世界頂級開源象棋引擎被“剽竊”，忍無可忍憤而起訴

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，國際知名開源象棋引擎 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/stockfishchess.org\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Stockfish"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 一紙訴訟將商業國際象棋軟件"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.chessbase.com\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ChessBase"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 告上法庭，指控其多次違反 GPL 許可證。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Stockfish 是誰？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據維基百科介紹，Stockfish 是一款免費且開源的國際象棋引擎，可用於各種桌面和移動平臺，於 2004 年發佈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/a9\/a9c9130d2775c9bf537746c6323081a7.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它是世界上最強大的 CPU 國際象棋引擎，並且在大多數國際象棋引擎評級列表中一直排名第一或位於前列。在多屆 Top Chess Engine Championship 中，Stockfish 成績赫赫，經常奪得冠軍或亞軍名次。比如，它去年 9 月發佈的 Stockfish 12 開始支持 NNUE，即可以在 CPU 上快速地運行神經網絡。此特性顯著改進了 Stockfish，恢復了其作爲現有最強大的國際象棋引擎的地位。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源產品被剽竊"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，今年早些時候，Stockfish "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/stockfishchess.org\/blog\/2021\/our-lawsuit-against-chessbase\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"發現"}]},{"type":"text","text":"ChessBase 剽竊了自己的開源產品。2021年2月，ChessBase 發佈Fat Fritz 2.0，售價99.9 歐元。它基於 Stockfish 修改了幾行代碼（引擎名稱、作者列表和部分參數），增加了一套自稱是專有的 NNUE 算法。經過包裝便搖身一變，成爲自己的原創產品，並且沒有遵守開源協議對相應修改了的代碼進行開源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Stockfish 在官方博客文章中表示，“我們發現，ChessBase 向客戶隱瞞了其產品當中直接使用 Stockfish 核心技術成果的真實情況。事實上，大多數客戶根本不清楚自己付費購買的 Fat Fritz 2 或 Huodini 6 就是兩款 Stockfish 的‘魔改’版本。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Stockfish 稱，“ChessBase 一再違反 GPL 核心理念，未能履行向用戶告知相關權利的義務。看到許可證中明確列出的註明相應來源、免版稅複製 \/ 修改及分發等權利遭到無情踐踏，我們深感痛心。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，Stockfish 源代碼使用的許可證是 GPLv3。根據該協議，如果你發行一個自由程序的副本，無論是免費的還是收費的，你必須將你從上游收到的自由，向下遊傳遞下去。你必須確保他們也可以收到或者找到源代碼。你必須向他們展示同樣的授權條款，讓他們知道他們的權利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡言之，根據 GPLv3 的要求，ChessBase 在發行軟件時需要公開修改的源代碼。但是，它並未這樣做。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"告上法庭"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據悉，在一位德國版權法律師的支持下，Stockfish 向法院遞交了 GPL 侵權訴訟。在經歷長達四個月的漫長訴訟後，Stockfish 取得初步勝利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ChessBase 的 Fat Fritz 2 DVD 被全面召回、Houdini 6 也遭停售下架。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是，雙方仍未能在庭外和解方面達成共識。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Stockfish 稱，“由於 ChessBase 屢次違反許可要求，Stockfish 各主要開發人員決定永久終止向 ChessBase 提供 GPL 許可證。然而，ChessBase 選擇忽略這一基本事實，仍然冥頑不靈、繼續以原樣或經過修改的形式將 Stockfish 納入其產品當中。因此，爲了強制終止授權許可，我們決定正式提起訴訟。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一直以來，開源領域的剽竊事件層出不窮。這些剽竊事件大致分爲兩類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一類，開發者開源後的軟件被他人“魔改”，搖身一變成爲自己的開源項目，或者被他人包裝成商業產品拿去售賣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二類，開源軟件創意被剽竊，他人或其他組織推出非常相似的同類型軟件。比如，InfoQ 曾"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/9DbYho3qyuHNA3yERtMhHw","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報道"}]},{"type":"text","text":"過，一名開發者用兩年的業餘時間開發並維護的一個開源項目 AppGet，它被微軟剽竊，最終該開源項目被迫終結。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開源行業，如果說開源精神和開源文化是基礎，那麼以 GPL 許可證爲代表的開源協議則是一種保障。一旦這個行業的參與者不遵守規則，那麼開源貢獻者的利益則勢必受損。這顯然不利於開源行業的長久發展。"}]}]}