基礎設施雲化率已達60%：海爾集團IT架構演進與雲化改造的探索實踐

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近幾年，數字化轉型已經成爲所有傳統企業的必選項，而不再僅僅是一個可選項。據清華大學全球產業研究院發佈的《中國企業數字化轉型研究報告》，2020年企業數字化轉型整體成熟度進一步提升，尤其國內傳統企業的數字化轉型已經從部分行業頭部企業的選擇性發展，轉變爲更多行業、更多企業的發展必經之路。而海爾集團在信息化、數字化方面的思考和實踐一直走在國內企業的前列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"海爾集團在數字時代的轉型，是自我顛覆式的全系統重組，是一場直達終端用戶體驗的廣義“再造”，而IT平臺在這個過程中起到了核心引擎的作用。本文，InfoQ採訪了海爾集團IT的數位嘉賓，以期瞭解這家多元化企業數字化轉型和雲化改造背後的故事。正處在數字化轉型進程中的海爾集團，其IT基礎設施架構是如何設計和演進的？基礎設施雲化改造如何推進？面對龐大的業務體系和多變的業務需求，IT平臺怎麼做好支撐？轉型過程中有怎樣的思考和經驗總結？本文將一一解答。（本文節選自"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/minibook\/rqvZHbKLePA4eE8G85kp","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《中國頂尖技術團隊訪談錄》2021年第四季"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"採訪嘉賓："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"劉超 海爾集團CTO"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"郭乾繼 海爾集團IT平臺 基礎中心總監"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"陳合 海爾集團IT平臺 技術中心總監"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#a5a5a5","name":"user"}}],"text":"李曉文 海爾集團IT平臺 安全中心總監"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“數字化重生”進行時"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：海爾集團開始數字化轉型的契機是什麼？簡單介紹下海爾數字化轉型的背景？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"劉超："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"當前，整個行業和用戶的需求發生了很大變化，用戶更看重的是企業能不能快速響應不斷變化的用戶需求，給用戶更好的體驗。在這樣的大環境下，海爾這兩年以數字化轉型爲契機，讓海爾從傳統制造業爲主的跨國企業轉型成爲全球物聯網生態品牌企業，更好地滿足全球不同用戶體驗需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我們能夠看到整個社會正在由傳統工業化時代向數字化時代邁進，海爾傳統工廠規模化製造出的產品已無法適應市場的新需求，可能生產出來就變成庫存。數字化時代，規模化定製正在成爲現實，比如目前我們的海爾互聯工廠應運而生。首先，我們要把從設計研發、生產製造、配送安裝、營銷服務等各個環節要素打通並連接，同時動態地將客戶的需求和生產要素進行匹配，企業的管理人員能夠實時知道訂單在什麼環節，下一步要去哪裏，這個訂單來自什麼用戶，這個用戶是新客人還是第二次購買；同時企業內部的人員可以在這個數字化平臺上看到個性化數據報告，比如產線製造的哪個產品賣得更好，我們的生產工藝需要再進行什麼優化等等。在這個過程中海爾通過人單合一商業模式的創新爲數字化指引了清晰的方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：您對數字化以及數字化轉型的理解是什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"劉超："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"我理解的數字化是能夠幫助用戶願意和海爾做生意，用戶願意體驗和使用海爾的產品和場景服務，這個過程是更快捷、更安全和更愉悅的。我們的用戶獲得成功是我們企業存在價值的前提，在這個過程中我們和用戶之間實現雙贏。而數字化轉型可以幫助我們提升用戶體驗，讓用戶在接觸海爾場景的時時刻刻都能有良好的體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數字化轉型主要要解決三個維度的問題：一是找到用戶，做到以用戶體驗爲中心，當然對我們大型企業來說各個環節上的用戶非常多，我們優先滿足爲企業直接創造價值的一線用戶的需求，不僅僅是系統頁面簡潔和流暢，而且要能幫助我們的用戶成長；二是聚焦業務場景，確保我們的數字化轉型沒有偏離業務目標，讓業務朝着設定的目標加速邁進，這個過程中要讓我們的業務和運營人員全程參與進來，大家組成鏈羣，共同讓海爾各個板塊的業務利潤得到迅速提升；三是打造平臺，沉澱海爾自己的能力，我們打造的這個平臺不僅要具備通用的能力，而且要讓業務參與進來，共同打造一個有生命力的數字化平臺，這個平臺應該是動態的，能夠隨着市場變化而調整服務，共同支撐海爾集團的黑海戰略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：您認爲IT在海爾數字化轉型過程中的價值貢獻是什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"劉超："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"IT在企業中的角色向來都是成本中心，由傳統意義的成本中心向價值中心去轉變，最大的驗證標誌還是反映在業務主幹流上的價值指標變化。而圍繞IT價值創造這個核心，集團IT主要基於“SAFE”體系展開數字化能力建設與目標的驗證。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“SAFE”目標體系，拆解開來就是集團IT數字化轉型的五個目標和方向，分別是：體驗、效率、成本、質量和安全。"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"體驗（Smooth），即給用戶帶來順滑自然的體驗，保證讓用戶專注於業務。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"效率（Agile），即提供敏捷靈活的支撐，保證讓業務專注於目標。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"成本（Fused），即兼容幷蓄的體系，保證讓實現專注於邏輯。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"質量（Effective），即高效高質的實現，保證讓產品專注於價值。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"安全（SAFE），保證自始至終的安全。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"海爾集團IT通過建設以“SAFE”爲核心目標的數字化轉型支撐體系，統一目標，強化與用戶的鏈接與融合，逐步形成技術驅動型的鏈羣組織，保證人人蔘與數字化轉型、人人專注價值創造。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：在數字化轉型過程中，不同業務線遇到的痛點和需求各有不同，而且面對越來越多變的業務需求，集團IT平臺怎麼做到快速滿足？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"劉超："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"海爾在數字時代的轉型，是自我顛覆式的全系統重組，是一場成功直達終端用戶體驗的廣義“再造”。也正是因爲海爾正在進行的數字化重構、數字化重生，促使每個業務單元進行根本性變革，而IT在裏面正是起到核心引擎的作用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲了支撐產業的數字化變革和靈活多變的商業模式探索，集團IT建立整個數字化支撐體系，以“文化、方法論、架構、能力、組織、流程制度”爲核心的數字化重生六基石，統一體系內的溝通、基礎、運作。在這個基礎之上，我們着力數字化技術能力、業務數字化能力、敏捷交付能力三條數字化能力線的建設，通過兩大工具體系實現對外的服務賦能：其一是通過業務數字化能力提供敏捷交付能力，服務業務人員；其二是通過一站式整合敏捷交付能力與數字化技術能力服務各領域IT。其中，以快捷應用SaaS爲代表的敏捷交付體系，正是爲了滿足靈活快速地支撐產業探索階段需求而誕生的數字化工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"而從整體的IT開發模式的支撐來看，我們創新"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“面向業務體系的開發模式”"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，這是IT領域爲了更好地適應和支撐企業發展不同階段而誕生的數字化能力體系，而我們也是通過快捷應用SaaS體系將四個階段的開發模式完全貫穿，結合不同企業階段的不同特性和對IT能力的需求，匹配不同的支撐體系，助力集團不同類型不同規模產業的快速迭代和探索發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"海爾IT架構佈局和演進思路"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494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海爾IT基礎架構演進的思路是怎樣的？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳合："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨着技術的發展和積累，技術的垂直領域越來越多，且每個垂直技術領域內的深度也越來越深。整個行業的IT演進整體趨勢是在向無邊界應用時代邁進，海爾IT基礎架構依託行業趨勢演變出了海爾特色演進思路，即從信息化、EAI時代，到雲原生時代，到最終的無邊界應用時代。真正的無邊界時代是能夠打破應用運行邊界，連接並打通應用功能，實現順滑自然的體驗。海爾一直在探索和實踐如何實現無邊界，希望可以真正跨入一個新的時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：可以簡單介紹下海爾IT基礎架構的佈局嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳合："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前行業大部分企業IT系統主要以傳統的煙囪式爲主，無法響應業務快速變化的需求。海爾依託數字化轉型戰略，結合豎井式系統現狀，採用"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三臺架構的模式佈局"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，通過構建15大核心科技能力佈局前中後臺，明確IT、業務邊界，共建實現“穩後臺+連中臺+活前臺”轉型，同時通過自主構建去形成海爾獨特的數字化核心競爭力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/21\/21802601fcc05d3c7eeed563e9caf812.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：海爾集團內部業務線非常多，IT基礎架構如何在快速滿足業務需求的同時又能保持系統的穩定性？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳合："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"海爾集團整體業務體量巨大，內部業務線非常多，人員構成複雜，而當前IT設施的重要性就要求我們必須保證系統的穩定性。系統穩定涉及範圍非常廣，我們大致總結了4個方面：①架構設計和代碼實現；②開發和運維管理流程；③所有人員的線上意識；④項目質量管理。海爾在這4個方面都有比較完備的保障體系。由於時間原因，今天只分享在架構設計上海爾比較有特色的兩個點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一點是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"無缺陷的設計模式："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲了保障系統整體穩定性，我們設計了一套無缺陷的設計模式。這不是說系統完全沒有bug，而是當不管遇到任何已知問題和未知問題的時候，系統在能力輸出上都是無缺陷的，能夠提供完整的業務能力。爲了實現這個目標，我們通過設計讓系統在分層、分級、分節點上實現自動感知、自動分析、自動處理，最終把一個系統從開環狀態變成自閉環狀態。大致過程如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/82\/827374383787d7bdfe2e448cdc389a97.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這個模式在IaaS層和PaaS層的實現相對比較容易理解，所以我以Nginx來舉一個簡單的例子：感知引擎實時感知Nginx流量情況，分析引擎根據感知引擎的結果發現當前流量已經超過設定的水位閾值，即交給處理引擎進行擴容處理，從任何用戶的角度看系統依然能夠完整提供能力。要實現整個設計最重要的點在於關注能力的輸出，而不要陷入裏面的具體細節。根據這個原則，海爾在能力感知、能力分析、能力處理上形成了一套完善的體系方案。傳統的自愈能力都只考慮到在IaaS和PaaS，而我們還深化到SaaS和BaaS層上。最終在橫向業務場景、縱向架構層級上，立體地實現了無缺陷設計。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二點是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"向上統一"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"：除了無缺陷設計外，另一個有特色的是向上統一。業界都在提數字化轉型過程中必須實現“高速路上換輪胎”，而“高速路上換輪胎”是最容易出穩定性問題的，這裏就分享一個“高速路上換輪胎”的架構設計。近段時間我們在做賬號統一的工作，由於歷史原因，海爾內部存在多個賬號中心，如果直接建立一個賬號中心替換其他賬號中心，在實施上涉及多個應用的調整和多套系統數據的遷移等，極容易出現問題。爲此我們提出了一種叫向上統一的設計模式，新建一套賬號中心只做登錄認證。 新賬號中心作爲其他賬號體系向上的統一層，和多套舊賬號體系實現數據互通，業務系統和新賬號中心對接，使用戶流量逐漸匯聚到新賬號中心。在實現全產業拉通後，通過治理再把老的業務能力逐漸沉澱到新的賬號中心裏，這樣業務和數據都能平滑過渡，實現“高速公路上換輪胎”。另外，在這種設計模式下，前期賬號中心業務單一，實施簡單、風險可控，技術架構和代碼質量能夠比較容易得到保證，從而提升了系統的穩定性。另外由於只做登錄和認證，不做用戶中心，不入侵老舊業務，實施快，推行起來阻力也比較小。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：我們瞭解到，自主可控是海爾IT數字能力建設的一大方向，從依賴外部到實現自主可控，技術上做了哪些努力？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳合："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"海爾IT數字能力建設的重要目標肯定是要實現能力自主可控。我們首先規範架構指導，制定併發布集團級架構標準，爲海爾架構夯實底座，並以《海爾集團IT架構白皮書》爲架構評審依據統一架構規範，賦能全集團架構回正；其次，我們自主構建了15大科技能力，涉及權限、賬號、數據、集成等，完全自研自開發；最後針對科技能力進行專利佈局，目前已經申請完成科技專利三十多個。總結下來，主要就是通過標準規範、自建能力、專利保護三個方面來推動實現海爾數字化能力的自主可控。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：未來海爾IT技術與架構的發展方向是什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳合："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"毫無疑問，海爾IT未來的發展還是要緊緊圍繞數字化、自主可控、核心能力等幾個方面建設，通過構建具有海爾特色的架構模式，支撐集團黑海戰略，同時依託IT行業演進趨勢，構建賬號等六大統一，推動無邊界應用早日實現。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼要做基礎設施雲化改造？如何推進？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：海爾爲什麼要做基礎設施雲化？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"郭乾繼："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數字化轉型的大背景下，系統結構發生裂變，業務切分得越來越細，相應的複雜度也呈幾何倍數增加，已經超出了人力所能管理的限度。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"傳統架構基礎設施面臨以下幾個痛點：私有云或託管運維投入巨大，多廠家運維，端到端SLA無法保證；IT技術發展迅速（容器、大數據、EI、區塊鏈），傳統私有云不能靈活快速演進。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這種變化下，需要有更加穩定和敏捷的基礎設施平臺來支撐業務的高速發展，爲業務創新提供堅實的技術底座。同時，基礎設施雲化可以更合理地使用好資源，比如實現更高的資源使用率、更好的高可用性設計、更靈活的交付方式以及成本節約。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：能否介紹下海爾基礎設施雲化改造的整個歷程？分爲哪幾個階段？關鍵階段遇到的難點和挑戰是什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"郭乾繼："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲化改造和項目方式沒有什麼太大的區別，唯一不同就是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲化是一個沒有終點的過程"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"typ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海爾集團數字化轉型帶給安全什麼樣的機遇和挑戰？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"李曉文："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨着海爾集團IT架構不斷演進，雲化改造和數字化轉型也在加速推進，安全的邊界在互聯世界裏逐漸消退，攻擊面也隨之擴大，數字化業務將面臨更多的安全風險，因此安全保障需要以更快的速度來適配業務的數字化能力，引進新思路、新框架、新技術、新模型幫助數字化生態系統在快速安全構建的同時，更加穩健、有序，以打造數字化業務的韌性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"InfoQ：海爾物聯網生態模式下，如何更好地構建安全保障和能力？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"李曉文："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"橋樑越大內部結構越重要。在海爾物聯網生態模式下，安全團隊需要一套與數字化業務能力相適配的打法，以構建全方位內生安全保障體系。主要包括以下幾個層面："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"風險管理："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"網絡安全的本質是風險管理，需要基於大數據分析來實現，在海爾的生態體系下，我們基於Cyber Security Mesh風險管理思路，快速敏捷地評估業務中的風險，構建了動態感知和洞察風險的可視化管理能力；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"將安全文化提升至業務決策層面："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在業務決策時，將網絡安全作爲一個業務問題而非技術問題，在數字化業務案例預研之時嵌入安全屬性，將風險的處置能力左移至業務側，在數字化過程中，確保安全能力被評估、識別和適配，使得安全投入有最佳的產出比；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"採取主動防禦措施對抗攻擊者："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數字化轉型的過程中，由於IT架構持續演進，基於新的IT架構，安全在容器、主機、網絡、應用層面的基礎能力需持續延伸和夯實；與此同時，需要構建先進的“雷達”能力，通過內部部署的Sensor收集並識別潛在威脅，以人工+自動化的方式確保擁有最新情報，通過增強SOC的大數據分析能力，積極防範和對抗更廣泛的攻擊者，並通過對重要資產主動進行持續的威脅監控，安全團隊的“狩獵”團隊能夠轉移攻擊者對有價值的資產的攻擊，具備能力在內部網絡中與“敵人”過招；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"安全的交付能力："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在安全能力建設過程中，夯實基礎，沉澱安全的各項能力，打造高彈性組件化的安全一體化體系和能力，將安全的能力以組件化的方式快速交付至海爾不同的業務生態圈，適配不同業務的安全保障需求；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"建立多方位的生態系統："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"新冠肺炎疫情推動數字化加速轉型，網絡安全不再是安全產品簡單的實施和疊加，全球網絡互聯互通，某一個組織或者企業亦無法獨善其身，需要攜手供應商、客戶、技術供應商、監管機構、標準機構和行業協會共建，打造立體式主動防禦的生態體系。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"迷你書推薦："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"中國頂尖技術團隊訪談錄（2021 年第四季）開放"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/minibook\/rqvZHbKLePA4eE8G85kp","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下載"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"本期"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/minibook\/rqvZHbKLePA4eE8G85kp","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《中國頂尖技術團隊訪談錄》"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"精選了騰訊科恩、金蝶、海爾集團IT、小紅書、網易、阿里等技術團隊在技術落地、團隊建設方面的實踐經驗及心得體會。InfoQ希望通過這樣的記錄，向外界傳遞頂尖技術團隊的做事方法\/技術實踐，讓開發者瞭解他們的知識積累、技術演進、產品錘鍊與團隊文化等，並從中獲得有價值的見解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果你身處傳統企業經歷了完整的數字化轉型過程或者正在互聯網公司進行創新技術的研發，並希望 InfoQ 可以關注並採訪你所在的技術團隊，可以添加微信：caifangfang842852，請註明來意及公司名稱。"}]}]}