歐拉和鴻蒙打通後,華爲如何界定二者邊界?

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"9月25日,在Huawei Connect 2021華爲全聯接大會第三日主題演講中,華爲計算產品線總裁鄧泰華宣佈華爲開源操作系統歐拉(openEuler)全新"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/G0jTHBV3ipirfQU8xZY3","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"發佈"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。全新升級的歐拉提出全棧原子化解耦,支持版本靈活構建、服務自由組合,通過一套架構靈活支持南向多樣性設備、北向全場景應用,可廣泛部署於服務器、雲計算、邊緣計算、嵌入式等各種形態設備。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/8e\/8e27e50d2a25a89d9f44bea28499da80.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外,歐拉和鴻蒙已經實現了內核技術共享,未來計劃在歐拉構築分佈式軟總線能力,讓搭載歐拉操作系統的設備可以自動識別和連接鴻蒙終端。後續將進一步在安全OS、設備驅動框架以及新編程語言等方面實現共享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"首個支持數字基礎設施全場景的openEuler 21.09創新版本將於9月30日在社區上線,社區LTS版本則將在2022年一季度發佈。該版本不僅對服務器和雲計算場景能力進行了增強,還實現了對邊緣計算和嵌入式場景的支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"隨後,鄧泰華接受了InfoQ等媒體的採訪,對新歐拉的整體構思、歐拉與鴻蒙之間的關係以及未來長期規劃做了更進一步的解讀。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新歐拉的整體構思"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鄧泰華表示,當前不同的領域各自有不同的操作系統,這是因爲過去幾十年來,不同領域有不同的發展階段,就在不同的時期形成了與之相應的操作系統生態。比如最開始是PC時代,就形成了以Windows爲代表的的面向PC的操作系統生態;後來隨着智能手機時代的到來,又發展出了iOS、安卓等面向智能手機的操作系統生態;隨着雲計算髮展起來,雲廠商又形成了面向雲的操作系統;服務器有基於服務器的操作系統生態,通信有自己的嵌入式操作系統,物聯網也有物聯網的操作系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"操作系統“碎片化”現狀就導致數字基礎設施產生大量“軟煙囪”,帶來生態割裂、應用重複開發、協同繁瑣的挑戰。怎麼解決這個挑戰?這就促使華爲進行更多的思考。華爲希望構建一個新的生態,推出更有競爭力的產品,不能簡單地模仿或跟隨當前某個領域領先的產品,而是要做出創新。而且這個創新應該是面向未來的技術發展趨勢和未來的場景化需求和客戶需求。鄧泰華認爲,未來數字經濟發展的一個必然方向就是讓數字世界變成平的,需要端邊雲協同,雲管邊端都要打通,趨勢是一次應用開發、在不同場景下都能夠部署,同樣的操作系統要在不同的硬件形態上都能夠適配,這是一個非常明確的未來發展的方向和客戶需求。正是爲了解決這一面向未來的需求,華爲推出了歐拉全新版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/48\/4828ddf582a78c0af1ceff045588ea38.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙之所以叫萬物互聯的智能終端操作系統,就是不管智能手機還是穿戴設備還是物聯網設備,只要是終端產品,都可以搭載鴻蒙。基於鴻蒙,應用可以一次開發、適配多樣性終端。鴻蒙是面向端側的、歐拉是面向數字基礎設施,是同樣的道理。數字基礎設施不管是服務器還是雲的場景,還是通信和CT、OT的嵌入式設備,或者是邊緣計算設備,都可以通過一套歐拉操作系統完成適配。從這個定位和整體理念來說,鴻蒙和歐拉是一致的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲歐拉和鴻蒙是基於同樣的設計理念、同樣的定位,所以就有條件把這兩個系統進一步打通。鄧泰華透露,歐拉和鴻蒙操作系統的內核開發都是由華爲2012實驗室的中央軟件院團隊負責,因此這兩套操作系統的內核已經實現了打通。接下來計劃將鴻蒙非常有競爭力的分佈式軟總線能力移植到歐拉上,目前正在做相應的開發工作。這樣一來,未來搭載歐拉操作系統的設備就可以自動識別和連接搭載鴻蒙的終端,真正做到把端邊雲打通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外,華爲未來在內核技術,包括統一的編程語言也有更進一步的規劃。鄧泰華告訴InfoQ,除了這次大會上發佈的畢昇C++編程語言,明年華爲還計劃發佈倉頡應用編程語言。而鴻蒙和歐拉會基於同樣的編程語言開發,這樣未來的應用就能夠更好地實現應用的遷移和生態互通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"通過能力共享和生態打通,歐拉+鴻蒙就可以成爲面向未來大家都需要的統一的操作系統,也是面向未來整個數字經濟發展端邊雲管全場景所需要的操作系統。華爲現在就正基於這個定位構建下一代數字全場景操作系統及對應的新生態,不是簡單地替換現有的一個個“軟煙囪”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"歐拉與鴻蒙之間的關係"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正如鄧泰華所說,華爲正在着手將歐拉與鴻蒙打通,構建一個統一的數字全場景操作系統,但很多人還是難免對二者關係的未來走向產生疑問。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在昨天的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/OLbNUYS03Y2I1BqyHy9j","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"媒體採訪"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"中,華爲輪值董事長徐直軍明確了歐拉與鴻蒙的不同定位,其中鴻蒙操作系統的應用場景是智能終端、物聯網終端和工業終端;而歐拉操作系統則面向服務器、邊緣計算、雲和嵌入式設備。但實際上,在InfoQ記者看來,鴻蒙所面向的物聯網終端、工業終端,與歐拉所面向的嵌入式設備,兩者之間的邊界並沒有那麼清晰。在前不久的9月14日,華爲纔剛宣佈推出鴻蒙礦山操作系統,這是鴻蒙在C端之後進一步向B端拓展,第一次進入工業領域實現商用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未來鴻蒙和歐拉之間如何分工?華爲怎麼界定二者的邊界?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對這一問題,鄧泰華表示,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"鴻蒙跟歐拉這兩個操作系統是相互互補的"},{"type":"text","text":",加在一起可以覆蓋數字全場景。基於前面徐直軍提到的二者的不同定位,面向ICT的設備都是歐拉覆蓋的場景,而面向消費者終端或者各種行業終端、物聯網終端類的都是鴻蒙覆蓋的場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“在工業場景,就是OT場景,原則上也是按照這樣的分工,就是面向設備類由歐拉來覆蓋,面向端側,比如各種工業場景的物聯網終端則由鴻蒙來覆蓋。可能"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在一部分邊緣場景,邊緣設備到底是屬於端側還是屬於邊緣設備,存在一定的模糊地帶,所以兩種操作系統存在一定的交疊。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這種時候就根據不同的應用場景來進行選擇,比如對可靠性要求更高、更符合網絡設備要求的,那我們就用歐拉系統;如果需要更靈活地適配終端、對多樣性要求更高,那就用鴻蒙。”鄧泰華進一步補充說道,這也是爲什麼歐拉和鴻蒙進一步打通會更有價值,二者既有各自獨立的定位,又有一定的交叉地帶,就更加需要這兩個生態協同對接。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/99\/9954fc26c7e1984f7c861157ea4bdc78.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過,既然歐拉和鴻蒙在面向的設備上可能會存在一部分重疊地帶,那未來兩個系統在不斷拓展應用場景的過程中會不會很容打架?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對此鄧泰華表示,操作系統本身在不同場景中都存在多種選擇,不管是智能手機操作系統還是服務器操作系統,都是如此。對於手機操作系統來說,用戶可以做選擇,上層的應用也可以做選擇。而對於服務器操作系統,上層的應用軟件可以選擇集成的操作系統廠家,用戶單位也可以針對操作系統來單獨招標。從這一點來說,對於工業場景,如果說存在一定的重疊地帶,那也有一個用戶可選擇的過程。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"鄧泰華認爲這本身並不存在衝突,華爲希望給用戶提供多種選擇,如果一個場景只有唯一的選擇,那反而不一定是最理想的方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但華爲也希望客戶的多個選擇之間能夠實現一定程度的共享,而不是多個選擇相互互斥。鄧泰華解釋道,如果不同的選擇是完全不同的兩個體系,那就會存在問題,即客戶選擇了基於一個操作系統開發上層應用,當客戶要切換到另一個操作系統的時候,上層的應用要全部開發一遍,這不管是對用戶還是生態軟件企業來說,都存在工作量的浪費。華爲之所以希望把歐拉和鴻蒙的底層進一步打通,就是希望不同操作系統的商用產品或者商用發行版,相互之間既有差異化的部分,又有共性、可共享的部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我們希望通過構建統一的開源社區來構建公開可共享的基礎能力,包括歐拉開源社區在內。但是不同的企業加入開源社區後,他們又可以基於開源版本推出各自的商用發行版提供給客戶。商用發行版在基礎能力之上,可以再增加差異化的部分,發揮他們各自的優勢,比如在場景化適配、可靠性或更多的增值功能等各個方面。我們鼓勵大家差異化,這樣最終場景和客戶就能夠有多個選擇,但是這多個選擇之間又能夠實現最有效的基礎能力共享。這就是我們希望的一種模式,應該也是用戶所希望的一種模式。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"   "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這也意味着,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未來openEuler和"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/theme\/113","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"(HarmonyOS開源版本)生態會更多地融合。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"不過鄧泰華表示,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"這需要一個過程,"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因爲生態要融合也取決於在平臺部分能夠實現的共享程度,還需要做很多技術創新。他進一步說明稱,當前業界存在這麼多“軟煙囪”都是某些國家或頭部企業主導的,但是他們也沒有打通。這是由於不同的“軟煙囪”由不同的企業主導,每個企業都有自己的利益,對企業來說,存量是優勢,但這也可能成爲創新的包袱,因爲革自己的命總是很困難的,如果要推出面向數字全場景的、更有競爭力的統一操作系統,可能就把存量優勢全部丟掉了,這也是現在一直都沒有出現這樣一個統一操作系統、統一生態的原因。但是在鄧泰華看來,融合這個方向是確定的,只是還需要技術創新,要一步步來實現。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未來規劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於歐拉操作系統接下來的工作重點以及長期規劃,鄧泰華也進一步作了介紹。從產品角度來說,歐拉最新定位是面向數字基礎設施全場景,後續華爲會陸續發佈基於開源社區的創新版本和LTS版本,使能合作伙伴推出面向數字基礎設施全場景的各個商業發行版。這個方向需要通過社區共建的方式來推進,華爲會持續加大投入,希望與合作伙伴一起,基於開源社區不斷推出能力增強的版本,使能合作伙伴面向不同場景開發商業發行版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從市場應用的角度,目前基於openEuler推出的商業發行版,這其中既包括面向服務器的商業發行版,也包括基於openEuler的雲操作系統,都已經進入到市場規模應用階段。對華爲來說,市場拉動是催熟產品最好的一種方式,也是發展生態最好的一種方式,如果一個產品做出來,沒有一個大的市場應用,那也很難去檢驗產品競爭力和完善產品競爭力。鄧泰華表示,隨着中國數字化進程加速,市場在快速發展,現在整個市場應用加速非常明顯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“以服務器操作系統場景爲例,目前國內合作伙伴基於openEuler的商業發行版已經銷售超過30萬套,在未來3-6個月有希望實現超過100萬套銷售。中國的服務器一年臺套數是350萬套,基於openEuler的商業發行版達到了100萬套的銷售,就相當於做到了30%的市場份額,這一個技術路線達到30%的市場份額,那就已經成爲了新增市場份額第一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"做到增量市場份額第一之後,隨着逐步地存量替代,未來再一步步成爲存量市場份額第一,這樣就能夠把整個面向服務器操作系統場景的產品催熟了。接下來包括雲、邊緣、工業控制也是同樣的,通過把產品競爭力做出來,然後市場快速上量,來共同完善一個生態。這兩個方面也是未來歐拉整個生態包括社區構建、市場推廣、生態發展要聚焦的重點。”"}]}]}
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