Laravel異步隊列全攻略

最近項目需求，研究了laravel的異步隊列。官方文檔雖然很是詳細，但也有些晦澀難懂，在此記錄下步驟，供大家參考。

1、修改/config/queue.php文件

<?php

return [

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Default Queue Connection Name
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Laravel's queue API supports an assortment of back-ends via a single
    | API, giving you convenient access to each back-end using the same
    | syntax for every one. Here you may define a default connection.
    |
    */

    'default' => env('QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'sync'),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Queue Connections
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here you may configure the connection information for each server that
    | is used by your application. A default configuration has been added
    | for each back-end shipped with Laravel. You are free to add more.
    |
    | Drivers: "sync", "database", "beanstalkd", "sqs", "redis", "null"
    |
    */

    'connections' => [

        'sync' => [
            'driver' => 'sync',
        ],

        'database' => [
            'driver' => 'database',
            'table' => 'jobs',
            'queue' => 'default',
            'retry_after' => 90,
        ],

        'beanstalkd' => [
            'driver' => 'beanstalkd',
            'host' => 'localhost',
            'queue' => 'default',
            'retry_after' => 90,
            'block_for' => 0,
        ],

        'sqs' => [
            'driver' => 'sqs',
            'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
            'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
            'prefix' => env('SQS_PREFIX', 'https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/your-account-id'),
            'queue' => env('SQS_QUEUE', 'your-queue-name'),
            'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
        ],

        'redis' => [
            'driver' => 'redis',
            'connection' => 'default',
            'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', 'default'),
            'retry_after' => 90,
            'block_for' => null,
        ],

    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Failed Queue Jobs
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | These options configure the behavior of failed queue job logging so you
    | can control which database and table are used to store the jobs that
    | have failed. You may change them to any database / table you wish.
    |
    */

    'failed' => [
        'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
        'table' => 'failed_jobs',
    ],

];

 注意：修改.env文件如下參數，設置隊列連接默認爲數據庫連接

QUEUE_CONNECTION=database

2、新建/app/Job/EmailJob.php，此文件爲隊列主文件

<?php
namespace App\Job;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use App\Service\EmailService;
class EmailJob implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
    private $content,$to;
    public function __construct($content,$to){
        $this->content=$content;
        $this->to=$to;
    }
    public function handle(){
        $res=false;
        $times=0;
        while($res!==true && $times<3){
            try{
                $times++;
                $res=EmailService::send($this->content,$this->to);
            }catch (\Exception $e){
                Log::error(date('Y-m-d h:i:s',time()).' send email error:'.$e->getMessage());
            }
        }
        if($res===true){
            Log::info(date('Y-m-d h:i:s',time()).' send email success:');
        }
    }
}

 3、新建/app/Service/EmailJobService.php服務，此文件爲封裝服務文件，可以不用，直接在使用的地方調用隊列。

<?php
namespace App\Service;
use App\Job\EmailJob;
class EmailJobService
{
    public static function add($content,$to){
        $job=new EmailJob($content,$to);
        dispatch($job);
    }
}

 4、打開終端切換目錄進入Laravel項目根目錄,執行如下命令，創建隊列任務需要的數據表。

php artisan queue:table

php artisan queue:failed-table

php artisan migrate

5、通過下面這條指令啓動隊列監聽服務，它會自動處理 jobs 表中的隊列任務。

php artisan queue:listen

監聽指定隊列：

php artisan queue:work --queue=default,mytask --tries=2

這是監聽 default和mytask兩個隊列，區分先後順序。

6、如果需要在linux中後臺運行，有兩種方法：

6.1 執行如下命令：

nohup php artisan queue:listen > /tmp/artisan.log 2>&1 &

6.2.1 安裝Supervisor，我的服務器系統爲CentOs7.5，所以使用yum安裝。

yum install supervisor

6.2.2 在/etc/supervisord.d下新建ini文件，eg:laraver-worker.ini，設置自動運行命令等相關參數

[program:laravel-worker]

process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d

command=php 這裏需要寫項目目錄/artisan queue:work --sleep=3 --tries=3

autostart=true

autorestart=true

user=root

numprocs=8

stdout_logfile=/root/queue/daily_english_queue.log

6.2.3 啓動supervisor，laravel隊列監聽進程便在後臺運行了。

supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

6.2.4 配置supervisor開機啓動（否則服務器重啓後必須手動啓動supervisor）

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/ //切換目錄
touch supervisord.service //新建文件
vim supervisord.service //編輯文件

文件內容：

[Unit] 
Description=Supervisor daemon

[Service] 
Type=forking 
ExecStart=/usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf 
ExecStop=/usr/bin/supervisorctl shutdown 
ExecReload=/usr/bin/supervisorctl reload 
KillMode=process 
Restart=on-failure 
RestartSec=42s

[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target

設置開機啓動

systemctl enable supervisord

驗證是否設置成功

systemctl is-enabled supervisord

7、注意：如果修改了job內的代碼（包括job調用的方法類），需要重啓queue。

php artisan queue:restart