最大程度的開放：Windows 11即將迎來第三方應用商店

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"幾天後的10月5號，微軟將正式開始推送 Windows 11。與Windows 11同時更新的還有新的 Microsoft Store。此前微軟曾宣佈將通過"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/NIEd0pjOjuzEHjVUhJ0R","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與亞馬遜合作"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，將安卓應用帶到 Microsoft Store。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/a2\/a213b6fb475ee6ede2d24c7f9fd7bc40.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最新消息顯示，微軟將在 Windows 11 中"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.windows.com\/windowsdeveloper\/2021\/09\/28\/microsoft-store-more-apps-more-open\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進一步開放"}]},{"type":"text","text":"自己的應用商店，邀請第三方應用商店集成到微軟商店中。除了亞馬遜之外，Epic Games Store 也已確認將率先集成到 Microsoft Store。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前可以確認的是，亞馬遜的Amazon Appstore和Epic Games Store都將在未來幾個月內亮相，並分別由 Amazon.com 和 Epic Games 運營。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進一步開放"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟官方在 9 月 28 日發佈的 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/uwp\/publish\/store-policies?redirectedfrom=MSDN","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft Store 政策修訂版"}]},{"type":"text","text":"添加了第 10.1.6 節，其中指出："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲獨立店面的產品，其主要目的是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"支持在 PC 設備上購買數字商品"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft Store 總經理 Giorgio Sardo 在一篇博客文章中解釋稱，雖然微軟不會從這些銷售額中抽成，但第三方應用商店的 App 也將獲得與 Microsoft Store 原先爲App提供的相同待遇。也就是說，第三方應用商店的App也將擁有產品詳細信息頁面，並可以被用戶通過搜索或瀏覽找到，下載也是同樣方便。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Verge指出，微軟更加開放的應用商店政策已經對 Microsoft Store 產生了很大的影響。Discord、Zoom、VLC、TeamViewer 和 Visual Studio Code 等流行應用現在都在 Microsoft Store 中列出。甚至還有來自 Reddit、維基百科、TikTok、Tumblr 等漸進式 Web 應用（PWA）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正如微軟官方此前表示，“我們將持續擴展 Microsoft Store 的開放性，讓越來越多的開發者和獨立軟件供應商（ISV）能夠將他們的應用程序帶到 Microsoft Store。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面向開發者，新的Microsoft Store有兩個重要的變化："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 開發人員可以發佈任何類型的應用程序，無論是用什麼樣的應用程序框架和打包技術都行——例如 Win32、.NET、UWP、Xamarin、Electron、React Native、Java 甚至 Progressive Web Apps。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 Microsoft Commerce 平臺，開發者還可以選擇在他們的應用中引入他們自己的或第三方的商務平臺，這樣一來，就不需要向微軟支付任何費用並保留100%的收入。這也意味着，如果開發人員使用自己的或第三方支付系統，微軟將不抽成。唯一的例外是，這政策不適用於遊戲。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"聰明的微軟"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在看來，微軟正在努力變得更具包容性，不但歡迎第三方應用商店，還可以不抽成。這與蘋果形成了鮮明對比。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/06\/06583aab693da261f05552364fa1c57c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而Epic Games的身份，則讓矛盾看起來更突出。衆所周知，Epic Games與蘋果打官司，爲的是可以使用自己的支付系統來賣產品，而不是被迫使用蘋果的支付平臺並被抽取高額佣金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果公司認爲，讓第三方支付系統進入 App Store 會給客戶帶來“可怕的風險”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微軟顯然不同意這種觀點——儘管 Windows 是一個在安全性方面有不少黑歷史的平臺，而蘋果大多數時候都“穩若磐石”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Epic Games 首席執行官蒂姆·斯威尼 (Tim Sweeney) 在推特上寫道：“微軟再次通過 Windows 引領行業前進，現在它是一個擁有開放商店的開放平臺了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過 Epic 是早期入局者也不足爲奇。Engadget評論道，微軟或許是利用了雙方正“打架”的契機，即使 Mac 用戶選擇在訪問 Epic Games Store 和其他應用商店也沒有任何太多困難，它也同樣可以將 Windows 11 的應用商店定位爲比蘋果的 Mac App Store 更開放的“替代品”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"值得一提的是，除了面向應用商店的開放，微軟還宣佈將有兩款“競對”瀏覽器（Opera 和 Yandex Browser）登陸 Microsoft Store，以提供 Edge 的替代品。當然，如果你早已下載了 Chrome 或 Firefox，那麼這些變更也不會有啥影響，但它們至少表明，微軟對自己的商店中的一些競爭持開放態度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"延展閱讀："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.windows.com\/windowsdeveloper\/2021\/09\/28\/microsoft-store-more-apps-more-open\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/blogs.windows.com\/windowsdeveloper\/2021\/09\/28\/microsoft-store-more-apps-more-open\/"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/09\/29\/microsoft_store_allows_third_party_storefronts\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/09\/29\/microsoft_store_allows_third_party_storefronts\/"}]}]}]}