小黑框框中進行。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/73/737d0081e12b4ccfe93cfc0caf661d17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此對於新手來說可能不太友好，想要自如地操作它，就要花一些時間去學習它的使用快捷鍵。可一旦上手，就會發現它其實很牛逼很好用很高效，而且可謂是極客們的裝 x 神器！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網上有一張 Vim 快捷鍵的鍵盤圖，看一下就大概知道這東西可操作性還是很強的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/93/9364c11b75b70c4ef0dfe820d294727b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後臺開發中，有時我們需要對 Linux 服務器上的文件進行編輯，使用 Vim 就能直接解決了，因此多少還是要學習一點它的基礎用法。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Visual Studio Code","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就是 VS Code，是微軟 2015 年發佈的 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"免費開源","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 的輕量級代碼編輯器。由於輕量、炫酷、插件豐富等特點，使得這些年來它越發受到開發者的青睞。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首次安裝 VS Code 時，它是一款簡單易用的代碼編輯器。但通過安裝各種插件，可以將其打造爲適用於開發一切編程語言的強大 IDE（集成開發環境）。其中有一款知名的 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"遠程開發","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 插件，吸引了不少開發者，大大提高開發效率。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d3/d307daa216374eb6b9543d75fae394e7.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Atom","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitHub 開源的代碼編輯器，官網稱其爲 21 世紀的極客編輯器，特點是簡潔炫酷，讓人一看就想寫代碼哈哈。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ea/eaa4a5bef70476aebe7f714a8d747ef4.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"和 VS Code 一樣，可以通過安裝插件來增強 Atom 的功能，把它從代碼編輯器打造成功能豐富的 IDE。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我在大二的時候第一次接觸 Atom，就是被它的界面吸引，給我一種 “用它寫代碼會很酷” 的感覺。但實際使用後，感覺並不如 Sublime Text 輕量，而且當時還頻繁出現輸入時閃退的 Bug，所以後面就一鍵卸載了。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本地 IDE","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上面提到的幾款本地開發工具本質上更像是文本編輯器，很多都已經無法滿足（或者不太方便）複雜的企業級項目開發，所以，爲了提高開發效率，通常我們會使用包含了更多功能的 IDE。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面幾款都是比較優秀的本地 IDE。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JetBrains","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JetBrains 全家桶系列幾乎覆蓋了所有主流編程語言的集成開發環境，是我最喜歡、最常用的開發工具了。工作中，我一般會用 IDEA 寫 Java、用 WebStorm 寫前端、PhpStorm 寫 PHP、Goland 寫 Go 語言等，還可以使用 Toolbox 集中管理這幾個軟件。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/37/37f5cc51c861d6b6b086aa231dca382b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Visual Studio","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟多年的匠心之作，官方稱其爲 “面向任何開發者的同類最佳工具”。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不錯，功能的確極其強大且豐富，能夠支持多種編程語言的開發，Android、iOS、Mac、Windows、Web 和雲應用都不在話下。但這卻是一把雙刃劍，它應該是我認知範圍內最重最龐大的 IDE 了！而且因爲功能太多，不適合新手使用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏可能有爭議，有的同學覺得 VS 是適合新手的，功能齊全、類庫自動安裝、調試很方便對吧。但有多少初學者會使用到 VS 的高級功能呢？很多新手根本不會用到的功能都被安裝了，其實是完全沒有必要的。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"又有同學又說了，安裝 VS 時可以選擇安裝擴展呀對吧？但是對新手來說，他怎麼知道自己應該安裝哪些呢？裝多了沒用，裝少了報錯。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們當時學 C 語言時用的是 Dev C++ 或者 Code::Blocks，也都是一鍵安裝，才 100 M 左右的軟件大小，比 VS 的首次安裝和配置可要簡單多了，而且能直接上手寫代碼。這些軟件我都用過，所以個人體驗下來 VS 相對不適合新手。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（都用過的朋友歡迎以初學者的視角發表自己的看法，沒用過這幾款軟件的同學，就請別說 VS 適合新手了謝謝，不是所有同學都能直接上手 VS 的）","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"時隔多年，我依然記得首次安裝和卸載 Visual Studio 的噩夢，C 盤直接爆炸！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b5/b5f82a0284e97e440bb7872774551706.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Eclipse","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以前很流行的跨平臺集成開發環境，我最開始學 Java 和 PHP 編程時用的都是它，但後來發現無論是在界面風格、使用體驗、功能豐富度、插件生態等方面，都比不上 JetBrains 系列，所以我就直接拋棄了 Eclipse。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/dc/dc74a7574614592ebb35c50f5c2cdc17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"記得我在第一次實習寫 Java 的時候，我的導師用的就是 Eclipse，後來他發現我在用 JetBrains IDEA，於是就真香了，跟我一起愉快地用 IDEA 來寫代碼。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面這些比較通用的開發工具外，也有一些 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"獨角獸","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"，專門適用於某個編程語言或技術方向。比如可以使用 HBuilder (X) 開發前端和小程序、使用 Android Studio 開發移動端 APP、使用 Dev-C++ 和 Code::Blocks 開發 C++ 小項目、使用 Qt Creator 開發 C++ 圖形界面軟件等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cb/cb85e677f0057bcd66483f53502a0774.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Web 編輯器","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了本地開發外，還可以使用 Web 在線編輯器直接編寫和運行小代碼，更高效！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在這種技術也見怪不怪了，網上一搜就有一大堆的 Web 編輯器，這裏推薦幾個大而全的優秀 Web 編輯器網站。比如 dooccn、菜鳥教程編譯工具、JsRun 小閃電、BeJSON 等。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/ab/ab84a26fde4db537c4ef596bff7beac5.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Web IDE","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了簡單的 Web 編輯器外，前端 Web IDE 技術非常流行，將整個本地厚重的開發環境搬上雲端。使得我們可以在網頁中開發項目，甚至可以多人實時協作開發！","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"像 Coder、StackBlitz、Codespaces 和 Gitpod，基於 VS Code Web 版，提供了在瀏覽器上運行的 VS Code 開發環境。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"像 Codepen 和 CodeSandbox，可以靈活編寫前端代碼片段並進行分享、多人協作。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/b4/b429a83406ad87e611032ab93b92b69c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內的 Coding 現在做的也非常不錯，不僅支持 Web 雲端開發，還將整個項目的研發流程都集成到了雲端，實現全雲端開發。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e5/e57de1430591513d219215e4b7aff5db.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在很多新興的編程語言和技術框架也都提供了 Web IDE，幫助開發者快速上手，省去搭建環境的煩惱。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 HarmonyOS 的在線開發體驗環境、區塊鏈開發技術 Solidity 的 IDE 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