“芯”太狠！10元芯片賣400元，這3家汽車芯片經銷商被重罰了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“缺芯”不是“炒芯”的理由。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因哄擡價格，3家汽車芯片經銷商被重罰"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片荒還在持續，供需矛盾之下也造成了很多市場亂象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，國家市場監督管理總局依法對上海鍥特電子有限公司、上海誠勝實業有限公司、深圳市譽暢科技有限公司三家汽車芯片經銷企業哄擡汽車芯片價格行爲共處250萬元罰款。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經查，上海鍥特、上海誠勝、深圳譽暢3家經銷企業大幅加價銷售部分汽車芯片，如進價不到10元的芯片，以400多元的高價銷售，漲幅達40倍。而在供需平衡交易條件下，汽車芯片貿易商的加價率一般爲7%-10%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三家經銷企業利用我國汽車芯片供需失衡，在採購價格基本穩定的情況下，大幅加價銷售汽車芯片。下游汽車零配件企業因無芯片可用，面臨斷供違約賠償的風險，不得不接受當事人高額報價。經銷企業這種大幅加價行爲，不僅不能增加產品供應，緩解供需矛盾，反而製造緊張情緒，致使零配件製造商、車企等各環節恐慌性備貨，進一步加劇供需失衡，推動價格過快、過高上漲，擾亂了市場價格秩序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市場監管總局稱，上述企業行爲違反了《中華人民共和國價格法》第十四條“經營者不得有下列不正當價格行爲：捏造、散佈漲價信息，哄擡價格，推動商品價格過高上漲”的規定，構成《價格違法行爲行政處罰規定》第六條第一款第（三）項所指的“利用其他手段哄擡價格，推動商品價格過快、過高上漲的”價格違法行爲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"9月7日，市場監管總局依法對三家經銷企業哄擡汽車芯片價格行爲作出行政處罰，共處罰款250萬元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市場監督管理總局稱，今年上半年，受全球半導體行業整體開工不足、日本地震、美國德州暴雪等事件疊加影響，汽車芯片供給嚴重不足。我國國內疫情得到有效控制，新能源汽車產能擴大，對芯片需求明顯增加，加之5G技術發展迅速，電子領域對芯片的需求快速增加，擠佔了部分汽車芯片的產能，導致國內汽車芯片供需失衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"與此同時，國內有個別不法商販、遊資集團惡意搶購芯片，囤積居奇、哄擡價格，造成部分汽車芯片價格持續上漲，有的上漲3-10倍，個別上漲達30-40倍，嚴重影響了我國汽車行業有序生產和健康發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據市場監管總局調查，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"今年以來，汽車芯片生產商、授權代理商等銷售芯片價格上漲幅度爲10%-15%，個別芯片上漲50%。"},{"type":"text","text":" 有個別經銷企業趁機惡意搶購短缺芯片，大幅加價銷售，哄擡價格，牟取高額利潤。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下一步，市場監管總局還將繼續密切關注芯片領域價格秩序，強化價格監測，嚴厲打擊囤積居奇、哄擡價格等違法行爲，維護良好市場秩序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzNjUxMzk2NQ==&mid=2247513247&idx=1&sn=550fa414b3983a4f842f82eb883f3d7c&chksm=e8d44b5ddfa3c24be4879d68779b8c43d541693fa8c49b7d0d23e86e617e41354f72eb321716&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"央視財經"}]},{"type":"text","text":"對“炒芯”行爲發表評論：部分經銷商惡意漲價，引發市場價格混亂，加劇市場恐慌情緒。汽車企業無奈選擇大量囤貨掃貨，提高芯片庫存，以抵禦未來風險，進一步加劇“缺芯”的困境，導致惡性循環。在一些人眼中，“炒芯”似乎是“缺芯”的必然產物，但是當更多拿不到芯片的汽車企業扛不住，停產了甚至倒閉了，最終傷害的又是誰？“蒜你狠”變成“蒜你慘”的例子就在眼前。“缺芯”不是“炒芯”的理由。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汽車行業，缺芯嚴重"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"汽車芯片是汽車製造業重要元件，一輛普通汽車需要芯片200多顆，新能源汽車則至少需要500顆。汽車芯片短缺導致我國汽車產銷明顯下降，我國6月份乘用車產銷分別完成155.5萬輛和156.9萬輛，環比分別下降3.8%和4.7%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蔓延全球範圍內的缺芯已令不少車企感到“頭疼”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"福特、大衆以及捷豹路虎等企業已經關閉部分工廠、被迫裁員並削減汽車產量。Plurimi Investment Managers 公司 CIO Patrick Armstrong 曾在今年 5 月接受採訪時，表達了更爲悲觀的預期 ，“只要聽聽福特、寶馬、大衆的真實感受，就會意識到目前的汽車產能體系中出現了嚴重瓶頸，他們拿不到生產新車所需要的芯片。”他認爲這種情況或將持續 18 個月之久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年7月，特斯拉CEO馬斯克在2021第二季度財報電話會議中稱爲了應對芯片短缺造成的危機，特斯拉正在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/8vcKhh9qxKsfrSzpgYbT","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重寫"}]},{"type":"text","text":"其汽車軟件，以支持替代芯片。“我們使用了替代芯片，然後花幾周時間編寫固件，”馬斯克說。“這不僅僅是更換芯片那麼簡單，還必須要重寫軟件。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克還稱，特斯拉未來的增長取決於全球半導體短缺是否能迅速解決。“全球芯片短缺仍然會繼續，而且很嚴重。在今年餘下的時間裏，我們的增長取決於供應鏈中最緩慢的部分。” “我們最大的挑戰是供應鏈，尤其是微控制器芯片。從來沒有見過這樣的事情”，馬斯克說道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位汽車行業專家曾在接受 InfoQ 採訪時表示，“微控制器芯片芯片比傳統汽車的周邊芯片顯得更爲重要，屬於汽車上提供複雜功能的控制器部分，涉及到比如液晶儀表、大屏顯示，以及控制車鎖車燈等等。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國諮詢公司 AlixPartners 的數據顯示，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球芯片短缺將"}]},{"type":"text","text":"使今年的汽車產量減少約 390 萬輛，使製造商損失近 1100 億美元的收入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彭博社此前報道稱，由於芯片供應短缺，部分汽車製造商不得不在產品中剔除某些高端功能。據報道，日產公司就決定將部分車型中的標配導航系統去除；而 RAM Trucks 也取消了 1500 輛皮卡上配備的防盲區“智能”後視鏡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球第四大汽車製造商 Stellantis不久前表示，芯片短缺問題在過去一個季度中有持續惡化的趨勢。不少業內人士認爲，缺芯態勢很可能延續至 2022 年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.samr.gov.cn\/xw\/zj\/202109\/t20210910_334620.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"http:\/\/www.samr.gov.cn\/xw\/zj\/202109\/t20210910_334620.html"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzU1NDA4NjU2MA==&mid=2247543136&idx=1&sn=fb9589be1f32f9fe2b03ccf8a8b01162&chksm=fbea90afcc9d19b9fbf6d023c8e7571ea6510a96bee2074a8ffaa74dda38b2c72aabb12931b3&scene=27#wechat_redirect"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]}]}