欧拉和鸿蒙打通后，华为如何界定二者边界？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"9月25日，在Huawei Connect 2021华为全联接大会第三日主题演讲中，华为计算产品线总裁邓泰华宣布华为开源操作系统欧拉（openEuler）全新"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/G0jTHBV3ipirfQU8xZY3","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"发布"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。全新升级的欧拉提出全栈原子化解耦，支持版本灵活构建、服务自由组合，通过一套架构灵活支持南向多样性设备、北向全场景应用，可广泛部署于服务器、云计算、边缘计算、嵌入式等各种形态设备。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/8e\/8e27e50d2a25a89d9f44bea28499da80.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，欧拉和鸿蒙已经实现了内核技术共享，未来计划在欧拉构筑分布式软总线能力，让搭载欧拉操作系统的设备可以自动识别和连接鸿蒙终端。后续将进一步在安全OS、设备驱动框架以及新编程语言等方面实现共享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"首个支持数字基础设施全场景的openEuler 21.09创新版本将于9月30日在社区上线，社区LTS版本则将在2022年一季度发布。该版本不仅对服务器和云计算场景能力进行了增强，还实现了对边缘计算和嵌入式场景的支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"随后，邓泰华接受了InfoQ等媒体的采访，对新欧拉的整体构思、欧拉与鸿蒙之间的关系以及未来长期规划做了更进一步的解读。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新欧拉的整体构思"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邓泰华表示，当前不同的领域各自有不同的操作系统，这是因为过去几十年来，不同领域有不同的发展阶段，就在不同的时期形成了与之相应的操作系统生态。比如最开始是PC时代，就形成了以Windows为代表的的面向PC的操作系统生态；后来随着智能手机时代的到来，又发展出了iOS、安卓等面向智能手机的操作系统生态；随着云计算发展起来，云厂商又形成了面向云的操作系统；服务器有基于服务器的操作系统生态，通信有自己的嵌入式操作系统，物联网也有物联网的操作系统。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"操作系统“碎片化”现状就导致数字基础设施产生大量“软烟囱”，带来生态割裂、应用重复开发、协同繁琐的挑战。怎么解决这个挑战？这就促使华为进行更多的思考。华为希望构建一个新的生态，推出更有竞争力的产品，不能简单地模仿或跟随当前某个领域领先的产品，而是要做出创新。而且这个创新应该是面向未来的技术发展趋势和未来的场景化需求和客户需求。邓泰华认为，未来数字经济发展的一个必然方向就是让数字世界变成平的，需要端边云协同，云管边端都要打通，趋势是一次应用开发、在不同场景下都能够部署，同样的操作系统要在不同的硬件形态上都能够适配，这是一个非常明确的未来发展的方向和客户需求。正是为了解决这一面向未来的需求，华为推出了欧拉全新版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/48\/4828ddf582a78c0af1ceff045588ea38.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鸿蒙之所以叫万物互联的智能终端操作系统，就是不管智能手机还是穿戴设备还是物联网设备，只要是终端产品，都可以搭载鸿蒙。基于鸿蒙，应用可以一次开发、适配多样性终端。鸿蒙是面向端侧的、欧拉是面向数字基础设施，是同样的道理。数字基础设施不管是服务器还是云的场景，还是通信和CT、OT的嵌入式设备，或者是边缘计算设备，都可以通过一套欧拉操作系统完成适配。从这个定位和整体理念来说，鸿蒙和欧拉是一致的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为欧拉和鸿蒙是基于同样的设计理念、同样的定位，所以就有条件把这两个系统进一步打通。邓泰华透露，欧拉和鸿蒙操作系统的内核开发都是由华为2012实验室的中央软件院团队负责，因此这两套操作系统的内核已经实现了打通。接下来计划将鸿蒙非常有竞争力的分布式软总线能力移植到欧拉上，目前正在做相应的开发工作。这样一来，未来搭载欧拉操作系统的设备就可以自动识别和连接搭载鸿蒙的终端，真正做到把端边云打通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，华为未来在内核技术，包括统一的编程语言也有更进一步的规划。邓泰华告诉InfoQ，除了这次大会上发布的毕昇C++编程语言，明年华为还计划发布仓颉应用编程语言。而鸿蒙和欧拉会基于同样的编程语言开发，这样未来的应用就能够更好地实现应用的迁移和生态互通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"通过能力共享和生态打通，欧拉+鸿蒙就可以成为面向未来大家都需要的统一的操作系统，也是面向未来整个数字经济发展端边云管全场景所需要的操作系统。华为现在就正基于这个定位构建下一代数字全场景操作系统及对应的新生态，不是简单地替换现有的一个个“软烟囱”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"欧拉与鸿蒙之间的关系"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正如邓泰华所说，华为正在着手将欧拉与鸿蒙打通，构建一个统一的数字全场景操作系统，但很多人还是难免对二者关系的未来走向产生疑问。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在昨天的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/OLbNUYS03Y2I1BqyHy9j","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"媒体采访"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"中，华为轮值董事长徐直军明确了欧拉与鸿蒙的不同定位，其中鸿蒙操作系统的应用场景是智能终端、物联网终端和工业终端；而欧拉操作系统则面向服务器、边缘计算、云和嵌入式设备。但实际上，在InfoQ记者看来，鸿蒙所面向的物联网终端、工业终端，与欧拉所面向的嵌入式设备，两者之间的边界并没有那么清晰。在前不久的9月14日，华为才刚宣布推出鸿蒙矿山操作系统，这是鸿蒙在C端之后进一步向B端拓展，第一次进入工业领域实现商用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未来鸿蒙和欧拉之间如何分工？华为怎么界定二者的边界？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"针对这一问题，邓泰华表示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"鸿蒙跟欧拉这两个操作系统是相互互补的"},{"type":"text","text":"，加在一起可以覆盖数字全场景。基于前面徐直军提到的二者的不同定位，面向ICT的设备都是欧拉覆盖的场景，而面向消费者终端或者各种行业终端、物联网终端类的都是鸿蒙覆盖的场景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“在工业场景，就是OT场景，原则上也是按照这样的分工，就是面向设备类由欧拉来覆盖，面向端侧，比如各种工业场景的物联网终端则由鸿蒙来覆盖。可能"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在一部分边缘场景，边缘设备到底是属于端侧还是属于边缘设备，存在一定的模糊地带，所以两种操作系统存在一定的交叠。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这种时候就根据不同的应用场景来进行选择，比如对可靠性要求更高、更符合网络设备要求的，那我们就用欧拉系统；如果需要更灵活地适配终端、对多样性要求更高，那就用鸿蒙。”邓泰华进一步补充说道，这也是为什么欧拉和鸿蒙进一步打通会更有价值，二者既有各自独立的定位，又有一定的交叉地带，就更加需要这两个生态协同对接。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/99\/9954fc26c7e1984f7c861157ea4bdc78.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过，既然欧拉和鸿蒙在面向的设备上可能会存在一部分重叠地带，那未来两个系统在不断拓展应用场景的过程中会不会很容打架？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对此邓泰华表示，操作系统本身在不同场景中都存在多种选择，不管是智能手机操作系统还是服务器操作系统，都是如此。对于手机操作系统来说，用户可以做选择，上层的应用也可以做选择。而对于服务器操作系统，上层的应用软件可以选择集成的操作系统厂家，用户单位也可以针对操作系统来单独招标。从这一点来说，对于工业场景，如果说存在一定的重叠地带，那也有一个用户可选择的过程。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"邓泰华认为这本身并不存在冲突，华为希望给用户提供多种选择，如果一个场景只有唯一的选择，那反而不一定是最理想的方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但华为也希望客户的多个选择之间能够实现一定程度的共享，而不是多个选择相互互斥。邓泰华解释道，如果不同的选择是完全不同的两个体系，那就会存在问题，即客户选择了基于一个操作系统开发上层应用，当客户要切换到另一个操作系统的时候，上层的应用要全部开发一遍，这不管是对用户还是生态软件企业来说，都存在工作量的浪费。华为之所以希望把欧拉和鸿蒙的底层进一步打通，就是希望不同操作系统的商用产品或者商用发行版，相互之间既有差异化的部分，又有共性、可共享的部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我们希望通过构建统一的开源社区来构建公开可共享的基础能力，包括欧拉开源社区在内。但是不同的企业加入开源社区后，他们又可以基于开源版本推出各自的商用发行版提供给客户。商用发行版在基础能力之上，可以再增加差异化的部分，发挥他们各自的优势，比如在场景化适配、可靠性或更多的增值功能等各个方面。我们鼓励大家差异化，这样最终场景和客户就能够有多个选择，但是这多个选择之间又能够实现最有效的基础能力共享。这就是我们希望的一种模式，应该也是用户所希望的一种模式。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"   "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"这也意味着，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"未来openEuler和"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/theme\/113","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OpenHarmony"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（HarmonyOS开源版本）生态会更多地融合。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"不过邓泰华表示，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"这需要一个过程，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"因为生态要融合也取决于在平台部分能够实现的共享程度，还需要做很多技术创新。他进一步说明称，当前业界存在这么多“软烟囱”都是某些国家或头部企业主导的，但是他们也没有打通。这是由于不同的“软烟囱”由不同的企业主导，每个企业都有自己的利益，对企业来说，存量是优势，但这也可能成为创新的包袱，因为革自己的命总是很困难的，如果要推出面向数字全场景的、更有竞争力的统一操作系统，可能就把存量优势全部丢掉了，这也是现在一直都没有出现这样一个统一操作系统、统一生态的原因。但是在邓泰华看来，融合这个方向是确定的，只是还需要技术创新，要一步步来实现。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未来规划"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于欧拉操作系统接下来的工作重点以及长期规划，邓泰华也进一步作了介绍。从产品角度来说，欧拉最新定位是面向数字基础设施全场景，后续华为会陆续发布基于开源社区的创新版本和LTS版本，使能合作伙伴推出面向数字基础设施全场景的各个商业发行版。这个方向需要通过社区共建的方式来推进，华为会持续加大投入，希望与合作伙伴一起，基于开源社区不断推出能力增强的版本，使能合作伙伴面向不同场景开发商业发行版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从市场应用的角度，目前基于openEuler推出的商业发行版，这其中既包括面向服务器的商业发行版，也包括基于openEuler的云操作系统，都已经进入到市场规模应用阶段。对华为来说，市场拉动是催熟产品最好的一种方式，也是发展生态最好的一种方式，如果一个产品做出来，没有一个大的市场应用，那也很难去检验产品竞争力和完善产品竞争力。邓泰华表示，随着中国数字化进程加速，市场在快速发展，现在整个市场应用加速非常明显。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“以服务器操作系统场景为例，目前国内合作伙伴基于openEuler的商业发行版已经销售超过30万套，在未来3-6个月有希望实现超过100万套销售。中国的服务器一年台套数是350万套，基于openEuler的商业发行版达到了100万套的销售，就相当于做到了30%的市场份额，这一个技术路线达到30%的市场份额，那就已经成为了新增市场份额第一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"做到增量市场份额第一之后，随着逐步地存量替代，未来再一步步成为存量市场份额第一，这样就能够把整个面向服务器操作系统场景的产品催熟了。接下来包括云、边缘、工业控制也是同样的，通过把产品竞争力做出来，然后市场快速上量，来共同完善一个生态。这两个方面也是未来欧拉整个生态包括社区构建、市场推广、生态发展要聚焦的重点。”"}]}]}