Malagu：平臺無關的開源Serverless First應用開發框架

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是 Malagu"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/cellbang\/malagu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu"}]},{"type":"text","text":" "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"是基於 TypeScript 的 Serverless First、組件化、平臺無關的漸進式應用框架，也是首款 Serverless First 應用開發框架。"},{"type":"text","text":" 使用同一套編程語言和 IoC 設計，用於開發前端、後端和前後端一體化應用。並且結合了 OOP（面向對象編程）、AOP（面向切面編程）等元素，借鑑了很多 Spring Boot 設計思想。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在後端，Malagu 抽象一套接口，方便適配任意的平臺和基礎框架，是一個平臺或基礎框架無關的上層框架。平臺如阿里雲函數計算、騰訊云云函數、AWS Lambda、Vercel 等，基礎框架如 Express、Koa、Fastify 等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Serverless 場景，Malagu 是以應用爲單位開發項目，一個應用一般包含多個 API 接口。如果我們的應用很大，我們應該將大應用拆解成一個個小的微應用或者微服務。就像微服務架構的粒度拆分原則一樣，合理的粒度拆分，對我們的應用管理是有很多好處的。框架會保證一個應用在一個函數中的運行性能。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源項目與社區發展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截至 2021 年 9 月，Malagu 經歷了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三年"},{"type":"text","text":"的打磨和真實項目實踐，陸續發佈了 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"128"},{"type":"text","text":" 個版本。目前 Malagu 核心部分已經穩定，擁有 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"10"},{"type":"text","text":" 位左右的核心共建成員。在微信小程序、釘釘小程序、uniapp、門戶網站、內容管理平臺、雲文檔平臺等場景都有真實項目成功落地。我們自己每天都在用 Malagu 開發真實業務項目。​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在社區發展過程中，被越來越多的開發者和雲廠商的認可，陸續有 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"29"},{"type":"text","text":" 位開發者加入到我們的社區共建團隊。在早期，阿里雲 CRO 團隊就採用了 Malagu 實現了內部的 CMS 平臺，併成功上線了幾十個 CMS 系統。後面主要有以下實際應用："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被阿里雲開發者平臺集成爲多個場景解決方案；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被阿里雲函數計算的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/github.com\/devsapp\/start-malagu","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless Devs"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 工具集成；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被騰雲扣釘 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloudstudio.net\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cloud Studio"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 內置到預置環境；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"被騰訊雲 Serverless 團隊認可，併成爲騰訊雲函數首個合作的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/document\/product\/583\/61392","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三方開發框架"}]},{"type":"text","text":"；"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們的願景是做世界上最好用的 Serverless First 開發框架，我們也期待有更多的社區開發者參與進來。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 架構圖"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/15\/4d\/1556274ac0bcd4dfdaae97b08f5c094d.svg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼需要 Malagu"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"堅信 Serverless 是未來"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 是雲計算新一代計算引擎，爲取代傳統雲服務器架構而生。Serverless 核心理念是讓開發者不用關心服務器的存在，專注於業務代碼。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 現狀如何"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，所有云廠商和社區都在大力推廣和佈道 Serverless 理念，通過 Serverless 可以低成本高質量快速落地商業方案。目前，大家普遍認爲 Serverless = FaaS + BaaS，未來也可能是其他的形態，不管形態如何變化，Serverless 的核心理念是不變的。所有 Serverless 的開發體驗關鍵在 FaaS 的開發體驗，而 FaaS 目前開發體驗不是很理想，存在着很多的痛點。部分痛點短時間內在 FaaS 底層上可能難解決，部分痛點可能在工具、框架層面去解決更合理。比如冷啓動、CICD、微服務、數據庫訪問、本地開發調試運行、平臺不鎖定等。未來，會有越來越多的 Serverless First 的開發框架框架出現，而不僅僅是資源編排運維工具，結合 Serverless First 開發框架提供更高級的 Serverless 開發平臺或者低代碼平臺。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何解決這些痛點"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們可以換一個思路，從開發框架層面嘗試解決這些問題（事實證明，可以通過開發框架來解決這些問題）。那麼，我們面臨新的抉擇是採用傳統框架，還是需要一個全新的框架？如果選擇做一個新框架，那麼，我們是選擇特定編程語言，還是通用編程語言？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼需要一個全新的框架"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"​"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"傳統框架在開發體驗上，大家肯定是接受的，畢竟已經使用了這麼多年。但是傳統框架開發的應用在遷移到 Serverless 環境時，往往會遇到各種各樣難以解決的問題，這些問題往往是與框架底層設計密切相關。雖然我們可以通過框架擴展能力去解決或者緩解部分問題，實踐下來的結果是框架改造門檻很高、效果不太理想、需要 Hack，不夠優雅。當您在 Serverless 採用傳統框架時，您往往會感覺雖然應用可以跑起來，但是真正應用到生產級別您會有顧慮。當然，隨着 Serverless 平臺底層技術的不斷髮展，傳統框架在 Severless 場景上的處境也會有極大的改善。要想達到最佳狀態，單方面的改變是不夠的，需要框架也能合理去適配 Serverless 場景。就像前端 UI 框架需要 Mobile First，瀏覽器提供響應式支持，前端 UI 框架提供相關的適配。所有我們需要一個全新的、Serverless Fisrt 的開發框架。只有這樣才能極大發揮 Serverless 優勢，並讓 Serverless 開發體驗繼承甚至超越傳統開發體驗。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼選擇特定編程語言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，開源社區也存在不少語言無關的 Serverless 工具或框架，比如 Funcraft、Serverless Framework、Vercel 等等。這類通用語言型 Serverless 工具在運維層面確實可以做到不錯的體驗，也可以形成通用的標準。但是，在應用代碼開發、調試、運行等開發體驗上不那麼理想。每種編程語言在開發、調試和運行等方面都有自己獨特的地方，通用語言型 Serverless 工具很難做到統一的同時開發體驗還能做到很好。只有選擇特定的編程語言，才能讓開發、調試和運行等方面的體驗達到極致。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼選擇 Typescript"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 讓後端開發門檻變得極低，前端開發者基於 Serverless 開發後端應用的學習成本也極低。未來越來越多的前端開發者成爲全棧開發者。Typescript 既可以開發前端，又可以開發後端，對於前端或者全棧的開發者來說十分友好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前端架構其實就是一種類 Serverless 架構，比如前端瀏覽器需要加載前端代碼來執行，而 Serverless 場景也需要加載用戶的代碼來執行。因此，前端的很多解決方案天然適合 Serverless 場景，比如前端通過打包、壓縮、Tree Shaking 來減少代碼體積，減少代碼部署和冷啓動時間。同樣，該優化方案也適用與 Serverless 場景，所以選擇 Typescript，則相當於直接擁有了經過無數真實場景打磨的現成解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，Typescript 和 Java 很接近，Java 開發者也能很方便切換到 Typescript 技術棧。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 帶來的價值"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是基於 TypeScript 的 Serverless First、可擴展和組件化的漸進式應用開發框架。Malagu 屏蔽掉不同 Serverless 平臺底層細節和 Serverless 場景存在的大部分痛點。Malagu 基於真實業務場景打磨，提供生產級別可用的解決方案。提供多雲解決方案，雲廠商不鎖定。​"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何使用 Malagu"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 框架是由一系列組件組成，每一個組件其實就是一個 node 模塊，根據您的業務場景選擇合適的組件，您也可以基於組件機制開發屬於自己的組件。爲了快速開發，Malagu 提供了一個命令行工具，命令行工具內置不同場景的開箱即用的模板，通過命令行工具可以快速創建您的應用。首先，我們需要安裝相關命令行工具："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"bash"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"$ npm install -g @malagu\/cli # 安裝 Malagu 命令行工具\n$ malagu init project-name # 使用命令行工具 malagu init 命令，選擇一個模板，初始化一個模板應用\n$ cd project-name # 進入到應用的根目錄\n$ malagu serve # 啓動應用，默認端口爲 3000\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"打開瀏覽器並導航到 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/localhost:3000\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"http:\/\/localhost:3000\/"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 與傳統框架、Serverless Framework（sls） 比較"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與傳統開發框架比較"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是一個全棧應用開發框架，如果只看後端部分，Malagu 與 Spring Boot 是同一層次的東西，如果只看前端部分，Malagu 是 React、Vue 等前端框架之上的更上層的抽象，所以 Malagu 是前端框架無關的。Malagu 與傳統框架比較，Malagu 提供了前後端漸進式一體化方案，在前後端之上做了一層抽象，讓前後端在開發、測試、部署擁有一致的體驗。傳統框架一般不考慮應用部署環節，Malagu 藉助 Serverless 技術優勢，讓部署環節變得流暢且低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，Malagu 也是一個 Serverless 優先的框架，屏蔽了 Serverless 底層的細節，開箱即用。針對 Serverless 場景做了很多優化，如冷啓動、數據庫操作等等；同時，也提供了很多開箱即用的能力，比如安全、認證與授權、OAuth2.0、OIDC、數據庫操作、緩存、前端框架集成、依賴注入、AOP、微服務等等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與 Serverless Framework（sls） 比較"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 重點還是在開發框架上。Malagu 與 sls 唯一有重疊的地方是 Malagu 基於自身的組件機制實現了一套平臺無關的部署組件，該部署組件，目前只服務與 Malagu 自身，爲 Malagu 提供極致的部署體驗，零配置，一鍵部署。當然 Malagu 也可以很方便地使用 sls 部署。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sls 偏運維工具，側重於對 Serverless 相關資源的編排。sls 提供 component 機制，方便不同的開發框架去集成 sls。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"加入我們"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Malagu 是 MIT 許可的開源項目。需要優秀人士的支持使它不斷髮展。如果您想加入我們，請聯繫我們，我們的郵箱是 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"[email protected]"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"【編者按】"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如果你有開源故事或對開源的深刻觀點想要分享、或開源項目想要尋求報道，歡迎聯繫微信caifangfang842852（請註明姓名和來由）。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}