6 個多雲架構設計,實現有效的雲策略

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文最初發表於 SimForm 網站,經原作者Jignesh Solanki授權,InfoQ 中文站翻譯並分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"跨多個雲平臺上部署多租戶應用程序是一項挑戰。本文中,我們將介紹六種多雲架構設計,以幫助企業建立有效的多雲策略。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了使用"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/services\/cloud-application-development\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最好的雲開發服務"}]},{"type":"text","text":",企業越來越希望利用各種雲產品的靈活性和可選擇性,以降低軟件開發的成本。實際上,國際數據公司去年在 IDC FutureScape 報告中預測,多雲應用將大幅增長,到 2020 年,超過 85%的企業 IT 公司將投資於多雲架構。當企業快速地向數字化轉型時,無論是公有云還是私有云,雲計算的採用正在加速。同時,在不同的雲平臺上工作也會帶來大量的挑戰。對於首席技術官來說,"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/challenges-cloud-implementation\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"缺乏雲計算知識"}]},{"type":"text","text":"是最根本的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本文爲我們的多雲系統架構博客系列的第一篇。在本文中,你將學習多雲架構設計以滿足不同企業的需求。在第二篇博文中,我們將討論"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/multi-cloud-management\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有效管理多雲環境的策略"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在介紹多雲架構之前,首先簡單瞭解一下基本的雲架構模型。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基本的雲架構是什麼樣的?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/7b\/7b5922b5496af18314e817e9c9952844.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在網絡上相當常見的基本雲架構是 3 層架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個架構包括 3 個主要的層次:"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"負載均衡服務器、應用服務器、數據庫服務器"},{"type":"text","text":"。每一層都有一個專門的服務器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在上面的雲架構圖中,爲了實現故障轉移和故障恢復的目的,在各層採用了冗餘服務器。這種結構稱爲冗餘 3 層架構,用於生產環境。非冗餘架構是在每一層都有一個服務器,只用來測試應用程序各層的交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是最基本的,你可以根據應用情況使用額外的服務器。舉例來說,我在數據層使用了 StripedVolume 設置,以便爲應用程序添加更快的備份功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我們來看一個 Netflix 的例子。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Netflix 是如何管理如此龐大的視頻集,並且不會中斷地提供出色的流媒體體驗?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那是因爲其多個數據中心位於世界各地,一旦發生災難,就會相互備份。此外,本地數據中心流媒體也提供更快速的觀看體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在上述架構中,我們可以有多個數據中心,每一箇中心都有它自己的負載均衡器層、應用程序層和數據庫層。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何做到這一點?請看下圖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/07\/07246ac57416e287f2e0717828392f26.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算最令人着迷的體驗是其水平自動伸縮特性。這樣,你就可以按需增加或者減少服務器資源的數量,此工作通過負載均衡器來完成。爲了根據預定義的警報條件自動伸縮,我們增加了一組服務器陣列來設置特定層級的架構。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲策略"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲策略是指同時使用兩個或更多的雲服務,比如 AWS、Azure、谷歌雲等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這就是說,你可以使用谷歌云爲你的美國用戶提供服務,並使用微軟 Azure 爲你的歐洲客戶服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"或者,在使用 AWS EC2 實例和負載平衡的同時,還可以對數據庫使用 Azure SQL,對用戶管理使用 Cognito,所有這些都用於單個應用程序。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,你可以主要在 Digital Ocean 上運行你的應用程序,但是在 AWS 上完全被複制和備份。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你可以在不同的雲上運行不同的應用程序。你可以將你的開發和測試環境放在一個雲上,而你的生產環境被放到另一個雲上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,多雲管理涉及到涉及"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/cloud-cost-optimization-strategies-compute-storage\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"監測雲部署的成本"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。這對獲得多雲的好處很重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是爲了利用多雲的優勢,管理和監測雲部署和成本是非常重要的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲策略在解決以下挑戰時特別有效:"}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用戶並不靠近任何數據中心,也沒有廣泛的地理分佈。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面對特定國家對存儲數據的監管限制,比如歐盟。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用公有云和企業內部資源的環境。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算應用程序沒有彈性,在單個數據中心丟失時,會影響災難恢復。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲架構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要構建高度可擴展且可靠的應用程序,應該進行多雲架構設計。其目的是爲了遷移在多種獨立雲上運行的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/services\/cloud-migration\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於雲的系統的遷移"}]},{"type":"text","text":"提供架構指導。下面讓我們看一些著名的多雲架構和遷移策略。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這種架構中,應用程序組件被託管在內部,遷移之後,可以使用其他雲平臺的不同雲服務來提高性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/63\/63eb4d163e583ce82558f3412345c31c.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏的應用組件 C1 是內部託管的,但是在採用多雲之後,它使用了 AWS 的存儲服務 AWS S3,在進行計算時使用了 Azure 虛擬機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":因爲應用程序在多個雲平臺上重新託管,從而提高了可用性,避免了供應商鎖定。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲遷移"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這個架構中,應用組件被重新託管在雲平臺上,並使用來自多個雲平臺的其他雲服務增強功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ad\/ad54b705b65207d06abcdbcbe07e0dbc.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"遷移之後,應用組件 C1 在 AWS 平臺上重新託管,並開發使用 Azure 的環境服務。它使用 AWS S3 進行存儲,計算選項爲 AWS 或 Azure 。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":由於應用程序重新託管在多個雲平臺上,提高了可用性,避免了供應商鎖定。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲重構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲提高服務質量,將對內部部署的應用程序進行重構,部署在多個雲平臺上。此時,應用程序需要重構成細粒度組件,以便能夠單獨優化高使用率組件的部署。這種情況下,高使用量的組件的部署與低消耗組件無關。並行化設計使得多雲平臺有更高的吞吐量。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/d1\/d1fdbf6befc22f77e650c9c2d58c51c8.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏 AC1 和 AC2 是在遷移之前在內部託管的兩個應用組件。因爲這兩個組件都是獨立的完整單元,所以 AC1 部署在 AWS 上,使用 AWS S3。而 AC2 則部署在 Azure 上,可按需使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":最佳的可擴展性\/性能,一系列的多雲部署選項,以應對業務\/IT 變化的靈活性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"挑戰"},{"type":"text","text":":企業內部應用的現代化是孤立的。這些現代化主要是由於技術原因。由於多雲環境,只能自下而上確定的組件架構可能需要重新評估。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲重連"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重構的應用程序被部分地部署在多個雲環境中,當主平臺發生故障時,可以使用輔助部署使應用程序繼續運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/39\/39b0e67a3c53341225a7e6a380682790.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此處,AC1 和 AC2 是在遷移之前在內部託管的兩個應用組件。因爲這兩個組件都是獨立的完整單元,所以 AC1 保持在內部,而兩個 AC2 被部署在 AWS 和 Azure 上進行災難恢復。AC1 和兩個 AC2 組件通過 EBS 或服務總線進行連接。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":當不健康的服務再次正常時,可傳送流量,從而使系統的響應能力恢復到最大程度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"挑戰"},{"type":"text","text":":這種架構無法保證無縫故障轉移。將會有停機時間。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"使用雲代理的多雲重連"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在多種雲環境中,一個重構的應用程序部分部署。這樣,應用程序就可以在主平臺發生故障時使用雲代理服務,通過輔助部署繼續運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/11\/113eb82c130055f90d9131d3b4509e93.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這個架構中,AC1 被部署在內部,兩個重構的 AC2 部署在 AWS 和 Azure 兩個雲平臺上。此處,雲代理服務集成了所有三個組件,併爲從多個供應商(雲平臺 AWS 和 Azure)選擇服務提供了靈活性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":當不健康的服務再次正常時,可傳送流量,從而使系統的響應能力恢復到最大程度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"挑戰"},{"type":"text","text":":這種架構無法保證無縫故障轉移。將會有停機時間。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多應用的現代化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各種內部應用程序 A1\/A2、AC1 被重構爲一個投資組合,並部署在雲環境中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/c2\/c204b132404a73aac914528821a44383.jpeg","alt":"image.png","title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"優點"},{"type":"text","text":":它爲共享組件中提供一致的信息和規則。另外一個好處是降低了共享組件的運行和維護成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"挑戰"},{"type":"text","text":":缺乏對共享能力方面的業務承諾。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲與混合雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一眼看上去,這兩個術語看起來是一樣的,而且有些人會交替使用,但是它們並不同。在這裏我們解釋了這兩者之間的差別,雖然細微,但卻十分明顯。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲是公有云和私有云的混合體,可以將像 AWS 這樣的公有云連接到你的內部系統,並被編排成一起執行一個任務。在這種場景下,你希望優化你的工作負載,使其在正確的時間運行在正確的環境中。使用混合雲,企業可以從所選擇的供應商那裏獲得高彈性的計算資源,也許是爲了在高峯期間管理和存儲額外工作負載,或者是用於日常應用。然而,出於一些原因,例如隱私法規和安全,所有關鍵任務的內容仍然保留在內部基礎設施上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼要實施混合雲?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在一些用例中,企業需要結合使用私有云和公有云來利用它們所提供的獨特優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業可以利用雲爆發,即應用工作負載在私有云中到達閾值水平後,突然進入公有云,獲取額外的計算資源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於企業而言,在開始進行與在私有云中啓動相關的資本支出之前,爲一個新的、未經測試的應用程序使用公共雲資源是有意義的。當企業定義了一個穩定的工作負載管道以運行一個應用程序之後,就可以選擇將這個應用程序引入內部系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,雲客戶可以使用混合雲來促進高可用性(High Availability,HA)和災難恢復(Disaster Recovery,DR)。舉例來說,在災難恢復的方案中,企業可以將它們的恢復環境放在一個公有云中,在私有云中放置生產環境,並隨時準備啓動。公司把數據複製到公有云中,但是其他所有資源在需要之前都是無法操作的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"通過提供使 IT 操作自動化以改進用戶體驗的基礎設施,混合雲架構提供了滿足企業需求的最大靈活性。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲代表超過 1 個相同類型的雲部署,它可能是來自不同雲提供商的公有云或私有云。企業採用多雲技術來混合和匹配一系列的公有云和私有云,以使用最佳的應用和服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲和混合雲的方法互不排斥:你可以同時使用這兩種方法。實際上,大多數企業都試圖通過擴展環境組合來改善安全性和性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只是說明一下,多雲架構與多租戶架構不同。前者已經講過了,後者是指軟件架構,其中一個軟件實例在服務器上運行,用於服務於多個租戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼要實施多雲?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不同的多雲用例可以爲 IT 團隊提供更大的靈活性,並控制工作負載和數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲多雲提供了靈活的雲環境,企業可以通過採用多雲來滿足幾頁和商業方面的特定工作負載或應用需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業還看到使用多個雲服務提供商解決應用延遲問題的地理優勢。此外,一些公司可能會在短期內開始使用特定的雲供應商來實現其短期目標,然後就停止使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,在 IT 領導者提倡多雲策略時,常常會遇到兩個問題,即供應商鎖定和雲供應商可能出現的中斷。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"管理多雲環境的小貼士"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲環境帶來了它們的挑戰:複雜性、資源、專業知識、成本和管理等方面的問題,而且管理似乎是共同之處,僅舉幾例。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"想想這個情形:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你運行的是一個私有云,它需要大量存儲和網絡資源池。與此同時,你還有另外一個運行於亞馬遜服務的工作負載,以及一個運行於微軟的服務。每一個工作負載都運行在李湘的雲上,但是現在你需要管理多個雲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要怎樣才能更有效率地做到這一點?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在構建有效的多雲環境時,你需要記住以下 5 件事:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對你的整個網絡進行分析,然後確定特定雲供應商的哪種服務最適合你的特定需求,以避免系統的複雜性和對資源的不當使用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有多個雲供應商會增加低級別的維護和監控任務。最好是將它們實現自動化。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"專注於策略標準化,應用到每個雲環境。它們涉及的領域包括數據存儲、工作負載、流量、虛擬服務器、合規\/法規、安全性和報告等領域。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採用一個面向虛擬環境的綜合數據中心管理系統。這可以幫助你根據共同目標構建服務器、網絡、存儲、操作、安全和應用團隊。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"確定最適合你的組織中多雲環境的應用程序。不同於傳統應用程序,雲原生應用程序是靈活和麪向服務的,它由一組基於擴展的架構的容器和服務組成。此外,這些都實現自動化、移動和擴展。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲架構的優點"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"災難恢復"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果企業使用一個雲平臺來管理企業中所有資源時,則存在風險。網絡攻擊可能會使所有的業務長時間癱瘓,使得最終用戶在問題解決之前無法訪問。在使用多雲架構時,它使你的公司的服務能夠抵抗這些類型的網絡攻擊,因爲在一個雲出現故障時,還有其他雲可以承擔工作負載。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"避免供應商鎖定"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲平臺讓企業可以從每一個雲平臺中選擇最佳的服務,以創建符合企業目標的定製基礎設施。企業不需要管理業務過程,以適應特定供應商的設置和執行,企業可以探索不同的供應商,尋找業務運營中每一個部分的最佳匹配。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據管理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企業內部產生了不同的數據類型。舉例來說,有些數據庫需要冷存儲,不定期存取,而熱數據一天可以存取 10 次,必須存儲在頻繁存取的存儲中,比如 AWS S3 標準存儲。與其將所有的數據都塞進一個雲中,不如通過使用合適的服務進行多樣化以獲得合適的功能。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"優化雲成本"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採取多雲策略之前,你應該對你的工作負載進行性能分析,這可以是企業內部的,也可以是已經在雲中的,並且可以和每一個雲中的可用工作負載相比較。這樣,你就能確定哪些選擇能以最低的成本滿足你的工作負載性能需求。舉例來說,你可以通過對設計爲榮作的工作負載運行 Spot 實例,同時對保留的實例運行遺留的工作負載來節省成本。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低延遲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果一個應用程序的用戶分佈在世界各地,而數據傳輸是從單一的數據中心進行的,很多用戶的響應時間會比較慢。在到達最終用戶之前,數據流量必須經過幾個節點,這就發生了延遲。這個延遲(稱爲延遲)是由遠處的服務器提供的雲服務所固有的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在多雲環境中,雲架構師可以基於用戶位置將數據中心部署到多個區域。最接近最終用戶的數據中心能夠以最少的服務器跳轉來提供所需的數據。對於那些需要在不同地理位置提供數據,同時保持統一的最終用戶體驗的全球性組織來說,這種能力尤其有用。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結語"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲架構爲企業提供了一個在傳統基礎設施之外建立安全、強大的雲環境的環境。但是,將多雲的影響最大化意味着要積極應對應用擴展、獨特門戶、合規性、遷移和安全等諸多挑戰。多雲策略的主要目標是根據需求使用盡可能多的雲,以克服使用單一供應商的雲的侷限性。雖然在雲提供商之間切換執行任務是非常複雜的,尤其是剛開始,雲服務提供商正致力於提高雲間切換效率。其效率約稿,雲計算的發展也就越好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者介紹:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jignesh Solanki,思想領袖,通過 DevOps 制度化、端到端產品開發和諮詢知道的轉型計劃,領導 Simform 的產品工程團隊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/blog\/multi-cloud-architecture\/#mcloudstrategy","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.simform.com\/blog\/multi-cloud-architecture\/#mcloudstrategy"}]}]}]}
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