42%受訪者能夠接受機器人伴侶，研究生最害怕因AI發展失去工作

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，波士頓動力發佈了一段機器人跳舞的視頻，流暢的動作表現讓很多觀衆不敢相信自己的雙眼。如此自然絲滑，畫面中的機器人簡直像從皮克斯的動畫片中走出來一樣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有人感嘆，這是他們見過的最可愛但也最恐怖的景象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"問題來了，我們需要恐懼越來越先進的 AI 與機器人嗎？AI 會接管整個人類世界嗎？更重要的是，它們會奪去我們的工作、甚至撬走我們的男\/女朋友嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對此，我們決定展開研究並調查了 1200 多位受訪者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們主要關注三大核心議題："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能要以怎樣的形式激發起我們的信任？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們願意將哪些責任委派給人工智能？"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"哪些職業將被機器人與 AI 軟件自動化所取代？"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面來看這場"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.tidio.com\/blog\/ai-trends\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" AI 調查"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的主要發現。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"九大令人震驚的 AI 統計結論"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們的調查顯示，越來越多的人對將 AI 融入日常生活的思路抱有開放態度。他們並不介意由 AI 接管日常任務或參與決策過程。另一方面，AI 的廣泛應用也引發了人們對於相關風險的懷疑與擔憂。以下是與此相關的幾種有趣趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.近 69% 的碩士畢業生認爲 AI 可能在未來幾年內取代他們的工作、或極大降低他們的專業競爭力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"擁有碩士學位的羣體最害怕因爲 AI 的發展而失業，其中約 68.5% 的受訪者擔心被 AI 方案所取代，其餘受訪者當中表示擔心的比例則爲 55%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.收銀員、司機與翻譯被列爲最可能被 AI 技術替代的職業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收銀員（63%）、司機（51%）與翻譯（42%）被列爲最可能被AI技術替代的職業。大約 25% 的受訪者認爲客戶服務代表與庫管員同樣風險高企。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.超過 45% 的受訪者對由 AI 管控經濟持積極態度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"部分人認爲 AI 的介入能夠防止腐敗並改善經濟。約 45% 的受訪者希望 AI 能夠調整國家的財政政策及預算。儘管如此，這方面意見仍呈現出強烈的兩極分化態勢，近 29% 的人極力反對、認爲這是個糟糕的主意。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.超過 60% 的受訪者願意在交通擁堵時使用自動駕駛 AI 出租車。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在運輸及物流方面，受訪者們對於 AI 可謂充滿信心。超過半數受訪者並不介意乘坐自動駕駛出租車（60%）或由AI管理空中交通流量（57%）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.人們對於 AI 將給就業市場造成負面影響的擔憂，達到機器人公平待遇問題的 7 倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 32% 的受訪者所言，機器人權利——類似於人權或動物權利——並不是個太值得關注的問題。他們認爲這也是AI發展領域最不重要的問題之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6.近 78% 的受訪者認爲 AI 可被用於傳播錯誤信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了擔心自己的工作被 AI 奪走（42%）或者被犯罪分子所利用（51%）之外，此次調查的受訪者們還擔心有人濫用 AI 技術來傳播錯誤信息。大約 78% 的受訪者堅信這將成爲最主要的 AI 威脅；相比之下，只有 3% 的受訪者認爲 AI 會在上位之後報復人類。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"7.男性對 AI 的信任比例達到女性的兩倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"男性對 AI 技術的信任度明顯高於女性。在受訪者中，願意讓 AI 機器人處理日常任務或者教育孩子的男性受訪者比例達到女性受訪者的約兩倍。另外，男性似乎也不太關注 AI 技術帶來的潛在威脅。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"8.男性受訪者與機器人\/AI進行交互的意願較女性高 20%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，現有機器人及 AI 成果對男性的吸引力要遠高於女性。我們列出一系列示例並詢問受害者是否願意與其中的機器人開展交互。平均而言，65% 的男性受訪者給出了肯定的答案，而女性受訪者的接納比例則只有 45%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"9.近 42% 的受訪者願意與人形機器人發生親密關係。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"約42%的受訪者願意與機器人發生親密關係，但只有 39% 的受訪者相信自己能夠與 AI 建立起情侶般的感情聯繫。此外，男性與女性受訪者對這個問題的看法具有較大區別。男性更容易接受與機器人親熱（48%）以及建立情感聯繫（43%）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/3a\/b3\/3ab1988d14bbb57f9795ed7ab338d6b3.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能正在奪走工作崗位"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據牛津研究，隨着計算機化的快速普及，美國目前約 47% 的就業崗位處於風險之下。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我的工作會被機器人取代嗎？”這個問題正威脅着越來越多職業領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而這同時也是個種族問題。正如《時代》雜誌的 Alana Semuels 所指出，隨着新冠疫情的突然爆發，不少有色人種與低薪僱員丟掉了工作。她強調，這個羣體主要爲“收銀員、食品服務員、客戶服務代表等受自動化威脅最大的 15 種典型職位。”如今，他們在二次就業方面又遇到了新的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲這些崗位如今很可能被 AI 方案所全面接管。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"約 65% 的受訪者懷疑自己可能在未來幾年內因 AI 普及而失業。近 79% 的受訪者認爲必須高度關注快速自動化這股重大趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"特斯拉公司 CEO 埃隆·馬斯克曾經說過，“失業浪潮一定會到來，因爲未來的機器人確實比人類表現更好。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們詢問了哪些職業最可能被自動化替代。作爲一家爲電子商務領域開發 AI 聊天機器人的企業，我們也意識到自身給就業市場帶來的變化驅動力。從這個角度看，客戶服務代表無疑將是被快速取代的崗位之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/7a\/f2\/7abdyy2bf5747da4cb0dfe6fcd7225f2.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"收銀員、司機和翻譯等高人氣崗位也逐漸走向自動化的道路。自助結賬、自動駕駛卡車與實時翻譯軟件已經融入我們的日常生活。大部分受訪者分別認爲收銀員和司機（63%與51%）是最可能被 AI 技術取代的崗位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，AI 領域的常見用例之一正是客戶服務聊天機器人。它們使用機器學習和自然語言處理（NLP）識別出對話意圖。聊天機器人能夠即時分析消息並快速回答常見問題，企業則樂於使用它們來節約資金並改善客戶體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"警察、醫生和律師則被普遍視爲能在 AI 革命當中"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/sDE1xx9GYjG5ZCVB5iy2","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"倖存下來的職業"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。這些對創造力有着較高要求的職業似乎更不容易受到 AI 技術帶來的顛覆性影響。此外，分別有近 39% 與 36% 的受訪者將藝術家與音樂家列爲最不可能被 AI 取代的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/26\/19\/260bd560b4b2e1ab42133046e7f26619.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然人工智能在法律及醫療保健領域發揮着越來越重要的作用，但 AI 和機器人往往是在專家與客戶\/患者之間扮演着連接性的角色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由 Hanson Robotics 開發的機器人護士 Grace 更像是醫院裏的接待員，而遠遠稱不上真正的護士。無論如何，大多數患者在看到它時都會感到不大舒服，這也是我們接下來要討論的話題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"令人不適的機器人與恐怖谷理論"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"執行復雜操作的機器學習算法極爲抽象，但這也正是當今世界實現 AI 的基本方式。我們使用機器學習與神經網絡，根據大量數據摸索出任務的自動化執行方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但如果我們想給 AI 賦予個性和實體，情況則會變得更爲複雜。人類之間天然易於親近，但對於類人機器卻抱有一種本能的恐懼。從字面意義上來講，我們的大腦會將機器人視爲活生生的人類，而它們的機械特徵則會成爲恐懼的根源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種效應被稱爲"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.mbalib.com\/wiki\/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E8%B0%B7%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"恐怖谷理論"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。我們可以不斷提升人形機器人的仿真水平與交互能力，但在這種能力達到某個臨界點後，實際感受反而會快速下降。我們不再將其視爲人形機器人，而是某種怪異、有缺陷的“人”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/35\/97\/3569ae08eaed59f3d412a3ccbfc32d97.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前最受歡迎的設計是 Cortana 語音助手與機器狗 Spot。可以看到，進一步添加人類特徵反而會降低 AI 方案的吸引力。有趣的是，女性受訪者一般不太願意與任何類型的機器人互動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/01\/dd\/0123669caa96575b107642257e7130dd.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與女性受訪者相比，具有男性特徵的通用機器人對男性受訪者明顯更具吸引力。軟銀開發後款玩具式機器人雖然主打“卡通化”與“高冷”特色，但男性受訪者們仍認爲它要比空山基設計的性感機械更有吸引力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們還要求受訪者們對自己的選擇做出解釋，下圖爲大家在描述機器人時經常使用的詞彙。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/b7\/05\/b727c47cc44e07b71400b83957091805.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，AI 化身與機器人設計同我們的社會現實密切相關。機器人設計師可以使用擬人化的特徵來表達諸如強大、樂於助人或親和等品質，而這一切也是社會上常見的性別刻板印象息息相關。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“虛擬助手與聊天機器人爲什麼總是女性？因爲人類社會認爲女性更擅長扮演這些角色。另外，來自麻省理工學院的救援機器人 Hermes 與波士頓動力的跑酷機器人 Atlas 等實體機器人在體態與動作上則具有鮮明的男性化特徵，這是不是因爲運動和強壯會被人們默認視爲典型的男性元素？”香港科技大學電子與計算機工程學教授帕斯卡爾·馮說道。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你願意讓機器人獨立爲你做手術嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於跟智能機器交互，很多人仍然持懷疑態度。但展望未來，人們還是給機器人保留了很大的發揮空間。事實證明，只要夠便捷、心理問題可以慢慢克服。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下圖爲受訪者們認爲最適合 AI 解決方案的常見用途："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/c3\/a0\/c34104cb2cda01503403dd36e3285ea0.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，我們並不介意 AI 幫我們完成家務或者料理健康及安全事務。但在某些領域，用機器人全面取代人類的想法似乎仍面臨障礙。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先就是幾個世紀前的文學作品就曾經提到的人跟機器談戀愛的故事。十九世紀的歌劇《霍夫曼的故事》與Fritz Lang導演的《大都會》都是塑造女性機器人的代表作品。儘管情趣機器人與女性聊天機器人越來越受歡迎，但社會仍普遍認爲它們屬於拜物行爲的典型代表、不願加以廣泛接納。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能危險嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在調查當中，不乏下圖這種“害怕機器人挖個坑把我埋了”的戲謔態度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/ac\/21\/acd3274c0e8585d8cb234f71af2b7d21.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這當然只是玩笑。對智能機器的恐懼已經成爲經久不衰的笑料，它更多隻是種流行文化符號、而不算什麼實際問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"約有57%的受訪者認爲不需要擔心AI會報復人類。AI不太可能控制人類或者向人類宣戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI帶來的真正危險，可能與技術濫用犯罪或對勞動力市場的衝擊有關。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/65\/db\/65a059a3f14806cf712e9ccebe3e43db.jpg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"約68%的受訪者認爲我們需要擔心AI最終會被富人們全面控制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在某種程度上，AI帶來的真正威脅還體現爲充當施展權力的工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近95%的受訪者認爲AI將幫助大型企業實現業務流程自動化，但認爲AI能讓普通人的生活更便捷的受訪者只有70%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過整理調查結果，一位AI記者給出了總結性論斷："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能是科幻小說中很容易讓人聯想到的一個分支。從外面看，人工智能一點也不性感；技術人員通常認爲它可以輕易地創造、神祕和無法理解。很少有工程師聲稱理解它，但即使是這些人私下也表示很難從人工智能中提取意義。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能的進步是一個常數。只有前瞻性思維是能夠計算的。我們可以成功預測我們過去幾十年的趨勢，但即使是最古怪的語言也已崩潰。從終結者電影到主題公園，人工智能來了，它很可怕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，AI 在短時間內還不會奪走我們的工作。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總結"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們生活在一個充斥着重大技術變革的時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對 AI 的恐懼是完全合理的。不同人羣對於AI技術的接受度也值得深思——接受過良好教育的人羣及女性對AI抱有明顯的恐懼，這意味着技術可能再次成爲加深社會分裂的因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，特斯拉與馬斯克開發的新機器人只能算是宣傳噱頭，可以理解成穿着戲服的小丑。而且，人們並不擔心會有終結者式的AI機器人闖進自己家中並瘋狂破壞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是——"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於相當一部分人羣來說，AI革命可能會改變他們的工作及生活方式。在事情真正失控之前，我們可能需要對就業市場、教育或交通運輸等領域出現的顛覆性變化抱有審慎的態度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"報告原文："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.tidio.com\/blog\/ai-trends\/"}]}]}