2021全球互聯網通信雲大會（WICC）亮點回顧：AI賦能音視頻，開發者生態服務將驅動行業未來發展

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7 月 24 日，由極客邦和融雲聯合舉辦的第三屆全球互聯網通信雲大會（WICC 2021）在北京召開。上千位開發者相聚在大會現場，演講場場爆滿，還有近萬人通過網絡直播的形式，共同參與到這場大會中。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近一兩年來，音視頻行業得到了極大的發展，音視頻技術已成爲互聯網信息服務的基礎設施。無論是開發者還是普通用戶，都能清楚地看到，視頻已成爲新的、重要的交互途徑。視頻直播和 WebRTC 的應用讓我們能夠更快地適應瞬息萬變的世界，實時視頻應用和遠程呈現的重要性得到了進一步的提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"融雲每年都會舉辦全球互聯網通信雲大會（WICC），希望通過 WICC ，向行業普及前沿技術，以及各種應用實踐案例，推動通信雲行業的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"本次大會設置了上午的高峯論壇和下午三場技術分論壇，亮點主要集中在三個方面：第一，爲促進產學研用的深度融合，構建了成效顯著的交流互動平臺；第二，爲更好地建設開發者服務生態，提供了有益的解決方案；第三，分享音視頻技術在在線教育、社交泛娛樂等多個垂直場景的最佳實踐和思考，爲開發者帶來了新技術和新視野。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"產學研用深度融合"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在主論壇上，來自清華大學計算機科學與技術系的長聘教授孫立峯爲大會帶來了《互聯網音視頻服務：從 AI 賦能到智慧內生》的主題演講。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/cf\/cf0b38376b4d4ade067ebb8ce99d6afb.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"孫教授的演講，從產學研合作角度分享了AI+音視頻裏面的思考和所做的一些工作，主要圍繞：爲什麼互聯網音視頻的挑戰讓我們引入AI，AI如何讓音視頻性能得到提升，以及該領域未來有哪些演進途徑等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"上圖這些數據傳達出來的信息，大家可以看到：音視頻已經是互聯網上主導的流量；音視頻服務正在改變我們的生活和工作，以及產生新的產業格局和形態。互聯網的音視頻服務已經逐漸成爲互聯網基礎服務設施。音視頻變得重要，促進了業界和學界不斷進行技術的創新，從而帶動產業的提升和創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ec\/eca6c86fea4b859802d5b32da855be13.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲-邊-端協同已經成爲大規模互聯網音視頻的基礎架構，共同提供了音視頻服務所需的存儲、計算和網絡資源。現在動輒數十萬量級服務器資源部署、千萬級的每日上傳內容數量、億級的用戶終端數量，這種大規模帶來的是整個系統的複雜性急劇增加。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這種情況下，關注系統的動態性顯得更爲重要：比如CDN的服務質量、對雲上資源的利用率、端到端的網絡狀態，這些動態性難以保證音視頻服務的質量。用戶行爲的動態性決定音視頻流的傳輸流向和資源需求，例如當有大主播上線，會導致對系統資源的需求發生急劇變化。而底層網絡缺乏對視頻類型、畫面內容、用戶主觀質量的感知，難以滿足用戶對服務質量的要求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"所以，互聯網音視頻服務的挑戰，我們可以總結爲大規模複雜系統的決策問題。在雲端，我們要決定視頻轉碼和調度；在邊側，我們要決定部署哪些流行度高的內容，用戶接入到哪個邊緣節點來保障質量；在端側，根據網絡變化選擇什麼碼率、擁塞控制策略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前的感知和決策，靠的是一些簡單的、不精確的模型上得到的一些規則，很難達到優化的目標。所以，清華大學將AI的方法引入到了音視頻服務領域，來提供更好的體驗。他們將深度學習和（深度）強化學習使用到了音視頻領域的感知智能和決策智能中，極大地減少了雲廠商視頻分發的接入成本和回源成本，提高了視頻鏈路的利用率，同時還能滿足不延遲、不卡頓的要求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"清華大學利用CNN+LSTM的深度神經網絡，使用邊緣節點的輸入參數，時序預測邊緣節點的QoS變化，選擇匯聚節點，同時預測直播間的流行度，進行實時調度。這套方法部署到了華爲的邊緣雲上，回源成本減少30%以上，且無卡頓惡化。由於視頻畫面內容的不同，碼率的提升對視頻主觀質量的增強有顯著的差異，所以我們需要傳輸更高質量的視頻而非更高碼率。清華利用深度神經網絡基於視頻歷史畫面預測未來視頻主觀質量，在實時視頻通信場景下，能將視頻質量提升18%-25%；在CDN調度方面，基於深度強化學習的方法能將QoE提升5%，且同時將成本降低24%......"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前上述多種基於深度學習和深度強化學習的視頻傳輸優化算法已經在GitHub上開源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/e0\/e00a6604c5099967c7c9684bf0252aa5.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除孫立峯教授外，大會還邀請了北京大學副教授張行功博士，天津大學智能與計算學部教授王曉飛，中國科學院聲學研究所研究員、博士生導師李曉東等，這幾位教授立足於各自領域的尖端學術成就，爲大會分別帶來了《16K沉浸式視頻技術》、《5G 時代的邊緣智能與雲邊協同》和《通信聲學新進展》的技術分享，這些技術實現將爲 5G 下通信雲的產業發展釋放無限潛能，讓未來的通信場景變得無處不在。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建設開發者服務生態"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近年來，開發者服務生態建設的熱度持續上升。在開發者服務生態方面，融雲聯合創始人兼 CTO 楊攀在高峯論壇上發表了《以通信爲核心的開發者服務生態探索》的主題演講，圍繞着開發者需要什麼樣的服務和業務，分享了融雲關於開發者服務生態的思考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"融雲於2014年成立，開創了通信雲服務，是一個全新的服務品類。從IM如何實現不丟消息，到弱網下如何提高音視頻質量，再到音視頻服務如何實現全球覆蓋……在這個過程中，融雲的思考不斷迭代升級。楊攀指出：中國的開發者服務產業尚處於早期階段，隨着市場競爭的日趨激烈，人力成本將持續走高，企業要想優化成本結構，提升效率，就需要尋求與第三方 to B 廠商合作來進行工作替代，因此，開發者服務行業遲早會迎來爆發階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/e1\/e1e230d12241803ddd074b9ccc20b48c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在演講中，楊攀分享了構建開發者服務生態的一些經驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"現在中國移動互聯網業務席捲全球，楊攀認爲，出海業務經歷這麼多年的發展，除了解決技術這一基礎問題之外，還有相當多的其它問題需要開發者去考慮，其中就包括文化和法律法規。合規涉及的細節非常之多。在個人隱私方面國內出臺了《信息安全技術 個人信息安全規範》，國外的法規有GDPR、CCPA、HIPAA等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"做全球業務的時候，開發者一定要注意App是否有違背相關法規的行爲，或者App集成的第三方SDK是否有收集用戶隱私。在國內可能因觸犯用戶隱私法規而受到相關處罰；在國外還有可能會被罰到“傾家蕩產”，導致公司直接關閉。所以，在"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"全球化"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"過程中，通信雲廠商應提醒開發者時刻保持內容合規與安全的意識，避免因觸碰“紅線”讓企業遭受難以承受的損失。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"合規化"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"方面，概括起來包括個人隱私、數據安全、數據主權、內容安全和通信安全等。除了關注各種隱私、安全法規外，融雲還爲開發者在文檔裏提供了現成的說明參考模板。在內容安全上，融雲的系統滿足了內容審覈多樣性、多語言支持、多種審覈模式的要求，而且還針對不同業務類型提供了不同的審覈模型。另外，融雲還以登陸憑證認證、鏈路安全、平臺安全管理等措施，保障用戶通信安全。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在應對開發者的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"全棧化"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"需求方面，平臺需要支持的技術棧越來越多：Flutter、React Native、Unity、uni-app、H5、Electron、Mini Program、Windows、Linux。不同的技術棧服務的是不同的業務場景，而這些不同的技術棧，還得考慮不同平臺、不同版本的兼容性問題，廠商需要做不同的交叉驗證。楊攀介紹道：“你在用一個開箱即用的業務的時候，實際上背後有非常多隱藏的細節，被融雲這樣的廠商所封裝起來。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從服務開發者實踐角度來看，也有幾個趨勢值得注意。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一是要提供"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"場景化"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"能力，就是將業務邏輯抽象出來，封裝出這一場景的最佳實踐供用戶使用。演講中，楊攀以語聊房場景舉例，使用融雲封裝的SDK，只需 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