【得物技术】自动化生成代码几种方案的演变

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今天我们聊一聊自动化生成代码的问题，试想一下，假如有一天机器替代你编写代码，你是应该感到开心还是难过？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"方案","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前代码生成技术主要有以下几类：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/94/94bf33ee8ff1dce40aa508da2739afaa.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1）基于模版编排生成代码","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先说下基于模版生成代码的方式，这种属于最原始最简单也是目前应用最广泛的一种代码生成方式，可以说，几乎所有的代码生成方式都是建立在模版的基础上繁衍而来。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前端最有名的莫过于vue-cli和create-react-app两款脚手架的代码生成了，他们分别基于vue和react框架进行的一键初始化项目生成代码，包括各公司内部的项目生成的脚手架，其实本质上是一样的，只是加入了公司内部集成的很多公共的组件和方法而已。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其实最早的代码生成并不是前端，因为那个时候还没有前端这个概念，在WWW万维网的时代，页面基本是由后端进行开发，因此在模版代码生成这一领域我们只是走了后端走过的路。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"记得最早接触模版代码生成的是在刚开始开发后端项目的时候，那时候还是采用MVC架构，要开发一个新的功能模块的时候，往往需要分别对controller,service,dbService中进行新的代码注入，有点类似于egg中的结构（如果不熟悉后端开发的话），因此这种机械化比较固定的结构化组织中，往往通过命令一键生成即可，然后再对service/dbService中写入独特的逻辑即可。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种开发模式能节省很多开发时间，且上手容易，开发者往往只需要关注逻辑开发即可，但往往会出现很多重复性的代码，这也是自动化代码生成一直存在的弊端。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2）基于可视化UI生成代码","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基于可视化搭建的代码生成，这也是目前市场上最多的一种产物，也是很多可视化搭建文章强行给它带上的一种帽子，但准确的说它并不完全属于自动化生产代码，只是其中的一个环节而已，由于它需要过多的加入人为干预，最终才能得到我们想要的运行程序，感觉它一点都不自动化，如何对得起“自动化”三字？","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但可视化搭建的确能带来一些节约生产力的功能，同时也给其他角色赋能，搭建应用的不一定是开发了，他们甚至可以不需要懂任何程序，可以是设计、产品和运营。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中最为成熟的莫过于汽车行业生成代码。对，你没看错，就是汽车行业，在我们的印象中，汽车行业属于比较传统的行业，似乎与新兴产业互联网的代码编程八竿子打不着。然而，在2010年之前，大多数的汽车控制软件，如发动机控件、变速箱软件、车身控制软件等都是通过手写C代码完成的。开发流程如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/84/842bf48cc1e934e4e1e32ed29a8d50de.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中设计师是不懂代码的，从设计图交付开始到最终控制器的完成，这一过程会出现两个问题，设计师与码农之间的沟通成本以及码农的交付质量，项目越大这两大问题就越突出，直接影响交付日期、成本和质量，通常情况下交付时间与成本成反比，与质量成正比，而时间就是金钱的今天，要同时保证成本和质量，更好的办法就是设法将将代码标准化，同时降低沟通成本。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"cont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3 Snippets针对react的提示插件ES7 React/Redux/GraphQL/React-Native snippets上面两款插件的下载量都是百万级别以上的，所以流行程度是绝对杠杠的，当然如果你觉得它们不好用，或者不够贴切公司内部的代码片段，也可以自己定制。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种生成代码方式，简单而快速，但也存在其弊端，固定化不好扩展，而且最令人不快的是使用者需要一定的学习成本，需要提前了解键值以及对应的代码片段。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了解决这个弊端，于是聪明的程序员们便加入智能化，利用训练学习法找出对应的代码片段，于是有了接下来的智能化语料。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"智能化语料","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"1）Kite 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驱动的代码完成功能，赋予开发人员超能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c7/c7297d9714f7b8a83566768e045ae5ae.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它会根据用户输入的上下文以及当前输入，预判用户将要输入的内容。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在安全方面，kite在本地运行，您的代码是私有的，不会离开您的机器。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种智能化输入是依赖n-gram模型（不了解n-gram模型的童鞋可以自行搜索了解一下），只不过它比n-gram模型做得更前一步，会预先读取整个文件的上下文，结合当前的输入再推断出用户的行为。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"总体上，Kite Autocomplete插件还是蛮好用的，它支持多种语言，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"使用vscode编辑器的同学强烈建议使用，在这里给你们种草了，超好用，谁用谁知道","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"2）GitHub Copilot插件","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"接下来介绍另一个智能化代码提示vscode插件GitHub Copilot，它是OpenAI与微软联手推出的一款AI代码生成代码工具，可以说它是vscode官方亲儿子也不为过，不过要使用它需要注册。让我们看看你它的官方介绍","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitHub Copilot 由 OpenAI 创建的新 AI 系统 Codex 提供支持。GitHub Copilot 比大多数代码助手理解的上下文要多得多。因此，无论是在文档字符串、注释、函数名称还是代码本身中，GitHub Copilot 都会使用您提供的上下文并合成代码以进行匹配。我们正在与 OpenAI 一起设计 GitHub 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