Facebook發佈面向未來的隱私增強技術

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"新技術需要時間來開發，但我們相信，通過持續的迭代，我們可以構建支持自由和開放互聯網的解決方案。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"美國當地時間8月11日，Facebook 在官網發佈了新的隱私增強技術提案，並倡導各行業人士共同建立更加自由和開放的互聯網。Facebook 提到，新的隱私增強技術旨在保護用戶的隱私，減少互聯網公司對個人以及第三方數據的依賴。運用這項新技術，在幫助互聯網公司篩選非必須處理的個人信息量的同時，不影響互聯網公司向人們展示廣告並衡量廣告商的廣告效果。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互聯網公司的宿命：隱私與利益的博弈"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"利用“用戶畫像”賺錢是互聯網行業的常規業務模式，然而，利用用戶信息的方式直接決定了互聯網公司是否有觸犯用戶隱私的風險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我們耳熟能詳的衆多大型互聯網公司，都曾因爲用戶信息使用不當接受過處罰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2017年9月，Facebook 在未告知用途的前提下收集當地用戶的個人信息（包括性別、宗教信仰、個人偏好、瀏覽歷史等），並用於廣告業務，被西班牙政府罰款120萬歐元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2018年，Facebook 與劍橋分析的數據分析公司合作，利用8700多萬用戶數據從事大數據工作，影響總統選舉，最終被美國聯邦貿易委員會（FTC）罰款50億美金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020年6月，谷歌由於在瀏覽器的“無痕”模式中依然跟蹤用戶互聯網使用動作，以及無論用戶是否點擊谷歌支持的廣告，谷歌都通過谷歌分析、谷歌廣告管理器等應用以及包括智能手機App等在內的網站插件收集用戶信息，被罰款50億美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"轉向國內，最令大家印象深刻的恐怕是今年7月的滴滴事件。7月4日，由於存在嚴重違法違規收集使用個人信息問題，滴滴出行APP國家網信辦通知下架。隨後更有七部委聯合進駐滴滴調查事件始末。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨着隱私監管環境不斷變化，我們不得不承認，互聯網公司依靠數字廣告賺錢的模式風險越來越大。而對於言必稱自己是高科技公司的互聯網大廠們來說，如何依靠技術降低這一風險成爲不得不考慮的課題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱私增強技術三大應用：安全多方計算 (MPC)、基於設備的自主學習和差異隱私"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年8月，Facebook發佈了隱私增強技術及最新的解決方案。其中提到，隱私增強技術 (PET) 可以最大限度地減少處理的數據量，以幫助保護個人信息。這一技術可用於許多不同的環境，例如 COVID-19 聯繫人追蹤、識別城市搬遷趨勢和發送電子支付。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"同時，Facebook結合實踐發佈了三個用於構建和測量個性化廣告的方案--安全多方計算（MPC）、基於設備的自主學習和差異隱私。以下是三者的簡要介紹："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"安全多方計算：安全多方計算（MPC）允許兩個或多個組織一起工作，同時限制參與者可接觸到的信息。在MPC中，數據是端到端加密的：在傳輸、存儲和使用過程中，確保任何一方都無法看到對方的數據。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"基於設備的自主學習：基於設備的自主學習類似邊緣計算。其根據在設備上計算得來的洞察訓練算法，而無需將個人數據（例如購物清單或個人電子郵件地址）發送到遠程服務器或雲端。這項技術可以用於找到展示相關廣告的新方法，而無需瞭解用戶在其他應用程序和網站上的操作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"差異隱私：查分隱私是一種可以單獨使用或應用於其他隱私增強技術以保護數據不被重新識別的技術。 查分隱私通過將仔細計算的“噪聲”包含到數據集來起作用。例如，如果有 118 人在點擊廣告後購買了產品，那麼差異化私有系統會從該數字中添加或減去隨機數量。因此，使用該系統的人會看到類似 120 或 114 的數字，而不是 118。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"欲瞭解更多詳情可到Facebook官網查看："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2021\/08\/privacy-enhancing-technologies-and-ads"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社交巨頭的遠見：技術之外的事"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"說回Facebook 的發佈要聞，其中提到，“我們多年來一直在投資建立一系列"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.fb.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F07%2Fprivacy-enhancing-technologies-and-ads%2F&h=AT1oE2T3uGSEO9kgWvgEKbg6kfWJ_Oj8xqz1jfAk9i56lJIjvtQOOkBfpQiNiEj_b0Stu-MSRKf4HmCh-7diN_kx-T1afQNUEaDHWg72w571muelCwgH5JeNCCENiYcRDEpSVSAzG0lXVIRFrxBGjWSemog","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱私增強技術"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，並與同行合作制定相關標準，以支持下一個時代”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"早在去年，Facebook就與合作伙伴測試了應用安全多方計算的隱私增強技術的Private Lift Measurement 解決方案，幫助廣告商在瞭解廣告活動效果的同時，增加了額外的隱私層限制Facebook這類平臺的訪問。Facebook 提到，這一解決方案將於2022年廣泛提供給廣告商。同時，還將開源"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ffacebookresearch%2Ffbpcf&h=AT3MFhY3QWHWVX-Lvw3CcJx6S-Gm6f5x2wJMxjbbfyXnpcaWqZDrJE8rocMZOvUWYYaK41BN6Tlq1y4cQyuEzJzHhxLmy5-atNqYs7uY8XuL7GBBmhljbvl8VvnozzOrDM4FAT0q1-pTTy3TR8HzmTbItpA","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"私有計算解決方案"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"框架，促進業內人士基於該技術開發產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從商業上來說，行業共識是比技術更重要的事情。Facebook作爲巨頭自然很清楚這一點，因此，Facebook在發佈隱私增強技術的同時，呼籲平臺、發行商、開發商和其他參與者共建行業標準和相關的解決方案。Facebook提到，我們與各參與方的研討主要集中在三個領域："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數據用例：當廣告商在使用互聯網數據時，隱私增強技術需要解決最重要的問題是什麼？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"提案：爲了用好隱私增強技術，並且不耽誤數據的正常使用，我們可以開發哪些提案？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"反饋：我們如何協作以迭代和改進現有提案？"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在接下來的幾個月裏，Facebook將會通過活動與客戶，同行以及合作伙伴更頻繁地接觸，討論下一個個性化體驗時代以及如何共同開發解決方案。Facebook強調，“新技術需要時間來開發，但我們相信，通過持續的迭代，我們可以構建支持自由和開放互聯網的解決方案”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/business\/news\/building-for-the-future"}]}]}