VS Code 更新 Python 支持，微軟爲支持Pylance拋棄開源語言服務器

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"9月初，Microsoft 宣佈"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/python\/python-in-visual-studio-code-september-2021-release\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更新"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"了 Visual Studio Code 中對 Python 的支持，並引入了 Web 瀏覽器中的編輯功能。該公司還將其開源的 Python 語言服務器存檔，以支持閉源的 Pylance。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"11月份，微軟將再次更新 Python in Visual Studio Code 擴展，而Microsoft Python 語言服務器也將隨之結束生命週期。棄用後，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/python-language-server","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft Python 語言服務器存儲庫"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"將被標記爲已存檔，不過開發者仍然可以在語言服務器的代碼庫上進行分叉和構建。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Python 2.7 用戶的 IntelliSense 支持來自"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/davidhalter\/jedi\/releases\/tag\/v0.17.2","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jedi 0.17"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，這也將是支持 Python 2.7 的最後一個Jedi版本。從10月份開始，微軟將只支持Jedi 0.18和更高的版本，不再提供對Jedi 0.17的支持，同時放棄支持ctags和rope。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/vscode-python\/wiki\/Limited-support-for-Python-2.7","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"官方建議"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"是升級到 Python 3 或最好使用 Pylance 。但某些 Python 庫僅存在於 2.x 版本中，這也可能是一個問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"語言服務器是驅動 VS Code 編輯器中特定編程語言的功能引擎，例如支持語法突出顯示、代碼完成和錯誤檢測。微軟第一次使用 Python 語言服務器是在 2018 年，並且將其"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/python-language-server","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2020 年 6 月，微軟宣佈使用性能更高、功能更豐富的新 Python 語言服務器Pylance ，並最終放棄了舊語言服務器 Microsoft Python 語言服務器。此後，微軟團隊一直"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/devblogs.microsoft.com\/python\/python-in-visual-studio-code-may-2021-release\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在改進"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pylance 和開源語言服務器"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/pappasam\/jedi-language-server","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jedi 中的"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","text":"語言服務器支持"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pylance 可利用語言服務器協議與 VS Code 進行通信。據介紹稱，Pylance 是以微軟的靜態類型檢查工具 Pyright 作爲基礎開發的全新的語言服務器，利用類型 stubs（.pyi 文件）和惰性類型推斷來提供高性能的開發體驗。Pylance 通過豐富的類型信息增強用戶的 Python IntelliSense 體驗，幫助用戶更快、更好地編寫代碼。Pylance 擴展還隨附了熱門模塊的形態存根檔（Type Stub）集合，以提供快速、準確的自動完成和類型檢查。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根據統計數據，Python 擴展組件的安裝量超過 4100 萬，而第三方 Python 擴展組件的安裝量僅 300 多萬，後者使用 pyLint 或 flake8 作爲 linter（均爲開源）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pylance 現在已經成爲 Python for Visual Studio Code 的默認語言支持，微軟幾乎所有的用戶都已切換到了該新語言服務器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"儘管 VS Code 是免費和開源的，但與微軟最初的 Python 語言服務器不同，Pylance是閉源的，這也是其不太吸引開發者的地方。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pylance的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/marketplace.visualstudio.com\/items\/ms-python.vscode-pylance\/license","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"許可"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"聲明顯示，開發者只能在 Microsoft Visual Studio、Visual Studio for Mac、Visual Studio Code、Azure DevOps、Team Foundation Server 和後續 Microsoft 產品和服務（統稱爲，Visual Studio 產品和服務）中，來開發和測試應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"語言服務器是 VS Code 的基礎。儘管Pylance 是建立在一個單獨的開源項目"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/pyright","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pyright 之上"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，但這樣的改變一定程度上還是破壞了編輯器的開源狀態，並使社區更難修復問題和提出改進建議。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}