數據庫內核雜談(二十)番外 - 管理者如何保持技術敏感

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"歡迎閱讀新一期的數據庫內核雜談。這期是一期番外篇，主題和數據庫無關，源自我最近的一次技術分享：成爲技術管理者後，如何保持技術敏感。我把分享的文稿整理成了這篇博文。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲技術管理者，爲什麼還需要保持技術敏感？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在討論如何做之前，我們應該先討論一下爲什麼。成爲技術管理者(engineering manager)後，在很多公司，包括Facebook，首要職責不再是技術輸出，而是如何帶領團隊去做事(deliver)，如何提高團隊凝聚力，如何做好團隊成員管理（讓成員feel happy, feel motivated，幫助她\/他們成長）。技術管理者的OKR或者KPI肯定不是參與系統設計，或者是開發代碼，甚至不是code review。相反，在績效考評的時候，大家可能會質疑作爲管理者，爲什麼還在做IC做的事，你是否把時間都花在了刀刃上。誠然，有些公司還是保留了TLM(tech-lead manager)的職位，但是TLM的第一職責依然是團隊管理。我覺得TLM是比較矛盾的職位，一方面，TLM需要貢獻相應的技術輸出，但同時，應該引導團隊成員成長和貢獻。有點，既當裁判員，又當運動員的意思。我自己不成熟的總結是技術管理者應該時刻去關注這三個關鍵：團隊成員(team)，願景和方向(direction)，有效機制(process)：團隊是否在做正確的事；是否有有效機制來協助團隊做事；團隊成員是否合理和高效，成員是不是有效激勵且有歸屬感，是否在成長。做好這些事，似乎並不需要技術上保持敏感？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我認爲，保持技術敏感，絕不是要讓管理者繼續深入參與系統設計，參與寫代碼。更不應該是，以技術服人（國內的一些技術公司是希望管理者可以以技術服人，比如，會晉升原先技術最強的人來做管理者。這個，和北美很多技術公司是相反的策略）。你希望團隊可以不斷招到技術更牛的人，而不是讓管理者成爲整個團隊的技術瓶頸。那保持技術敏感，有哪些好處呢？ 我認爲有下面這些好處。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1）更高效地管理團隊：技術敏感的管理者在和團隊溝通（特別是和senior engineers或者TL時），理解系統架構甚至技術細節時會更高效。雖然管理者不需要參與代碼開發，但是，依然需要了解團隊如何開發系統來支持業務，技術路線是什麼。你在向上彙報的時候，也會需要這些信息。而獲取這些信息，主要是通過溝通來完成的。比較深厚的技術積累和技術敏感，可以讓管理者在和組裏TL溝通更高效。畢竟，作爲管理者，我們不希望TL在和你交流的時候，覺得“對牛彈琴”，想着這個manager怎麼啥都不懂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2）更好地影響團隊技術路線和direction。規劃正確的技術路線對於團隊成功至關重要。我覺得，這個重任不能只落在TL的肩上。因爲，管理者最終應該對團隊是否能夠deliver負責，如果技術路線規劃錯誤，導致團隊不能deliver，最終責任在管理者。技術敏感的管理者就可以更好地參與規劃。我不鼓勵，管理者直接制定技術路線，但應該去評審，和影響最終決定。對於管理者對於技術路線的影響，一個腦洞比較大的類比就是比特幣區塊的驗證，管理者可能並不是power最強的節點來計算出新區塊的hash，但應該具備驗證這個hash正確性的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3）英雄惜英雄 - 更容易吸引技術能力強的候選人加入團隊。技術牛人是容易抱團的，畢竟大家都希望能夠更高效地合作來做事。這點，我自己深有體會。因爲我現在還積極參與系統設計面試，如果遇到優秀的候選人，作爲面試官，你是可以近水樓臺先得月來拋出橄欖枝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4）作爲發展最迅猛的IT領域，我認爲，必須不斷去學習，來跟上整個行業的發展。技術敏感和積累深厚的管理者可以在學習上事半功倍，效率更高。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"難點和挑戰"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲管理者，保持技術敏感的難點和挑戰在哪？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1）首先還是，保持技術敏感不是管理者的KPI，你不會把重心放在上面（你也不應該）。團隊成員和團隊是否在deliver纔是關注的重點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2）時間不夠用。管理者的大部分工作是通過開會來完成的：向上溝通，向下溝通和XFN溝通。你很難有大塊的時間來閱讀技術文檔和代碼去深入理解系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3）拳會離手，曲會離口。管理者不應該直接參與系統設計，這是團隊成員應該去做的事。原先積累的經驗和技能會慢慢生疏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4）如果是以管理者加入一家新公司或者新團隊，一切都是從零開始。如果你是從原本的團隊成長起來成爲管理者，大概率你對整個系統，業務是比較熟悉的。對於後續的演進，也更容易更近。但對於新團隊或者新公司，一切都重新清零。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"保持技術敏感的建議"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"說完了重要性和難點，終於進入正題，可以開始聊具體的建議了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 1：心態平和地去接受現實。"},{"type":"text","text":"就像上文描述的，管理者的KPI不是代碼實現，不是系統設計。管理者也應該理解上述的難點。所以，一定要心態平和地去接受。你不會像在IC時那樣，對代碼和系統如數家珍。我自己在剛作爲管理者時，就犯過一個錯誤：我一直要求自己能夠繼續review大部分的團隊成員代碼來保證我對系統的理解。每個人的時間是有限的，這就導致我在其他方面做得不好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 2：在成爲管理者之前，打好基礎和內功。"},{"type":"text","text":"在還是IC的時候，你的主要職責就是代碼開發和系統設計。一定要在這個階段打好基礎，做到厚積薄發。IT已經發展到很難做到在各個細分領域都精進，但我們依然提倡T型人才：在自己的領域可以非常深挖，同時，對於其他領域和業務，需要有所涉獵並快速理解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 3：抓重點，從關鍵指標來了解系統。"},{"type":"text","text":"作爲管理者，你依然需要非常清楚地知道團隊構建的系統是用來做什麼的：用來支持什麼業務，有哪些關鍵指標， 哪些關鍵技術細節，如QPS是多少？是否需要強一致性？是否是誇區域部署，技術棧，等等。我覺得管理者可以從黑盒角度來認知系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 4：參與系統設計面試。"},{"type":"text","text":"這是我最喜歡的tip，自己也是堅持貫徹執行。參與系統設計面試對於面試官的技術深度非常有考驗。大家可能覺得，系統設計的題目是固定的，作爲面試官可以提前準備，會從各個角度去參考，好，中，差的設計決定。誠然，比起候選人，面試官是有先發優勢的。但在面試的過程中，你永遠不知道候選人會提出什麼樣，天馬行空的設計思路，或者問題。這就需要面試官在短時間內針對提出的設計思路和問題來做判斷，這非常考驗面試官的技術積累。你不希望被候選人套路，同時也不希望給候選人留下“這個面試官好像不太行”的印象。另一個好處就是，你真的可以從有經驗，技術背景很強的候選人中學到很多，受益匪淺。最後就是上文提到的，作爲面試官，如果你能在面試中也表現出深厚的技術積累，做到讓候選人英雄惜英雄。是更容易吸引候選人加入的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 5：參與事故覆盤會議。"},{"type":"text","text":"通常覆盤會議是用來討論嚴重的用戶事故的（比如，歐洲用戶無法登錄WhatsApp或者發送消息）。覆盤會議會討論事故細節，如事故影響，是怎麼被發現的，怎麼被修復的，更重要的是，怎麼能夠避免類似事故再次發生。參與覆盤會議，類似於從關鍵維度來了解系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Tip 6：持續學習。"},{"type":"text","text":"套用現在時髦的話來說，終生學習。我們很幸運，處在IT領域，有幸參與了軟件行業改變世界。同時，我們也不那麼“幸運”，因爲行業發展太快，需要不斷去學習新知識，新趨勢，區塊鏈，人工智能，IOT。不然，很快就被淘汰了。平時的工作總是有侷限性，不能覆蓋廣度。不過好在，現在有很多其他的途徑可以學習。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一是通過follow各類tech blogs。"},{"type":"text","text":"我曾在知識星球上分享過自己follow 的tech news和blog。貼在這裏，和大家一起討論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/6b\/93\/6b449a637714d8225c42d6c2f44b1393.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Airbnb Eng Blog: Airbnb還是蠻注重開源的，經常有不錯的項目分享。另外，如果想去面試，也推薦看看。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"All Things Distributed: 是Amazon CTO Werner Vogels的博客"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cockroach Labs: 另一家目標做成開源Google Spanner的數據庫公司（對標咱們國內PingCAP的TiDB）。經常分享數據庫開發相關的blog。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Distributed Systems NewsLetter: 某個熱心人維護的distributed systems的新聞，有paper, 業界新聞和Video talks。不過，5個月前停更了，因爲太忙了。。。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Dropbox Tech Blog: Dropbox公司的tech blog。同1）"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"English(US)：是Twitter公司的tech blog。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gates Notes: 這個不算技術博客啦。聽聽Gates大佬的分享，特別有大局觀。更重要的是，他會定期推薦他閱讀的書籍，非常推薦這個。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google AI Blog: 雖然不是AI這一領域的，還是應該關注一下業界最新進展。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/24\/ec\/24d004f807yy67090a49318410yy8dec.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hacker News：HN就不用多介紹了吧。必須訂閱；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"High Scalability: 不需要特別介紹了吧。會定期蒐集最新的業界新聞，大佬tweet, Talk和blog。號稱面試必看。。。（講真，作爲一個資深面試官，我希望大家是真的喫透，而不是就看幾篇blog，會幾個buzz word就大談高可用，高擴展，所以光看blog是搞不定面試的）但是感覺現在質量和頻率有下降；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"LinkedIn Eng Blog：LinkedIn也是比較注重開源和分享的；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Luc Perkin的個人博客：得知他是從一本書，Seven Databases in Seven Weeks: A guide to modern databases and the NoSQL movement。老哥的更新比較慢，書還是很推薦的： "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/7dbs.io\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/7dbs.io"}]},{"type":"text","text":"\/；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Martin Fowler老爺子的博客：老爺子也不用多介紹了吧，OODesign，UML Modeling。老爺子的博客會分享些架構啥的，而且還會分享自己拍的照片，挺逗的；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Martin Kleppmann的個人博客：得知他也是從一本書，強烈推薦他的Designing Data-Intensive Applications（這本書是強烈推薦!)；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Netflix TechBlog: Netflix也是非常注重開源和微服務，有很多不錯的技術分享；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Reddit Programming：Reddit Programming板塊，內容上可能和HN有些重複。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/c2\/2e\/c2c31a0c72f172fcdcdaf500fa0e892e.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Slashdot: news for nerds；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pinterest Eng Blog：Pinterest engineering blog；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TechCrunch: 主要是創業公司相關新聞；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The morning paper（"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blog.acolyer.org\/%EF%BC%89:","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blog.acolyer.org\/）:"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 一個叫Adrian Coyler的維護的專門介紹計算機research paper的網站。這個真的是我自己壓箱底的。Adrain的分享非常深入淺出，讀他的blog對整篇paper就能有個大概瞭解。前陣子停更了，Adrain說家裏有親人患上了新冠病毒(Adrain在英國應該)，好在一切都慢慢恢復了；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Uber Engineering Blog: Uber還是很注重開源的，經常分享有意思的項目；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Solidot：Slashdot的中文版；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"愛範兒：主要了解國內資訊。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"拋磚引玉，如果大家有好的資訊頻道，請留言分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二是閱讀技術類書籍。"},{"type":"text","text":"這邊就不具體推薦某些書籍了，分享一個如何獲知最新書籍的方式。HackNews上會有人不定期寫book review的帖子，介紹最新技術書籍的。可以幫助你大致瞭解書籍並決定是否需要深入閱讀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"最後一類途徑就是知識付費，"},{"type":"text","text":"推薦極客時間。我自己是極客時間的早期和忠實用戶。買了蠻多課程，都會去學，即使不是自己領域的。非常感謝所有老師的分享，真的幫助我高效地瞭解了很多領域。極客時間的編輯也聯繫過我希望可以參與課程。但我自從自己寫博客後，才體會到每個月憋一個3000字左右的博客，憋得死去活來的心情。所以真心佩服每個老師的堅持，幾乎是每週兩到三篇的速度更新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上，就是我自己粗淺的對於管理者如何保持技術敏感的建議，感謝閱讀。"}]}]}