Flutter 136: 圖解 CupertinoSegmentedControl 分段控制器

    小菜在之前嘗試過 ToggleButtons 按鈕切換容器組,小菜瞭解到類似的 iOS 風格的 CupertinoSegmentedControl 分段控制器;在日常應用中使用頻率較高,今天小菜簡單學習一下;

CupertinoSegmentedControl

源碼分析

CupertinoSegmentedControl({
    Key key,
    @required this.children,
    @required this.onValueChanged,  // 狀態變更回調
    this.groupValue,            // 當前狀態
    this.unselectedColor,       // 未選中區域顏色
    this.selectedColor,         // 選中區域顏色
    this.borderColor,           // 邊框顏色
    this.pressedColor,          // 點擊時顏色
    this.padding,               // 內邊距
})

    簡單分析源碼可得,整個 CupertinoSegmentedControl 控制器屬性很清晰,使用起來也非常簡單;

const EdgeInsetsGeometry _kHorizontalItemPadding = EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 16.0);

const double _kMinSegmentedControlHeight = 28.0;

const Duration _kFadeDuration = Duration(milliseconds: 165);

    通過常量可以瞭解到控制器設置的默認邊距值,最小高度以及點擊時顏色切換時長;其中通過 ColorTween 動畫方式進行背景色切換;

class _SegmentedControlContainerBoxParentData extends ContainerBoxParentData<RenderBox> {
  RRect surroundingRect;
}

RRect rChildRect;
if (child == leftChild) {
    rChildRect = RRect.fromRectAndCorners(childRect, topLeft: const Radius.circular(3.0), bottomLeft: const Radius.circular(3.0));
} else if (child == rightChild) {
    rChildRect = RRect.fromRectAndCorners(childRect, topRight: const Radius.circular(3.0), bottomRight: const Radius.circular(3.0));
} else {
    rChildRect = RRect.fromRectAndCorners(childRect);
}

    邊框的繪製繼承了 ContainerBoxParentData,需要設置 Widget 的最大最小寬高;通過 RRect 雙層圓角矩形繪製邊框,小菜還學習了之前未嘗試過的 fromRectAndCorners 繪製部分圓角方式;
    其中多個 Widget 之間的點擊切換 GestureDetector 使用也非常值得學習;

案例嘗試

    小菜先實現一個基本的分段控制器,然後逐步加入各個屬性進行了解;

1. children & onValueChanged

    childrenonValueChanged 是兩個必備屬性,分別對應子 Widget 數組和狀態變更回調的監聽;onValueChanged 不可爲空;
    其中 childrenLinkedHashMap 類型,每個 key-value 均不可爲空;且如果 key 相同,後面的 key-value 對會覆蓋之前重複 keykey-value 對;keyT 範型類型,並未限制具體的類型;children 長度需 >=2

var mixMap = {
  '飛機': Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 10.0), child: Icon(Icons.airplanemode_active)),
  '公交': Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 10.0), child: Icon(Icons.directions_bus)),
  '騎行': Padding(padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 10.0), child: Icon(Icons.directions_bike))
};
var _currentIndexStr = '飛機';

_segmentedWid01() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        }));

2. groupValue

    groupValue 對應當前選中的狀態,若不設置該屬性,在控制器切換過程中只可以監聽到回調方法,而不會實際進行變更;

_segmentedWid02() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr));

3. unselectedColor

    unselectedColor 對應未選中切換區域背景色,默認是 CupertinoTheme.primaryContrastingColor

_segmentedWid03() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr,
        unselectedColor: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.2)));

4. selectedColor

    selectedColor 對應選中切換區域背景色,默認是 CupertinoTheme.primaryColor

_segmentedWid04() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr,
        unselectedColor: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.2),
        selectedColor: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4)));

5. borderColor

    borderColor 對應邊框色,默認是 CupertinoTheme.primaryColor

_segmentedWid05() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr,
        unselectedColor: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.2),
        selectedColor: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),
        borderColor: Colors.deepPurple));

6. pressedColor

    pressedColor 對點擊選中時背景色,默認是 selectedColor 顏色加 20% 透明度;

_segmentedWid06() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr,
        unselectedColor: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.2),
        selectedColor: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),
        borderColor: Colors.deepPurple,
        pressedColor: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4)));

7. padding

    padding 對應 CupertinoSegmentedControl 內邊距,注意該 padding 是整個控制器的內邊距,而非子 Widget 的內邊距,默認是居於水平方向,左右 16 距離;

_segmentedWid07() => Container(
    child: CupertinoSegmentedControl(
        children: mixMap,
        onValueChanged: (index) {
          print('index -> $index');
          setState(() => _currentIndexStr = index);
        },
        groupValue: _currentIndexStr,
        unselectedColor: Colors.black.withOpacity(0.2),
        selectedColor: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),
        borderColor: Colors.deepPurple,
        pressedColor: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4),
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(30.0)));

    CupertinoSegmentedControl 案例源碼


    CupertinoSegmentedControliOS 設備上支持點擊和滑動切換,但小菜嘗試在 Android 端主要是點擊切換;小菜對於源碼的閱讀還很淺薄,如有錯誤,請多多指導!

來源: 阿策小和尚

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